| 规格 | 价格 | 库存 | 数量 |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| 5g |
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| 靶点 |
SGLT1; SGLT2; Microbial Metabolite; GLUT1; GLUT2
Phloretin-sensitive urea transporters (specifically, UT-A1 and UT-A3 isoforms expressed in the inner medullary collecting duct, IMCD). The literature uses Phloretin as an inhibitor to demonstrate the presence and function of these facilitated urea transporters. [4] |
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| 体外研究 (In Vitro) |
根皮素对 BEL-7402 细胞具有明显的细胞毒性,IC50 为 89.23 μM[2]。 根皮素 (40-160 μM;24 小时) 诱导 BEL-7402 细胞通过短路发生途径,暴露于根皮素的细胞表现出核染色质浓缩和荧光强度增加。在12 h达到caspase-9的高峰,分别在暴露后18和24 h发生caspase-6和caspase-3泄漏值[2]。(0-100 μM;24小时对)保湿的3T3-L1 脂肪细胞中脂肪形成的营养因子有影响,以死亡方式降低PPAR-γ、C/EBPα 和 C/EBPβ[3]。 Phloretin (0-100 μM;24小时)对保湿的3T3 -L1 脂肪细胞中的 AMPK 负载有影响,增加 PT 处理细胞中底物 ACC-1、AMPK 的磷酸化[3]。 细胞凋亡分析[2] Cell Line: BEL-7402 cell Concentration: 40-160 μM Incubation Time :24 小时 结果:诱导细胞凋亡并激活 caspase 3、6 和 9。蛋白质印迹分析[3] 细胞系:3T3-L1 脂肪细胞 浓度:0 μM、3 μM、10 μM、30 μM、100 μM 孵育时间:24结果:抑制 PPAR-γ、C/EBPα 和 C/EBPβ 表达。 Western Blot 分析[3] 细胞系:3T3-L1 脂肪细胞 浓度:0 μM、3 μM、10 μM、30 μM、100 μM 孵育时间:24 小时 结果:上调 p-ACC-1、p-AMPK、 p-AMPKα 和 β 。
在野生型小鼠离体灌流的肾内髓集合管中,向小管顶端和基底外侧同时添加0.25 mM的Phloretin(在0.1 nM精氨酸血管加压素存在的情况下),会导致尿素通透性显著降低。这种抑制作用证实了AVP刺激引起的尿素通透性增加是由phloretin敏感的尿素转运蛋白介导的。相反,在UT-A1/3-/-小鼠(缺乏UT-A1和UT-A3)的IMCD中,低的基础尿素通透性不受Phloretin抑制,表明这些特异性转运蛋白的缺失。 [4] 研究证实,Phloretin是IMCD中由UT-A1和UT-A3介导的、血管加压素调节的易化尿素转运的有效抑制剂。 [4] |
| 体内研究 (In Vivo) |
根皮素 (甲醇;50 或 100 mg/kg;每天一次) 降低爪组织中的氧化氢和丙二醛 (MDA) 和过氧化氢 (H2O2) 的水平,降低血清中抗胶原的功效[动物模型:胶原诱导的关节炎(CIA)小鼠[3] 剂量:50或100 mg/kg 给药方式:口服 结果:与传统药物相比,除了后肢炎症减轻外,还显示出RA临床症状的缓解。 3]。控制组。
当雄性Wistar大鼠食用含有根皮素的单次饲料(饮食中添加0.157%,提供22毫克根皮素当量)后,在摄食后4、10和24小时的血浆中检测到了未结合(苷元)形式的根皮素及其结合(葡萄糖醛酸化和/或硫酸化)代谢物。比较苷元与糖苷(根皮苷)给药时,吸收动力学不同;以苷元形式给予时,根皮素在血浆中出现得更快。然而,在摄食后10小时,两种形式的总血浆根皮素浓度(结合和未结合之和)无显著差异。到24小时,血浆浓度恢复到接近基线水平。 [3] 在非糖尿病大鼠中,与对照组相比,摄食含有根皮素(22毫克)的饲料后10小时测量,并未显著增加糖尿。 [3] |
| 细胞实验 |
细胞系:BEL-7402细胞
浓度:40-160 μM 孵育时间:24小时 结果:诱导细胞凋亡并激活caspase 3、6和9。 |
| 动物实验 |
Collagen-Induced Arthritis (CIA) Mice
50 or 100 mg/kg Oral adminstration Bioavailability Study in Rats: Male Wistar rats (~160 g) were housed individually in metabolic cages. After 14 days on a control diet, they were divided into groups and fed a single 20 g experimental meal. One group received the control diet supplemented with 0.157% Phloretin (providing 22 mg phloretin equivalents). Food intake was monitored. At 4, 10, and 24 hours after the start of the meal, groups of rats (n=6 per time point) were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (40 mg/kg body weight). Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta into heparinized tubes, and plasma was separated. Urine was collected over a 24-hour period. Plasma samples were acidified and stored at -20°C until analysis. [3] |
| 药代性质 (ADME/PK) |
Metabolism / Metabolites
Phloretin has known human metabolites that include Phloretin, 4p-hydroxy-glucuronide and Phloretin, 2p-hydroxy-glucuronide. Absorption: Phloretin was absorbed from the diet. When administered as the aglycone, it appeared in plasma more rapidly than when administered as its glucoside (phloridzin). Phloridzin was not detected intact in plasma, indicating hydrolysis (likely by lactase-phloridzin hydrolase, LPH) prior to absorption. [3] Plasma Metabolites: In the plasma of rats fed Phloretin, the compound was recovered mainly as conjugated forms (glucuronides and/or sulfates), accounting for 85-95% of total circulating phloretin at 4 hours. The remaining 5-15% was present as unconjugated Phloretin aglycone. No methoxylated forms were detected. [3] Plasma Concentrations: After feeding a meal containing Phloretin aglycone (0.157%), total plasma phloretin concentrations peaked at 4 hours (22.8 ± 2.8 µmol/L), declined by 10 hours, and returned to near baseline (4.8 ± 2.1 µmol/L) by 24 hours. [3] Excretion: The cumulative 24-hour urinary excretion of total phloretin (conjugated and unconjugated) after ingestion of a Phloretin-containing meal was 8.5 ± 0.9 µmol. This corresponded to approximately 10.4% of the ingested dose. [3] Elimination: The plasma concentration of phloretin metabolites decreased rapidly by 24 hours post-ingestion, suggesting efficient elimination primarily via urine, with limited enterolepatic cycling compared to some other flavonoids. [3] |
| 参考文献 | |
| 其他信息 |
Phloretin is a member of the class of dihydrochalcones that is dihydrochalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2', 4' and 6'. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. It is functionally related to a dihydrochalcone.
Phloretin is a natural dihydrochalcone found in apples and many other fruits. Phloretin has been reported in Malus, Boesenbergia rotunda, and other organisms with data available. A natural dihydrochalcone found in apples and many other fruits. Phloretin is identified in the literature as an inhibitor of facilitative urea transport. [4] Its application (0.25 mM) in the isolated perfused tubule assay was crucial for functionally distinguishing urea transport mediated by specific UT-A transporters from simple lipid-phase diffusion. [4] The study relies on the known pharmacological property of Phloretin to inhibit urea transporters, using it as a tool to validate the phenotype of UT-A1/3 knockout mice and to understand the physiology of the renal concentrating mechanism. [4] |
| 分子式 |
C15H14O5
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|---|---|
| 分子量 |
274.2687
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| 精确质量 |
274.084
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| 元素分析 |
C, 65.69; H, 5.15; O, 29.17
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| CAS号 |
60-82-2
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| PubChem CID |
4788
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| 外观&性状 |
Off-white to pink solid powder
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| 密度 |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| 沸点 |
534.4±29.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| 熔点 |
~260 °C
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| 闪点 |
291.1±20.8 °C
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| 蒸汽压 |
0.0±1.5 mmHg at 25°C
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| 折射率 |
1.685
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| LogP |
3.5
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| tPSA |
97.99
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| 氢键供体(HBD)数目 |
4
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| 氢键受体(HBA)数目 |
5
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| 可旋转键数目(RBC) |
4
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| 重原子数目 |
20
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| 分子复杂度/Complexity |
312
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| 定义原子立体中心数目 |
0
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| SMILES |
O=C(C1C(=C([H])C(=C([H])C=1O[H])O[H])O[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C=1[H])O[H]
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| InChi Key |
VGEREEWJJVICBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H14O5/c16-10-4-1-9(2-5-10)3-6-12(18)15-13(19)7-11(17)8-14(15)20/h1-2,4-5,7-8,16-17,19-20H,3,6H2
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| 化学名 |
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one
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| 别名 |
RJC 02792; NSC 407292; NSC-407292; NSC407292; RJC02792; RJC-02792; Phloretin
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| 存储方式 |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| 运输条件 |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| 溶解度 (体外实验) |
DMSO: 50~55 mg/mL (182.3~200.5 mM)
Ethanol: ~55 mg/mL |
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| 溶解度 (体内实验) |
配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.12 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入到400 μL PEG300中,混匀;然后向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80,混匀;加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。 *生理盐水的制备:将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中,得到澄清溶液。 配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.12 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD生理盐水溶液中,混匀。 *20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备(4°C,1 周):将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中,得到澄清溶液。 View More
配方 3 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.12 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 配方 4 中的溶解度: 5%DMSO + Corn oil: 0.45mg/ml (1.64mM) 1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液)); 2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方): 10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline); 假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL; 3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例; 4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶; 5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用! 6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们; 7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。 |
| 制备储备液 | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.6460 mL | 18.2302 mL | 36.4604 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7292 mL | 3.6460 mL | 7.2921 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3646 mL | 1.8230 mL | 3.6460 mL |
1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;
2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;
3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);
4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。
计算结果:
工作液浓度: mg/mL;
DMSO母液配制方法: mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。
体内配方配制方法:取 μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。
(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
(2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。
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