Lonidamine (AF-1890)   中文名称: 氯尼达明

在 AKR-2B 和 TIG-1 细胞中，lonsidine（100 μM，24 小时）可抑制 TGF-β 诱导的耗氧率和乳酸生成率 [3]。 Lonidamine（100 μM，24/48 小时）抑制 A549 和 H2030BrM3 细胞的生长[4]。 A549 和 H2030BrM3 细胞侵袭被龙西达明（100–200 μM，24 小时）抑制[4]。使用lonsidamine（100-1000 μM，24 h）抑制线粒体复合物I和II的活性[4]。在 H2030BrM3 肺癌细胞中，lonsidamine（200 μM，24 小时）可增强 ROS 的生成[4]。

在 BLM 诱导的肺纤维化小鼠模型中，lonsamine（口服治疗，10-100 mg/kg/天，d10 至 d20）通过阻断己糖激酶 2 (HK2) 活性来增强肺功能 [3]。

Animal/Disease Models: Lonidamine (oral administration, 10 -100 mg/kg/day, d10 to d20) improves lung function by inhibiting hexokinase 2 (HK2) activity in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis murine model[3].
Doses: 10, 30, 100 mg/kg/day
Route of Administration: Oral administration, daily, d10 to d20 after BLM treatment.
Experimental Results: Partially or completely reversed the increases in HK2 and lactate induced by BLM and decreased the expression of 10 profibrotic mediators.

Metabolism / Metabolites
Lonidamine has known human metabolites that include (2S,3S,4S,5R)-6-[1-[(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methyl]indazole-3-carbonyl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid.

[1]. Nancolas B, et al. The anti-tumour agent lonidamine is a potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier and plasma membrane monocarboxylate transporters. Biochem J. 2016 Apr 1;473(7):929-36.
[2]. Ilya A Shutkov, et al. Ru(III) Complexes with Lonidamine-Modified Ligands. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Dec 15;22(24):13468.
[3]. Xueqian Yin, et al. Hexokinase 2 couples glycolysis with the profibrotic actions of TGF-β. Sci Signal. 2019 Dec 17;12(612):eaax4067.
[4]. Gang Cheng, et al. Targeting lonidamine to mitochondria mitigates lung tumorigenesis and brain metastasis. Nat Commun. 2019 May 17;10(1):2205.

Lonidamine is a member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole that is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by 2,4-dichlorobenzyl and carboxy groups, respectively. It has a role as an antispermatogenic agent, an antineoplastic agent, a geroprotector and an EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor. It is a member of indazoles, a dichlorobenzene and a monocarboxylic acid.
Lonidamine (LND) is a drug that interferes with energy metabolism of cancer cells, principally inhibiting aerobic glycolytic activity, by its effect on mitochondrially-bound hexokinase (HK). In such way LND could impair energy-requiring processes, as recovery from potentially lethal damage, induced by radiation treatment and by some cytotoxic drugs.
Lonidamine is an indazole carboxylic acid derivative that exhibits radiosensitizing and antiparasitic effects and interferes with the multidrug resistance mechanism.

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Drug Indication
Investigated for use/treatment in benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate disorders, and cancer/tumors (unspecified).

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Mechanism of Action
Lonidamine is an orally administered small molecule that inhibits glycolysis by the inactivation of hexokinase. Hexokinase is an enzyme that catalyzes glucose, the first step in glycolysis. The inhibition of hexokinase by lonidamine is well established. In addition, there is evidence that lonidamine may increase programmed cell death. This stems from the observation that mitochondria and mitochondria-bound hexokinase are crucial for induction of apoptosis; agents that directly effect mitochondria may, therefore, trigger apoptosis. Indeed, in vitro models with lonidamine exhibit the hallmarks of apoptosis, including mitochondrial membrane depolarization, release of cytochrome C, phosphatidylserine externalization, and DNA fragmentation. [PMID: 16986057]

C15H10CL2N2O2

321.16

320.011

50264-69-2

39562

White to off-white solid powder

1.5±0.1 g/cm3

537.9±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg

207-209°C

279.1±28.7 °C

0.0±1.5 mmHg at 25°C

1.678

4.32

55.12

1

3

3

21

396

0

ClC1C([H])=C(C([H])=C([H])C=1C([H])([H])N1C2=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C2C(C(=O)O[H])=N1)Cl

WDRYRZXSPDWGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C15H10Cl2N2O2/c16-10-6-5-9(12(17)7-10)8-19-13-4-2-1-3-11(13)14(18-19)15(20)21/h1-7H,8H2,(H,20,21)

1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.48 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将100 μL 20.8 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入400 μL PEG300中，混匀；然后向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80，混匀；加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。
*生理盐水的制备：将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.48 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 澄清 DMSO 储备液加入到 900 μL 玉米油中并混合均匀。

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请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出，可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果，工作液请现配现用！
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。