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| 靶点 |
β-catenin signaling pathway (IC50 for inhibiting β-catenin/TCF transcriptional activity: ~12 μM in TOPFlash reporter assay)[3]
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| 体外研究 (In Vitro) |
盐酸奈福泮(盐酸非那佐辛)是一种非阿片类、非甾体类、中枢作用镇痛药,是非镇静药苯并恶佐辛的衍生物[1]。延迟的纤维性骨折修复过程是由β-连环蛋白持续升高引起的,而皮肤伤口修复过程中β-连环蛋白介导的信号传导受到奈莫泮的抑制。
在β-catenin驱动的肿瘤细胞(SW480、HCT116)和反应性纤维增殖细胞中,盐酸奈福泮(Fenazoxine)以浓度依赖方式抑制细胞增殖,IC50范围为8-15 μM。它通过在mRNA和蛋白水平上下调β-catenin下游靶基因(c-Myc、Cyclin D1)的表达,诱导细胞周期G1期阻滞。此外,该药物还可抑制这些细胞的集落形成并减少细胞迁移[3] - 在培养的大鼠背根神经节(DRG)神经元中,盐酸奈福泮(Fenazoxine)(1-30 μM)可抑制辣椒素诱导的钙离子内流,10 μM浓度时抑制率达52%。它还能减少高氯化钾刺激下DRG神经元释放疼痛相关神经递质(P物质、降钙素基因相关肽)[1] - 在NF1缺陷型成骨细胞中,盐酸奈福泮(Fenazoxine)(1-10 μM)可促进成骨分化。5 μM浓度时,碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著提高68%,矿化结节形成增加75%。该药物上调成骨标志物(Runx2、Osterix)的表达,并促进这些细胞中β-catenin的核转位[2] |
| 体内研究 (In Vivo) |
使用甩尾和热板测定法,对小鼠腹膜内 (ip)、颅内 (ic) 和脊柱内 (is) 注射奈福泮的镇痛活性进行测试。在热板测试中,奈福泮的效力是吗啡的三分之一,但不影响甩尾。
在慢性压迫损伤(CCI)诱导的神经病理性疼痛大鼠模型中,口服盐酸奈福泮(Fenazoxine)(10 mg/kg、20 mg/kg,每日1次,连续14天)可剂量依赖性地增加热撤退潜伏期和机械缩足反射阈值。20 mg/kg剂量能显著减少疼痛相关行为,与对照组相比,热阈值提高45%,机械阈值提高50%[1] - 在NF1+/-小鼠股骨骨折模型中,腹腔注射盐酸奈福泮(Fenazoxine)(5 mg/kg,每周3次,连续4周)可改善骨折愈合。Micro-CT分析显示,骨密度增加32%,骨痂体积增加40%。组织学检查发现,骨折部位的骨小梁形成增强,成骨细胞分布更成熟[2] - 在β-catenin驱动的结肠癌(SW480细胞)裸鼠异种移植模型中,口服盐酸奈福泮(Fenazoxine)(20 mg/kg,每日1次,连续21天)与对照组相比,肿瘤生长抑制率达58%。肿瘤组织免疫组织化学染色显示,β-catenin核表达减少,Ki-67增殖指数降低[3] |
| 酶活实验 |
β-catenin/TCF转录活性检测:将稳定表达TOPFlash荧光素酶报告基因的细胞接种到96孔板,培养24小时后加入不同浓度的盐酸奈福泮(Fenazoxine),继续孵育24小时。细胞裂解后加入荧光素酶底物,检测相对发光强度,评估药物对β-catenin/TCF转录活性的抑制作用[3]
- ALP活性检测:将NF1缺陷型成骨细胞接种到24孔板,用盐酸奈福泮(Fenazoxine)处理7天。用缓冲液裂解细胞,裂解液与ALP底物在37°C孵育30分钟,终止反应后在405 nm波长下测定吸光度,计算ALP活性[2] |
| 细胞实验 |
细胞增殖检测:将β-catenin驱动的细胞或NF1缺陷型成骨细胞接种到96孔板(1×10^3个细胞/孔),培养24小时后加入0.1-100 μM的盐酸奈福泮(Fenazoxine),继续孵育72小时。使用细胞增殖检测试剂盒检测细胞活力,在对应波长下测定吸光度并计算IC50值[2][3]
- 集落形成检测:将β-catenin驱动的肿瘤细胞低密度接种到6孔板(5×10^2个细胞/孔),用盐酸奈福泮(Fenazoxine)(5 μM、10 μM、20 μM)处理。培养14天后,固定并染色集落,计数后计算相对于对照组的集落形成率[3] - DRG神经元钙成像检测:分离大鼠DRG神经元接种到盖玻片,培养7天后加载钙离子指示剂孵育30分钟,用盐酸奈福泮(Fenazoxine)预处理10分钟,加入辣椒素刺激钙离子内流,通过共聚焦显微镜记录荧光强度变化[1] - Western blot和qPCR检测:提取处理后细胞的总蛋白和RNA,通过Western blot检测β-catenin、c-Myc、Cyclin D1、Runx2和β-肌动蛋白的表达,采用qPCR检测靶基因的mRNA水平,以GAPDH作为内参[2][3] |
| 动物实验 |
intraperitoneal (i.p.), intracranial (i.c.) and intraspinal (i.s.) injection
Mice CCI neuropathic pain model: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were used to establish the CCI model by ligating the sciatic nerve. Seven days after surgery, rats were randomly divided into control and treatment groups. The treatment groups received oral Nefopam HCl (Fenazoxine) at 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg once daily for 14 days, while the control group received an equal volume of normal saline. Pain thresholds were measured using the hot plate test and von Frey filament test every 3 days[1] - NF1-deficient mouse fracture model: 8-week-old NF1+/- mice were anesthetized, and a closed femoral fracture was created. From the first day after surgery, the treatment group received intraperitoneal injection of Nefopam HCl (Fenazoxine) (5 mg/kg) 3 times a week for 4 weeks. The control group received normal saline. Mice were euthanized at the end of treatment, and femurs were collected for Micro-CT and histological analysis[2] - Colon cancer xenograft model: Female nude mice (6-8 weeks old) were subcutaneously inoculated with 2×10^6 SW480 cells. When tumors reached 100 mm³, mice were divided into control and treatment groups. The treatment group was given oral Nefopam HCl (Fenazoxine) (20 mg/kg) once daily for 21 days. Tumor volume was measured every 2 days, and tumors were collected for immunohistochemical analysis after euthanasia[3] |
| 毒性/毒理 (Toxicokinetics/TK) |
In vitro toxicity: Nefopam HCl (Fenazoxine) showed low cytotoxicity to normal human fibroblasts, with an IC50 of ~45 μM[3]
- In vivo toxicity: In animal experiments, doses up to 40 mg/kg (oral) or 10 mg/kg (intraperitoneal) for 4 weeks did not cause significant weight loss or abnormal changes in liver and kidney function indicators (ALT, AST, BUN, creatinine)[1][2][3] - Clinical-related side effects: The drug may cause mild adverse reactions such as nausea, dizziness, and dry mouth in clinical use, but no severe systemic toxicity was observed[1] |
| 参考文献 |
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| 其他信息 |
Nefopam Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of nefopam, a centrally-acting, non-opioid benzoxazocine with analgesic activity. The mechanism of action through which nefopam exerts its analgesic effects is, as of yet, largely unknown but may involve inhibition of serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake.
Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26) Nefopam HCl (Fenazoxine) is a central non-opioid analgesic clinically used for relieving postoperative pain, chronic pain, and neuropathic pain[1] - Its analgesic mechanism is related to inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, and regulating pain signal transmission in the central nervous system[1] - This is the first study to identify Nefopam HCl (Fenazoxine) as a modulator of the β-catenin signaling pathway, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for β-catenin-driven neoplastic and fibroproliferative disorders[3] - The drug can improve fracture healing in NF1-deficient mice by promoting osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts, expanding its clinical application potential beyond analgesia[2] |
| 分子式 |
C17H19NO.HCL
|
|---|---|
| 分子量 |
289.8
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| 精确质量 |
289.123
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| CAS号 |
23327-57-3
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| 相关CAS号 |
Nefopam-d3 hydrochloride;1346603-30-2;Nefopam;13669-70-0
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| PubChem CID |
155290
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| 外观&性状 |
White to off-white solid powder
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| 密度 |
1.064g/cm3
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| 沸点 |
369.5ºC at 760mmHg
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| 闪点 |
109ºC
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| 蒸汽压 |
1.18E-05mmHg at 25°C
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| LogP |
3.977
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| tPSA |
12.47
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| 氢键供体(HBD)数目 |
1
|
| 氢键受体(HBA)数目 |
2
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| 可旋转键数目(RBC) |
1
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| 重原子数目 |
20
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| 分子复杂度/Complexity |
274
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| 定义原子立体中心数目 |
0
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| InChi Key |
CNNVSINJDJNHQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C17H19NO.ClH/c1-18-11-12-19-17(14-7-3-2-4-8-14)16-10-6-5-9-15(16)13-18;/h2-10,17H,11-13H2,1H3;1H
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| 化学名 |
5-Methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine hydrochloride
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| 别名 |
Leoplexamin; Nefopam HCl; Nefopam hydrochloride; Fenazoxine hydrochloride; Lenipan; Oxadol; Pallopikeron, Brand name Acupan
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| 存储方式 |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month 注意: 请将本产品存放在密封且受保护的环境中,避免吸湿/受潮。 |
| 运输条件 |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| 溶解度 (体外实验) |
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| 溶解度 (体内实验) |
配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (4.31 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将100 μL 12.5 mg/mL澄清的DMSO储备液加入到400 μL PEG300中,混匀;再向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80,混匀;然后加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。 *生理盐水的制备:将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中,得到澄清溶液。 配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (4.31 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将 100 μL 12.5 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD生理盐水溶液中,混匀。 *20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备(4°C,1 周):将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中,得到澄清溶液。 View More
配方 3 中的溶解度: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (4.31 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 配方 4 中的溶解度: 25 mg/mL (86.27 mM) in PBS (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液; 超声助溶. 1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液)); 2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方): 10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline); 假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL; 3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例; 4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶; 5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用! 6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们; 7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。 |
| 制备储备液 | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.4507 mL | 17.2533 mL | 34.5066 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6901 mL | 3.4507 mL | 6.9013 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3451 mL | 1.7253 mL | 3.4507 mL |
1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;
2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;
3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);
4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。
计算结果:
工作液浓度: mg/mL;
DMSO母液配制方法: mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。
体内配方配制方法:取 μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。
(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
(2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。