| 规格 | 价格 | 库存 | 数量 |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
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| 体内研究 (In Vivo) |
本研究探讨了乳糖摄入对老年便秘患者排便习惯的影响。研究纳入15名女性受试者,平均年龄76.4岁。受试者食用添加了乳糖的常规医院膳食。给药方案为:每日20克,持续8天;随后进行3天适应期,剂量逐步增加至每日40克;之后从第12天至第19天维持该剂量。20克剂量于上午8:00一次性服用,溶于250毫升水中;40克剂量分两次服用,每次20克,分别于上午8:00和下午4:00服用。受试者对乳糖的反应差异很大。15名受试者中有4名,每日20克乳糖使排便次数增加至每周3-4次,而每日40克乳糖则进一步使排便次数增加至每周7.5次。在另外七名受试者中,仅每日20克剂量组的排便频率增加(至每日一次),而每日40克剂量组则减少至每周2-3次,导致大便变硬并出现排便困难。这七名患者中有四名报告有中度腹痛。四名受试者无论剂量如何,仅出现轻微的通便作用(每周排便2-3次),并抱怨胀气严重。每日摄入20克乳糖后,粪便干物质百分比较基线显著下降(从32.3% ± 6.3%降至28.4% ± 6.4%,p<0.05),每日40克剂量组也观察到类似效果(27.3% ± 5.5%,p<0.05),这与粪便含水量增加相对应[1]。
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| 酶活实验 |
粪便β-葡萄糖苷酶和β-葡萄糖醛酸酶活性分别通过光度法测定,即监测显色底物对硝基苯基-β-吡喃葡萄糖苷和对硝基苯基-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷的水解情况。酶活性表示为在37℃下,每毫克粪便干重每分钟水解1 μmol底物所需的酶量。与基线水平相比,饲喂20 g/d或40 g/d乳糖后,这些酶的粪便活性均未观察到显著变化[1]。
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| 药代性质 (ADME/PK) |
乳糖是一种双糖,可被结肠微生物群利用进行发酵。这种情况主要发生在特定双糖缺乏、相应转运系统缺陷,或摄入的糖量超过小肠最大吸收速率时,导致糖溢出到大肠[1]。
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| 毒性/毒理 (Toxicokinetics/TK) |
相互作用
与喂食基础蔗糖饮食的对照组相比,喂食含40%乳糖饮食5天的大鼠肝脏总胆固醇水平更高。添加乳糖的饮食显著降低了粪便甾醇的产生,提示该结果可能与胆固醇吸收有关。定量平衡研究表明,蔗糖对照组吸收了40.4%的胆固醇,而乳糖组吸收了相同剂量的66.2%。当饮食中添加乳糖时,2%和4%的氯化钙均能抑制胆固醇的吸收;然而,当添加蔗糖时,需要高达4%的氯化钙才能产生类似的效果…… 老年便秘患者服用乳糖作为膳食补充剂会产生一些不良反应。虽然20克/天的剂量对某些患者有通便作用,但40克/天的较高剂量却导致部分患者出现大便干结和排便困难。此外,部分患者还报告了胀气、肠胀气和腹痛等副作用。具体而言,15名患者中有4名抱怨胀气严重,另有4名报告在摄入乳糖期间出现中度腹痛[1]。 |
| 参考文献 | |
| 其他信息 |
乳糖是一种白色、坚硬的结晶粉末。(NTP, 1992)
β-乳糖是乳糖的β-异构体。 它是一种由葡萄糖和半乳糖组成的二糖,存在于人乳和牛乳中。它被用作制药片剂、医药营养剂和工业原料。 据报道,圣约翰草含有β-乳糖,并且有相关数据支持。 它是一种由葡萄糖和半乳糖组成的二糖,存在于人乳和牛乳中。它被用作制药片剂、医药营养剂和工业原料。 历史上,乳糖一直被推荐用于治疗多种胃肠道疾病,包括便秘。本研究探讨了乳糖治疗便秘的疗效,并将其与菊粉进行了比较。研究证实,老年患者的肠道菌群会受到乳糖摄入的影响。在摄入乳糖的个体中,检测到粪便中肠球菌数量显著增加(从 log₁₀ 7.1 ± 1.1 增加到 8.1 ± 1.2 CFU/g 干粪,p<0.01),而乳杆菌(从 log₁₀ 7.9 ± 0.9 减少到 7.0 ± 1.0 CFU/g 干粪,p<0.05)和梭菌(从 log₁₀ 6.4 ± 1.2 减少到 5.6 ± 0.8 CFU/g 干粪,p<0.05)数量则显著减少。在 15 名每日摄入 40 克乳糖的患者中,有 5 名患者的拟杆菌属数量增加了约 2 个对数级。该研究表明,乳糖的通便作用在个体间差异很大,并且可能伴有明显的不适感[1]。 |
| 精确质量 |
342.116
|
|---|---|
| CAS号 |
63-42-3
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| PubChem CID |
6134
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| 外观&性状 |
White, hard, crystalline mass of white powder
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| 密度 |
1.8±0.1 g/cm3
|
| 沸点 |
667.9±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| 熔点 |
222.8°C
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| 闪点 |
357.8±31.5 °C
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| 蒸汽压 |
0.0±4.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| 折射率 |
1.652
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| LogP |
-3.41
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| tPSA |
197.37
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| 氢键供体(HBD)数目 |
8
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| 氢键受体(HBA)数目 |
11
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| 可旋转键数目(RBC) |
4
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| 重原子数目 |
23
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| 分子复杂度/Complexity |
382
|
| 定义原子立体中心数目 |
10
|
| SMILES |
C([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O
|
| InChi Key |
GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-DCSYEGIMSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(15)6(16)9(19)12(22-3)23-10-4(2-14)21-11(20)8(18)7(10)17/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5+,6+,7-,8-,9-,10-,11-,12+/m1/s1
|
| 化学名 |
(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol
|
| 别名 |
Lactose, anhydrous Lactose Galactinum Fast-flo
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| 存储方式 |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| 运输条件 |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| 溶解度 (体外实验) |
H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~292.14 mM)
DMSO : ~50 mg/mL (~146.07 mM) |
|---|---|
| 溶解度 (体内实验) |
配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.30 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入到400 μL PEG300中,混匀;然后向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80,混匀;加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。 *生理盐水的制备:将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中,得到澄清溶液。 配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.30 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD生理盐水溶液中,混匀。 *20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备(4°C,1 周):将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中,得到澄清溶液。 View More
配方 3 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.30 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 配方 4 中的溶解度: 130 mg/mL (379.78 mM) in PBS (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液; 超声助溶. 1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液)); 2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方): 10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline); 假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL; 3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例; 4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶; 5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用! 6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们; 7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。 |
计算结果:
工作液浓度: mg/mL;
DMSO母液配制方法: mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。
体内配方配制方法:取 μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。
(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
(2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。
Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06724705
Conditions:Lactose Intolerance, Adult TypeLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02584439
Conditions:Healthy|Vascular Stiffness|AgingLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03582176
Conditions:Elbow Fracture|Elbow Injury|Elbow Dislocation
Title:Human Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation
Status:Completed
updateDate:2025-10-03
Ctid:NCT04265053
Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04265053
Conditions:Cerebral Arterial DiseasesLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06746285
Conditions:Gastrointestinal Tolerance of Probiotics in InfantsLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01404754
Conditions:Psychological Effects of Study DrugLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04924530
Conditions:Cardiovascular Risk Factor|Lipaemia|Metabolic DiseaseLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02999022
Conditions:FracturesLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00888680
Conditions:MigraineLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01041755
Conditions:Hepatic EncephalopathyLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03497598
Conditions:Urinary Tract InfectionsLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01434745
Conditions:Smith-Lemli-Opitz SyndromeLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00876161
Conditions:HealthyLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03878511
Conditions:Bacterial VaginosesLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01550107
Conditions:SarcopeniaLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02042521
Conditions:Nicotine Dependence, Cigarettes, With WithdrawalLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01644877
Conditions:ParainfluenzaLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01723592
Conditions:Breast CancerLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03121222
Conditions:Glutathione Metabolism AnemiasLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02636413
Conditions:Lactose IntoleranceLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01675986
Conditions:Feeling AnxiousLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02787707
Conditions:Nausea|VomitingLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02566798
Conditions:OsteoarthritisLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02596360
Conditions:Experimental Pain|HyperalgesiaLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02448940
Conditions:Overweight and ObesityLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01848119
Conditions:PainLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02214095
Conditions:Chronic PeriodontitisLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02172508
Conditions:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00980031
Conditions:Myocardial RemodelingLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01151306
Conditions:Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01277237
Conditions:Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00979056
Conditions:DiarrhoeaLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00624754
Conditions:Obstructive Airway DiseaseLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01748279
Conditions:COPDLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01812967
Conditions:Glycemic Control|Gastrointestinal Hormone Response|Healthy Young MenLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01575678
Conditions:Nocturnal EnuresisLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01028014
Conditions:Urethral Sphincter ActivityLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00682214
Conditions:Vitamin D DeficiencyLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01094925
Conditions:PainLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01136317
Conditions:Gastroesophageal RefluxLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01185418
Conditions:Normal VolunteersLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00983177
Conditions:Calcific TendonitisLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00599859
Conditions:Lactose IntoleranceLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00841230
Conditions:TinnitusLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00351117
Conditions:Raynaud's DiseaseLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00504946
Conditions:Asthma