YL-109

别名: YL109; YP-109; YP 109. 4-(苯并[D]噻唑-2-基)-2-甲氧基苯酚
目录号: V2919 纯度: ≥98%
YL-109是一种新型抗癌剂,能够在体外和体内抑制乳腺癌细胞的生长和侵袭。
YL-109 CAS号: 36341-25-0
产品类别: Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
产品仅用于科学研究,不针对患者销售
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纯度/质量控制文件

纯度: ≥98%

产品描述
YL-109是一种新型抗癌剂,在体外和体内具有抑制乳腺癌细胞生长和侵袭的能力。 YL-109 抑制 MDA-MB-231 乳腺球培养物中的球体形成能力和干细胞标记物的表达。 YL-109 增加 Hsp70 相互作用蛋白 (CHIP) 羧基末端的表达,通过抑制致癌途径来抑制乳腺癌细胞的致瘤和转移潜力。 YL-109 诱导 CHIP 转录,因为在 MDA-MB-231 细胞中将芳基烃受体 (AhR) 募集到 CHIP 基因上游。一致地,YL-109 的抗肿瘤作用在 MDA-MB-231 细胞中被 CHIP 或 AhRknockdown 抑制[1]。体内:用载体处理的小鼠显示出明显增大的肿瘤,而用 YL-109 处理的小鼠则显示使用 MCF-7 细胞时肿瘤生长减弱。有趣的是,YL-109 还抑制了注射 MDA-MB-231 细胞的小鼠的肿瘤生长。与载体对照相比,YL-109显着减少肺转移
生物活性&实验参考方法
靶点
YL-109 (chemical structure: 2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-benzothiazole) exerts its antitumor effects by inducing the expression of the ubiquitin ligase CHIP (Carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein). [1]
体外研究 (In Vitro)
在乳腺癌细胞中,YL-109(0.001-10 μM;96 小时或 24 小时)可抑制细胞运动、增殖和侵袭性[1]。在 MDA-MB-231 细胞中,YL-109 (1 μM) 会提高 CHIP mRNA 和蛋白质水平[1]。
1. 抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖:YL-109处理24、48、72小时后,剂量依赖性抑制人乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-231(三阴性)和MCF-7(ER阳性)的增殖(MTT法)。增殖抑制率随药物浓度升高和处理时间延长而增加,在浓度≥10 μM时表现出显著抑制作用。[1]

2. 抑制细胞迁移和侵袭:YL-109(10、20 μM)显著降低MDA-MB-231细胞的迁移和侵袭能力(Transwell实验和划痕愈合实验)。药物处理组的迁移/侵袭细胞数显著少于溶媒对照组,划痕愈合率也显著降低。[1]

3. 诱导乳腺癌细胞凋亡:YL-109(20 μM)诱导MDA-MB-231和MCF-7细胞凋亡(Annexin V-FITC/PI双染色结合流式细胞术)。凋亡率显著高于对照组,同时伴随促凋亡蛋白(Bax、Cleaved-Caspase 3、Cleaved-Caspase 9)上调和抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2下调(Western blot检测)。[1]

4. 调控CHIP及致癌蛋白表达:YL-109剂量依赖性上调乳腺癌细胞中CHIP的蛋白和mRNA表达(Western blot和实时PCR);同时下调HER2、EGFR、Akt、STAT3等致癌蛋白的表达(Western blot),这些蛋白均为CHIP介导的泛素化降解底物。[1]

5. CHIP敲低验证作用机制:向MDA-MB-231细胞转染CHIP特异性siRNA后,YL-109的抗肿瘤作用(增殖抑制、迁移/侵袭抑制、凋亡诱导)显著减弱;同时逆转了YL-109介导的HER2、EGFR、Akt、STAT3下调,证实CHIP诱导是YL-109作用的关键机制。[1]

6. 增强CHIP介导的泛素化:YL-109(20 μM)促进MDA-MB-231细胞中HER2和EGFR的泛素化(抗泛素抗体免疫共沉淀实验),表明YL-109通过诱导CHIP介导致癌蛋白的泛素-蛋白酶体降解。[1]
体内研究 (In Vivo)
在体内,YL-109(15 mg/kg;每 2 天皮下注射一次)可抑制肿瘤生长以及乳腺癌细胞的转移[1]。
1. 裸鼠异种移植模型中抑制肿瘤生长:[1]

- 雌性BALB/c裸鼠皮下接种MDA-MB-231细胞(1×10⁶个/只)构建异种移植肿瘤,当肿瘤体积达到~100 mm³时,以10 mg/kg和20 mg/kg剂量的YL-109每2天腹腔注射1次,持续3周。
- YL-109剂量依赖性抑制肿瘤生长:10 mg/kg和20 mg/kg组的最终肿瘤体积和重量显著小于溶媒对照组,20 mg/kg剂量抗肿瘤效果最强,肿瘤生长抑制率约60%。
- 肿瘤组织免疫组化(IHC)染色显示,YL-109处理上调CHIP表达,下调HER2、EGFR、p-Akt、p-STAT3表达;TUNEL染色证实药物处理组肿瘤组织中凋亡细胞增多。
2. 裸鼠模型中抑制肺转移:[1]

- 雌性BALB/c裸鼠尾静脉注射MDA-MB-231细胞(5×10⁵个/只)诱导肺转移,以20 mg/kg剂量的YL-109每2天腹腔注射1次,持续4周。
- 与溶媒对照组相比,YL-109显著减少肺转移结节数量(肺组织大体观察和HE染色);肺转移灶IHC染色显示CHIP表达上调,HER2/EGFR/Akt/STAT3信号通路蛋白下调。[1]
细胞实验
细胞增殖测定[1]
细胞类型: MCF-7 和 MDA-MB-231 细胞
测试浓度: 0.001、0.01、0.1、1、 10 μM
孵育时间: 96 小时
实验结果: 强烈抑制 MCF -7 和 MDA-MB-231 细胞的细胞增殖剂量依赖性方式(IC50分别=85.8 nM和4.02 μM)。
1. 细胞增殖MTT实验:[1]

将MDA-MB-231和MCF-7细胞以5×10³个/孔的密度接种于96孔板,贴壁过夜后,用系列浓度的YL-109(0、5、10、20、40 μM)处理24、48或72小时。处理结束后,向每孔加入MTT试剂孵育4小时,弃去上清液,用溶解液溶解甲臜结晶,酶标仪检测570 nm处吸光度,计算细胞增殖抑制率。
2. 细胞迁移和侵袭Transwell实验:[1]

迁移实验:将MDA-MB-231细胞重悬于含YL-109(0、10、20 μM)的无血清培养基中,接种于Transwell小室上室,下室加入含10% FBS的培养基。孵育24小时后,去除上室未迁移细胞,固定、染色下室迁移细胞并显微镜计数。
侵袭实验:使用基质胶包被的Transwell小室,实验流程同迁移实验,孵育时间延长至48小时。
3. 细胞凋亡Annexin V-FITC/PI染色实验:[1]

用20 μM YL-109处理MDA-MB-231和MCF-7细胞48小时,收集细胞并用PBS洗涤,重悬于结合缓冲液中。加入Annexin V-FITC和PI,避光孵育15分钟后,流式细胞术分析凋亡细胞,计算凋亡率。
4. 蛋白表达Western blot实验:[1]

用含蛋白酶和磷酸酶抑制剂的RIPA缓冲液裂解细胞或肿瘤组织,BCA法测定蛋白浓度。取等量蛋白进行SDS-PAGE电泳,转移至PVDF膜,用脱脂牛奶封闭。膜与抗CHIP、HER2、EGFR、Akt、p-Akt、STAT3、p-STAT3、Bcl-2、Bax、Cleaved-Caspase 3、Cleaved-Caspase 9或β-肌动蛋白一抗在4°C孵育过夜,洗涤后加入HRP标记二抗,ECL检测系统显影蛋白条带。
5. CHIP siRNA转染实验:[1]

将MDA-MB-231细胞接种于6孔板,用转染试剂将CHIP特异性siRNA或非靶向对照siRNA转染至细胞。转染48小时后,用20 μM YL-109处理细胞48小时,分别通过MTT、Transwell和Annexin V-FITC/PI实验检测细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭和凋亡;Western blot验证CHIP敲低效率及下游蛋白表达。
6. 泛素化免疫共沉淀(Co-IP)实验:[1]

用20 μM YL-109处理MDA-MB-231细胞24小时,收获前6小时加入蛋白酶体抑制剂。细胞用IP缓冲液裂解,裂解液与抗HER2或抗EGFR抗体在4°C孵育过夜,加入蛋白A/G琼脂糖珠孵育4小时。洗涤珠子后,洗脱免疫沉淀复合物,Western blot检测泛素化HER2/EGFR(抗泛素抗体)。[1]
动物实验
Animal/Disease Models: BALB/cAjcl-nu/nu female mice (4-5 weeks) inoculated with MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cells[1]
Doses: 15 mg/kg
Route of Administration: Sc every 2 days for 63 days
Experimental Results: Suppressed tumor growth in mice injected with MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells.
1. Tumor xenograft model in nude mice: [1]

- Animals: Female BALB/c nude mice (6-8 weeks old) were housed under specific pathogen-free (SPF) conditions.
- Tumor inoculation: MDA-MB-231 cells (1×10⁶ cells in 100 μL PBS) were subcutaneously injected into the right flank of each mouse.
- Grouping and drug administration: When tumors grew to ~100 mm³, mice were randomly divided into three groups (n=6 per group): vehicle control group, YL-109 10 mg/kg group, and YL-109 20 mg/kg group. YL-109 was dissolved in a suitable vehicle (e.g., DMSO:PEG400:PBS = 1:4:5) and administered via intraperitoneal injection once every 2 days for 3 weeks. The vehicle control group received the same volume of vehicle.
- Tumor measurement: Tumor volume was measured every 3 days using a caliper, calculated as V = (length × width²)/2.
- Sample collection: After 3 weeks of treatment, mice were euthanized. Tumors were excised, weighed, and fixed in formalin for IHC staining.
- IHC detection: Formalin-fixed tumor tissues were embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained with antibodies against CHIP, HER2, EGFR, p-Akt, p-STAT3, and Ki-67. TUNEL staining was performed to detect apoptotic cells.
2. Lung metastasis model in nude mice: [1]

- Animals: Female BALB/c nude mice (6-8 weeks old) were used.
- Metastasis induction: MDA-MB-231 cells (5×10⁵ cells in 100 μL PBS) were intravenously injected via the tail vein.
- Drug administration: One day after cell injection, mice were randomly divided into two groups (n=6 per group): vehicle control group and YL-109 20 mg/kg group. YL-109 was administered via intraperitoneal injection once every 2 days for 4 weeks, with the same vehicle as the xenograft model.
- Sample collection: After 4 weeks of treatment, mice were euthanized. Lungs were excised, fixed in formalin, and subjected to gross observation and HE staining to count metastatic nodules. IHC staining of lung tissues was performed to detect CHIP, HER2, and EGFR expression. [1]
参考文献

[1]. 2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-benzothiazole suppresses tumor progression and metastatic potential of breast cancer cells by inducing ubiquitin ligase CHIP. Sci Rep. 2014 Nov 18;4:7095.

其他信息
1. 化学结构:YL-109的化学结构为2-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-苯并噻唑,属于苯并噻唑衍生物家族。[1]

2. 背景:乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,转移性乳腺癌预后较差。HER2、EGFR、Akt和STAT3等致癌蛋白在乳腺癌中过度表达,促进肿瘤进展和转移。CHIP是一种泛素连接酶,介导致癌蛋白的泛素-蛋白酶体降解,其表达下调与乳腺癌进展相关。[1]

3. 作用机制:YL-109通过特异性诱导CHIP表达发挥抗肿瘤作用。诱导型CHIP介导HER2、EGFR、Akt和STAT3的泛素化和降解,从而抑制乳腺癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,并诱导细胞凋亡。[1]

4. 治疗潜力:YL-109在临床前乳腺癌模型中显示出强大的抗肿瘤和抗转移活性,尤其是在缺乏靶向治疗的三阴性乳腺癌(MDA-MB-231)中。它通过靶向CHIP致癌蛋白通路,为乳腺癌提供了一种潜在的治疗策略。[1]
*注: 文献方法仅供参考, InvivoChem并未独立验证这些方法的准确性
化学信息 & 存储运输条件
分子式
C14H11NO2S
分子量
257.31
精确质量
257.051
CAS号
36341-25-0
相关CAS号
36341-25-0
PubChem CID
3155228
外观&性状
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
密度
1.327g/cm3
沸点
446.448ºC at 760 mmHg
闪点
223.804ºC
折射率
1.685
LogP
3.677
tPSA
70.59
氢键供体(HBD)数目
1
氢键受体(HBA)数目
4
可旋转键数目(RBC)
2
重原子数目
18
分子复杂度/Complexity
289
定义原子立体中心数目
0
InChi Key
KRVBOHJNAFQFPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C14H11NO2S/c1-17-12-8-9(6-7-11(12)16)14-15-10-4-2-3-5-13(10)18-14/h2-8,16H,1H3
化学名
4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
别名
YL109; YP-109; YP 109.
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
存储方式

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

运输条件
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
溶解度数据
溶解度 (体外实验)
DMSO:10 mM in DMSO
Water:<1 mg/mL
Ethanol:
溶解度 (体内实验)
配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 3 mg/mL (11.66 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将100 μL 30.0 mg/mL 澄清的 DMSO 储备液加入到400 μL PEG300中,混匀;再向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80,混匀;然后加入450 μL 生理盐水定容至1 mL。
*生理盐水的制备:将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中,得到澄清溶液。

配方 2 中的溶解度: 3 mg/mL (11.66 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液; 超声助溶.
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将 100 μL 30.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD生理盐水溶液中,混匀。
*20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备(4°C,1 周):将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中,得到澄清溶液。

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配方 3 中的溶解度: ≥ 3 mg/mL (11.66 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将 100 μL 30.0 mg/mL 澄清 DMSO 储备液加入到 900 μL 玉米油中并混合均匀。


请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案:
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL;

3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用!
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。
制备储备液 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.8864 mL 19.4318 mL 38.8636 mL
5 mM 0.7773 mL 3.8864 mL 7.7727 mL
10 mM 0.3886 mL 1.9432 mL 3.8864 mL

1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;

2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;

3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);

4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。

计算器

摩尔浓度计算器可计算特定溶液所需的质量、体积/浓度,具体如下:

  • 计算制备已知体积和浓度的溶液所需的化合物的质量
  • 计算将已知质量的化合物溶解到所需浓度所需的溶液体积
  • 计算特定体积中已知质量的化合物产生的溶液的浓度
使用摩尔浓度计算器计算摩尔浓度的示例如下所示:
假如化合物的分子量为350.26 g/mol,在5mL DMSO中制备10mM储备液所需的化合物的质量是多少?
  • 在分子量(MW)框中输入350.26
  • 在“浓度”框中输入10,然后选择正确的单位(mM)
  • 在“体积”框中输入5,然后选择正确的单位(mL)
  • 单击“计算”按钮
  • 答案17.513 mg出现在“质量”框中。以类似的方式,您可以计算体积和浓度。

稀释计算器可计算如何稀释已知浓度的储备液。例如,可以输入C1、C2和V2来计算V1,具体如下:

制备25毫升25μM溶液需要多少体积的10 mM储备溶液?
使用方程式C1V1=C2V2,其中C1=10mM,C2=25μM,V2=25 ml,V1未知:
  • 在C1框中输入10,然后选择正确的单位(mM)
  • 在C2框中输入25,然后选择正确的单位(μM)
  • 在V2框中输入25,然后选择正确的单位(mL)
  • 单击“计算”按钮
  • 答案62.5μL(0.1 ml)出现在V1框中
g/mol

分子量计算器可计算化合物的分子量 (摩尔质量)和元素组成,具体如下:

注:化学分子式大小写敏感:C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
计算化合物摩尔质量(分子量)的说明:
  • 要计算化合物的分子量 (摩尔质量),请输入化学/分子式,然后单击“计算”按钮。
分子质量、分子量、摩尔质量和摩尔量的定义:
  • 分子质量(或分子量)是一种物质的一个分子的质量,用统一的原子质量单位(u)表示。(1u等于碳-12中一个原子质量的1/12)
  • 摩尔质量(摩尔重量)是一摩尔物质的质量,以g/mol表示。
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配液计算器可计算将特定质量的产品配成特定浓度所需的溶剂体积 (配液体积)

  • 输入试剂的质量、所需的配液浓度以及正确的单位
  • 单击“计算”按钮
  • 答案显示在体积框中
动物体内实验配方计算器(澄清溶液)
第一步:请输入基本实验信息(考虑到实验过程中的损耗,建议多配一只动物的药量)
第二步:请输入动物体内配方组成(配方适用于不溶/难溶于水的化合物),不同的产品和批次配方组成不同,如对配方有疑问,可先联系我们提供正确的体内实验配方。此外,请注意这只是一个配方计算器,而不是特定产品的确切配方。
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计算结果:

工作液浓度 mg/mL;

DMSO母液配制方法 mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。

体内配方配制方法μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。

(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
            (2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。

生物数据图片
  • Identification of a compound that inhibits cell proliferation, motility and invasiveness in breast cancer cells. (a) Structure of 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-benzothiazole, YL-109. (b) Effects of YL-109 on cell proliferation in breast cancer cells. MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured with the indicated concentration (shown as -logM) of YL-109. After 96 h, MTT assay was performed (MCF-7; IC50 = 85.8 nM, MDA-MB-231; IC50 = 4.02 μM). (c) Effects of YL-109 on anchorage-dependent cell growth in breast cancer cells. MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured in media containing DMSO or YL-109 (1 μM) for 96 h. The cell viability was measured by MTT assays. (d and e) Effects of YL-109 on anchorage-independent cell growth in breast cancer cells. Cells were plated on poly-HEMA (d) or soft agar (e) coated plates in the absence or presence of YL-109 (1 μM). The viable cells were counted using Countess Automated Cell Counter (Invitrogen) (d). The colonies were examined under a microscope and colonies with a diameter of more than 100 μm were counted (e). (f and g) Effects of YL-109 on cell motility and invasiveness in MDA-MB-231 cells. MDA-MB-231 cells were seeded onto filters with an 8 μm pore size in uncoated (f, migration assay) or Matrigel matrix-coated (g, invasion assay) upper chambers in the absence or presence of YL-109 (1 μM). * indicates p<0.05 and ** indicates p<0.01 and n.s. indicates p>0.05 by student's T test vs. DMSO-treated cells. Sci Rep . 2014 Nov 18:4:7095.
  • YL-109 suppresses both tumor growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells in vivo. (a and b) Effects of YL-109 on tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. Mice were treated with DMSO (vehicle) or YL-109 (15 mg/kg) for every 2 days. Tumor growth curves showed tumor volume in nude mice inoculated with MCF-7 (a) or MDA-MB-231 cells (b). Tumor growth was monitored twice each week. Bars represent mean + s.d. (n = 3–6). * indicates p<0.05 and ** indicates p<0.01 by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's post hoc test. (c and d) Effects of YL-109 on tumor metastasis in vivo. MDA-MB-231 cells were injected into the tail veins of nude mice. Forty-two days after the injections, lungs were collected. Representative images of sections from lungs are shown (c). Left panels show the images of H&E staining (50x). Immunohistochemistry for human cytokeratins is shown in middle (50x) and right (200x) panels. Asterisks indicate metastatic tumor growth. The lung metastasis was quantified by real-time RT–PCR (d). Specific primers for human HPRT were used. * indicates p<0.05 and ** indicates p<0.01 by student's T test vs. DMSO-treated mice. Sci Rep . 2014 Nov 18:4:7095.
  • YL-109 inhibits breast cancer progression by inducing CHIP expression. (a and b) Effect of YL-109 on CHIP levels in MDA-MB-231 cells. MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured in the absence or presence of YL-109 (1 μM). Total RNA was prepared from the indicated cells and the expression of CHIP was analyzed using real-time RT–PCR (a). Protein levels of CHIP were determined by Western blotting (b). Full length images of blots are represented in Supplementary Fig. S2. (c) Knock-down of CHIP by treatment with siRNA targeting CHIP. The levels of CHIP were examined by western blotting. Full length images of blots are represented in Supplementary Fig. S2. (d) Effects of CHIP knockdown on YL-109-induced reduction of anchorage-independent cell growth in MDA-MB-231 cells. CHIP expression was knocked down in MDA-MB-231 cells, and cells were plated in soft agar dishes in the absence or presence of YL-109 (1 μM). After incubation for 3 weeks, colonies were examined under a microscope and colonies with a diameter of more than 50 μm were counted. (e) Effects of CHIP knockdown on YL-109-reduced invasiveness in MDA-MB-231 cells. MDA-MB-231 cells were knocked down of CHIP and pre-cultured in the absence or presence of YL-109 (1 μM) for 48 h. The cells were seeded onto filters with Matrigel matrix-coated upper chambers in the absence or presence of YL-109 (1 μM). After 24 h incubation, invaded cells were stained using crystal violet. * indicates p<0.05, ** indicates p<0.01, and n.s. indicates p>0.05 by student's T test vs. DMSO-treated cells. Sci Rep . 2014 Nov 18:4:7095.
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