Allopurinol

别名: 别嘌呤醇; 4-羟基吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶; 1H-吡唑(3,4-D)并嘧啶-4-醇; 4-羟基吡唑-(3,4-D)吡唑; 别嘌呤; 别嘌醇;4-羟基吡唑[3,4-D]嘧啶;痛风宁;1H-吡唑并[3, 4-D]嘧啶-醇;赛洛克,ZTKIRUC;异嘌呤醇,ISOPURINOL;别嘌呤(别嘌呤醇);Allopurinol 别嘌呤醇;别嘌醇 USP标准品;别嘌醇 标准品; 别嘌醇,Allopurinol; 别嘌呤醇 EP标准品; 异嘌呤醇; 1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4(5H)-酮; 1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-醇; 4-羟基吡唑并嘧啶; 别嘌呤醇,医药级,纯度:>99%
目录号: V7384 纯度: ≥98%
别嘌呤醇是一种有效的口服生物活性黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂(拮抗剂),IC50 为 0.2-50 μM。
Allopurinol CAS号: 315-30-0
产品类别: New1
产品仅用于科学研究,不针对患者销售
规格 价格 库存 数量
500mg
5g
10g
Other Sizes

Other Forms of Allopurinol:

  • 别嘌醇钠
  • 别嘌呤醇D2
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InvivoChem产品被CNS等顶刊论文引用
产品描述
别嘌醇是一种强效的口服生物活性黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂(拮抗剂),IC50 为 0.2-50 μM。别嘌醇用于研究高尿酸血症和痛风。别嘌醇可降低 HIF-1α 和 HIF-2α 蛋白的表达。别嘌醇具有抗抑郁和镇痛活性。别嘌醇还具有抗利什曼原虫活性。
别嘌醇是一种典型的黄嘌呤氧化酶 (XO) 抑制剂,化学名称为 1,5-二氢-4H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-酮。它由 Burroughs Wellcome 公司发现,并于 1966 年获得 FDA 批准用于治疗痛风和高尿酸血症。别嘌醇在体内迅速氧化为其活性代谢物氧嘌呤醇。除了传统用途外,别嘌醇还显示出对各种缺血性和血管性损伤、炎症性疾病和慢性心力衰竭的有益作用,尽管有些作用可能与黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制无关。[1]
生物活性&实验参考方法
靶点
Xanthine oxidase (XO) - IC50 = 0.2 to 50 µM (reported as a relatively weak XO inhibitor in vitro assays). [1]
体外研究 (In Vitro)
在HFF和HUVEC细胞中,别嘌醇(0、10、100和1000 µg/ml;17小时)可降低HIF-1α和HIF-2α蛋白的表达[5]。在24小时内,别嘌醇(0、10、100或1000 µg/ml)可减弱HUVEC细胞的血管生成特性[5]。
别嘌醇及其代谢产物氧嘌呤醇具有直接清除自由基、螯合铜、清除超氧化物、抑制脂质过氧化、增强Ca²⁺敏感性等作用,并影响细胞内热休克因子的表达和抗氧化状态。[1]
体内研究 (In Vivo)
在小鼠中,别嘌醇(39 mg/kg;口服;每日一次,持续21天)表现出抗抑郁作用[3]。在小鼠中,别嘌醇(10–400 mg/kg;腹腔注射)具有镇痛作用[4]。在大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注(I/R)模型中,别嘌醇可减少再灌注诱发的心律失常并缩小梗死面积(Manning等,1984);改善缺血后功能并提高ATP水平(Lasley等,1988);减轻异丙肾上腺素诱导的心肌梗死损伤(Wexler和McMurtry,1981)。在兔I/R模型中,别嘌醇可减少再灌注心律失常并保护心肌免受超微结构损伤(Godin等,1986)。在犬模型中,别嘌醇可缩小梗死面积(Chambers等,1985;Werns等,1986)并改善左心室功能(Stewart等,1985),但也有研究发现其并未缩小梗死面积(Reimer和Jennings,1985;Kinsman等,1988)。在人类冠状动脉旁路移植术中,别嘌醇可降低住院死亡率并提高心脏指数(Johnson等,1991);减少心律失常、正性肌力药物的使用以及围手术期心肌梗死的发生(Rashid和William-Olsson,1991);改善术后恢复并降低脂质过氧化水平(Coghlan等,1994);但也有研究未能证实其具有心脏保护作用(Taggart等,1994;Yamazaki等,1995)。 [1]
在脑缺血中,别嘌醇预处理可减少大鼠永久性大脑中动脉闭塞的梗死面积(Martz等,1989);可减轻新生大鼠和羔羊的脑水肿和围产期缺氧缺血性脑损伤(Palmer等,1990,1993;Shadid等,1998)。在严重窒息的婴儿中,别嘌醇倾向于提高生存率,并对自由基的生成和脑血流量产生有益影响(Van Bel等,1998)。 [1]
在内脏缺血再灌注损伤中,别嘌醇可减少大鼠的中性粒细胞浸润、细菌移位、黏膜损伤和死亡率(Grisham等,1986;Deitsch等,1988;Vaughan等,1992;Megison等,1990)。在猫中,别嘌醇可减轻坏死和血管通透性(Parks等,1982;Granger等,1986)。 [1]
在肝脏和肾脏缺血/再灌注损伤中,别嘌醇改善了形态和功能,减少了肝酶释放、脂质过氧化和核因子-κB活化(Linas等,1990;Hestin和Johns,1999;Rhoden等,2000b;Matsui等,2000)。别嘌醇是威斯康星大学器官保存液的成分之一。[1]
在慢性心力衰竭(CHF)中,别嘌醇使小鼠缺血后心肌病的存活率提高了一倍,并改善了心肌收缩力(Stull等,2004);改善了大鼠的左心室血流动力学并预防了心肌重塑(Mellin等,2005)。在起搏诱发充血性心力衰竭(CHF)的犬模型中,别嘌醇可降低心肌耗氧量并提高机械效率(Ekelund等,1999;Saavedra等,2002)。在人类CHF模型中,别嘌醇可改善内皮功能(Doehner等,2002;Farquharson等,2002);高剂量治疗可提高生存率(Struthers等,2002),但一项使用氧嘌呤醇的大型多中心试验未能显示出显著益处(Cardiome Pharma)。[1] 在血管疾病中,别嘌醇可改善高胆固醇血症兔的内皮依赖性血管舒张(Ohara等,1993;White等,1996);降低自发性高血压大鼠的血压(Nakazono等,1991)。别嘌醇可预防自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)的高血压诱导的左心室和肾脏肥大(Laakso等,1998,2004);改善伴有轻度高血压的2型糖尿病患者的内皮功能(Butler等,2000)。[1] 在其他情况下,别嘌醇可降低1型糖尿病患者的氧化应激(Desco等,2002);并可预防辐射、乙醇、可卡因和对乙酰氨基酚引起的肝损伤(尽管某些作用可能是抗氧化作用而非黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制作用)。[1]
细胞实验
Western Blot 分析[5]
细胞类型: HFF、HUVEC 细胞
测试浓度: 0、10、100、1000 µg/ml
孵育时间: 17 小时
实验结果: HIF-1α 和 HIF-2α 蛋白表达呈剂量依赖性降低。
动物实验
动物/疾病模型: 20-30 g,雄性瑞士白化小鼠[3]
剂量: 39 mg/kg
给药途径: 口服;每日一次,持续21天
实验结果: 强迫游泳试验中不动时间减少,不动时间为129.8± 10.5秒。

动物/疾病模型: 30-40 g,成年雄性瑞士白化小鼠[4]
剂量: 10、50、100、200、400 mg/kg
给药途径: 腹腔注射
实验结果: 甩尾和热刺激的剂量依赖性;性镇痛作用。
小鼠腹腔注射:别嘌醇溶于10%吐温溶液。小鼠接受腹腔注射溶剂(10%吐温)或别嘌醇,剂量分别为10、50、100、200或400 mg/kg,注射体积为10 mL/kg。在行为测试前 20-30 分钟进行处理 [4]。
拮抗剂预处理方案:部分动物在给予别嘌醇前 15 分钟预先腹腔注射咖啡因 (30 mg/kg)、DPCPX (0.1 mg/kg)、SCH58261 (0.5 mg/kg) 或纳洛酮 (1 mg/kg) [4]。
辣椒素诱导的伤害性感受测试:腹腔注射处理 30 分钟后,在小鼠右后爪足底皮下注射 20 μL 辣椒素(每爪 1.6 μg)。观察小鼠 5 分钟,并记录舔舐注射爪的时间 [4]。
谷氨酸诱导的伤害性感受测试:腹腔注射处理 30 分钟后,在小鼠足底注射 20 μL 谷氨酸溶液(每爪 10 μmol)。观察小鼠 15 分钟并记录舔舐时间 [4]。
甩尾试验:治疗前测量基线甩尾潜伏期。腹腔注射给药 30 分钟后,使用甩尾试验装置对小鼠进行测试(光源聚焦于尾尖前方 2.3 cm 处;截止时间为 10 秒)。数据以最大可能效应百分比 (MPE) 表示 [4]。
热板试验:热板装置维持在 55 ± 0.5°C。治疗前测量基线潜伏期。腹腔注射给药 30 分钟后,记录反应潜伏期(舔舐后爪或跳跃),截止时间为 20 秒。数据以最大可能效应百分比 (MPE) 表示 [4]。
穿孔板试验:腹腔注射给药 30 分钟后,将每只小鼠置于穿孔板装置(40×40 cm,16 个孔)的中心。记录小鼠5分钟内的头部探入次数、穿越次数、站立次数、梳理毛发次数、排便次数以及开始运动的潜伏期[4]。
转棒试验:训练小鼠在旋转杆(18 rpm)上保持120秒。腹腔注射给药30分钟后,记录小鼠跌落潜伏期(最长60秒)[4]。
自发运动活性试验:配备三个平行光电管的活动笼自动记录小鼠在腹腔注射给药30分钟后的15分钟内的穿越次数[4]。
戊巴比妥睡眠时间试验:预先腹腔注射别嘌醇(50、100或200 mg/kg)或载体(提前30分钟)的小鼠接受戊巴比妥钠(30 mg/kg)腹腔注射。记录睡眠时间(翻正反射消失至恢复的时间)[4]。
直肠温度测量:在给予别嘌醇(50、100 或 200 mg/kg)或载体处理前及处理后 30 分钟,使用柔性探针测量直肠温度[4]。
脑脊液 (CSF) 取样:小鼠接受别嘌醇(200 mg/kg,腹腔注射)或载体处理。30 分钟后,用硫喷妥钠(60 mg/kg,腹腔注射)麻醉小鼠,并将其固定于立体定位仪上。使用胰岛素注射器直接穿刺枕大池抽取脑脊液(每只小鼠 10-20 μL)。样品以 10,000×g 离心 5 分钟,得到无细胞上清液,并储存于 -70°C 直至进行 HPLC 分析 [4]。
HPLC 程序:在 C18 色谱柱上测定嘌呤(ATP、ADP、AMP、腺苷、GTP、GDP、GMP、鸟苷、IMP、肌苷、次黄嘌呤、黄嘌呤、尿酸),流动相流速为 1.2 mL/min,柱温为 24°C,紫外检测波长为 254 nm [4]。
药代性质 (ADME/PK)
吸收、分布和排泄
该药物在胃肠道的吸收率约为90%。别嘌醇和氧嘌醇的血浆峰浓度通常分别在给药后1.5小时和4.5小时出现。口服300 mg别嘌醇后,测得别嘌醇和氧嘌醇的血浆峰浓度分别约为3 μg/mL和6.5 μg/mL。口服的别嘌醇约80%以各种代谢物的形式经尿液排出。约20%经粪便排出。别嘌醇和氧嘌呤醇均为黄嘌呤氧化酶的底物,黄嘌呤氧化酶是一种存在于毛细血管(包括肝窦)内皮细胞胞质中的酶,在肝脏和肠道内壁的活性最高。目前尚未报道人体组织中别嘌醇的浓度,但据推测,别嘌醇及其代谢物氧嘌呤醇在这些组织中的浓度最高。动物研究表明,别嘌醇在血液、肝脏、肠道和心脏中的浓度最高,在脑和肺组织中的浓度最低。由于别嘌醇及其代谢物主要经肾脏排泄,因此肾功能不全或肾衰竭患者可能出现药物蓄积;故应减少别嘌醇的剂量。当肌酐清除率为10~20 mL/min时,每日服用200 mg别嘌醇较为合适。当肌酐清除率低于 10 mL/min 时,每日剂量不应超过 100 mg。严重肾功能损害(肌酐清除率低于 3 mL/min)时,可能需要延长给药间隔。口服后,约 80-90% 的别嘌醇剂量经胃肠道吸收。血浆峰浓度通常在给药后 2-6 小时达到。别嘌醇栓剂(可可脂或聚乙二醇基质)直肠给药时吸收不良。直肠给药后,别嘌醇或氧嘌呤醇的血浆浓度极低或无法检测。在一项研究中,健康成年男性单次口服100或300毫克别嘌醇后,血浆别嘌醇峰浓度分别在1-2小时内达到约0.5或1.4微克/毫升,而氧嘌呤醇(别嘌醇的活性代谢物)峰浓度分别在3-4小时内达到约2.4和6.4微克/毫升。在同一项研究中,单次静脉输注100毫克或300毫克别嘌醇(钠盐形式)后,血浆别嘌醇峰浓度分别在约30分钟内达到约1.6微克/毫升和5.1微克/毫升;而氧嘌呤醇峰浓度分别在约4小时内达到约2.2微克/毫升和6.2微克/毫升。在六名健康男性和女性受试者中,静脉注射别嘌醇后,别嘌醇主要通过氧化代谢迅速从体循环中清除为氧嘌呤醇,给药后5小时未检测到血浆别嘌醇浓度。静脉注射的别嘌醇约12%以原形排出,76%以氧嘌呤形式排出,其余部分以核苷结合物的形式经尿液排出。重复给药后,别嘌醇快速转化为氧嘌呤的速率无显著差异。……氧嘌呤主要以原形经肾小球滤过和肾小管重吸收经尿液排出,净肾清除率约为30 mL/min。有关别嘌醇吸收、分布和排泄的更完整数据(共13项),请访问HSDB记录页面。代谢/代谢物 别嘌醇迅速代谢为相应的黄嘌呤类似物氧嘌呤(别嘌呤),后者也是黄嘌呤氧化酶的抑制剂。别嘌醇和氧嘌呤均能抑制该酶的活性。别嘌醇和氧嘌呤也可通过嘌呤补救途径转化为各自的核糖核苷酸。迄今为止,这些核糖核苷酸与别嘌醇在人体内降低尿酸的作用机制尚未完全阐明。这些代谢物可能通过抑制氨基磷酸核糖转移酶来抑制嘌呤的从头合成。尚未发现这些核糖核苷酸掺入DNA。别嘌醇和别嘌醇钠经黄嘌呤氧化酶迅速代谢为具有药理活性的氧嘌呤醇。多次给药似乎不会显著影响别嘌醇快速代谢为氧嘌呤醇的过程。口服别嘌醇和静脉注射别嘌醇钠后,氧嘌呤醇的药代动力学参数(例如,AUC、血浆消除半衰期)相似。别嘌醇和氧嘌呤醇均可与生物碱结合形成各自的核糖核苷。别嘌醇-1-核苷是别嘌醇的主要代谢产物,通常认为其由嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶 (PNP) 在体内直接合成。由于该酶主要负责体内核苷的降解,我们采用高效液相色谱法和常规色谱法测定了 PNP 缺乏症患儿尿液中别嘌醇的代谢产物。在该患者中,尿液中约40%的别嘌醇代谢物为别嘌醇-1-核苷,证实别嘌醇-1-核苷可能通过别嘌醇-1-核糖肽在体内间接生成,该过程由次黄嘌呤-鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶(HGPRT)和磷酸酶催化。主要活性代谢物氧嘌呤醇在服用别嘌醇后15分钟内即可在血液中检测到。氧嘌呤醇的浓度高于母体药物,长期使用可导致其蓄积。氧嘌呤醇经肾脏排泄,其消除半衰期远长于别嘌醇。氧嘌呤醇在肾功能不全患者体内蓄积;因此,此类患者应调整别嘌醇的剂量。有关别嘌醇(7 种代谢物)更完整的代谢物数据,请访问 HSDB 记录页面。
生物半衰期
由于肾脏清除迅速,别嘌醇的血浆半衰期为 1-2 小时。
在肾功能正常的患者中,别嘌醇和氧嘌呤的半衰期分别约为 1-3 小时和 18-30 小时;然而,在肾功能受损的患者中,它们的半衰期会延长。别嘌醇主要通过转化为别嘌呤从血浆中清除,别嘌呤的半衰期为 2-3 小时。别嘌醇的血清半衰期为 39 分钟。
口服别嘌醇后吸收迅速,在 30 至 60 分钟内达到血浆峰浓度。氧嘌呤醇的口服生物利用度低于别嘌醇。别嘌醇的血浆半衰期为 2-3 小时,而氧嘌呤醇的半衰期则长得多(14-30 小时),这是由于肾脏重吸收所致。[1]
毒性/毒理 (Toxicokinetics/TK)
药物相互作用
别嘌醇抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶对6-巯基嘌呤的酶促灭活。因此,当别嘌醇与巯基嘌呤或硫唑嘌呤联合使用时,抗肿瘤药物的剂量必须减少至常用剂量的四分之一至三分之一。许多药物可升高血清尿酸水平,包括大多数利尿剂、吡嗪酰胺、二氮嗪、酒精和美卡拉明。如果在别嘌醇治疗期间服用这些药物,则可能需要增加别嘌醇的剂量。与单独使用环磷酰胺相比,别嘌醇与环磷酰胺联合使用可能会增加骨髓抑制的发生率,但这种相互作用的机制尚不清楚。然而,一项针对淋巴瘤患者的严格对照研究表明,别嘌醇与环磷酰胺、多柔比星、博来霉素、丙卡巴肼和/或氮芥联合用药并未增加这些患者骨髓抑制的发生率。接受别嘌醇治疗的患者在服用氨苄西林后出现皮疹的发生率异常高。有关别嘌醇药物相互作用的更完整数据(共15项),请访问HSDB记录页面。最常见的不良反应是胃肠道不适、超敏反应和皮疹(发生率在2%至8%之间)。“别嘌醇超敏反应综合征”可能致命,尤其是在服用噻嗪类利尿剂的肾功能不全老年患者中。症状包括发热、皮疹、血管炎、嗜酸性粒细胞增多、肾功能恶化,有时还会出现无菌性脑膜炎、肾炎和肝功能障碍。别嘌醇可能增强环磷酰胺的作用,并抑制口服抗凝剂和丙磺舒的代谢。[1]
参考文献

[1]. Therapeutic effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors: renaissance half a century after the discovery of allopurinol. Pharmacol Rev. 2006 Mar;58(1):87-114.

[2]. Antileishmanial effect of allopurinol. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1974;5(5):469-472.

[3]. Evaluation of effect of allopurinol and febuxostat in behavioral model of depression in mice. Indian J Pharmacol. 2013 May-Jun;45(3):244-7.

[4]. Anti-nociceptive properties of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol in mice: role of A1 adenosine receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Jan;156(1):163-72.

[5]. Dose-dependent effects of allopurinol on human foreskin fibroblast cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells under hypoxia. PLoS One. 2015 Apr 1;10(4):e0123649.

其他信息
治疗用途
抗代谢药;抗肿瘤药;酶抑制剂;痛风抑制剂。别嘌醇适用于治疗原发性或继发性痛风的体征和症状(急性发作、痛风石、关节破坏、尿酸结石和/或肾脏疾病)。/美国产品标签包含/别嘌醇适用于治疗正在接受癌症治疗且血清和尿液尿酸水平升高的白血病、淋巴瘤和恶性肿瘤患者。当不再存在尿酸过度生成的可能性时,应停止别嘌醇治疗。/美国产品标签包含/别嘌醇适用于治疗复发性草酸钙结石患者,这些患者的每日尿酸排泄量男性超过 800 毫克/天,女性超过 750 毫克/天。应首先仔细评估这些患者的治疗方案,并定期重新评估,以确定治疗是否有效以及获益是否大于风险。/美国产品标签包含/ 有关别嘌醇(9 种类型)治疗用途的更完整数据,请访问 HSDB 记录页面。
药物警告
由于别嘌醇和氧嘌呤会分泌到母乳中,哺乳期妇女应谨慎使用别嘌醇。
早期临床研究和经验表明,别嘌醇引起的一些不良反应(例如,急性痛风发作、皮疹)发生率超过 1%,但目前的经验表明,该药物的不良反应发生率低于 1%。近期经验中观察到的不良反应发生率降低可能部分归因于治疗启动速度较慢以及对当前处方注意事项和建议的遵循。
口服别嘌醇最常见的不良反应是瘙痒性斑丘疹。剥脱性皮炎、荨麻疹性皮炎、红斑性皮炎、湿疹性皮炎、出血性皮炎和紫癜性皮炎也曾发生。脱发、发热和不适也可能单独出现,或与皮炎同时出现。此外,还有严重鼻疖、蜂窝织炎和鱼鳞病的报道。肾功能不全患者皮疹的发生率可能增加。皮肤反应可能延迟出现,据报道,最长可在开始服用别嘌醇治疗后2年发生。在罕见情况下,皮疹后可能出现严重的超敏反应,有时甚至危及生命。一些重度皮炎患者也出现了白内障(包括一例中毒性白内障),但别嘌醇与白内障之间的确切关系尚未确定。接受别嘌醇治疗的患者中,罕见病例报告出现瘙痒、甲剥离和扁平苔藓。面部水肿、出汗和皮肤水肿也偶有发生,但尚未证实与该药物存在因果关系。接受静脉注射别嘌醇钠的患者曾报告出现局部注射部位反应。有关别嘌醇的更完整数据(共28例),请访问HSDB记录页面。
药效学
别嘌醇通过抑制尿酸生成前的生化反应来减少尿酸的产生。这一过程降低了尿酸盐水平,从而缓解痛风症状,包括痛风石疼痛、关节疼痛、炎症、发红、活动范围受限和肿胀。
别嘌醇最初是作为抗肿瘤药物合成的,但后来发现它能抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶,从而降低血清和尿液中的尿酸水平。它是治疗痛风和高尿酸血症的基石,也用于预防肿瘤溶解综合征。其活性代谢产物氧嘌呤醇可不可逆地抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)。该化合物还具有非XO相关作用,包括清除自由基、螯合铜和增强Ca²⁺敏感性。它是威斯康星大学器官保存液的成分之一。目前,效力更高的新型XO抑制剂(如非布司他、Y-700)正在研发中。[1]
*注: 文献方法仅供参考, InvivoChem并未独立验证这些方法的准确性
化学信息 & 存储运输条件
分子式
C5H4N4O
分子量
136.11146
精确质量
136.038
CAS号
315-30-0
相关CAS号
Allopurinol sodium;17795-21-0;Allopurinol-d2;916979-34-5
PubChem CID
135401907
外观&性状
White to off-white solid powder
密度
1.7±0.1 g/cm3
沸点
290.8ºC at 760 mmHg
熔点
350 ºC
闪点
129.7ºC
折射率
1.816
LogP
-1.46
tPSA
74.43
氢键供体(HBD)数目
2
氢键受体(HBA)数目
3
可旋转键数目(RBC)
0
重原子数目
10
分子复杂度/Complexity
190
定义原子立体中心数目
0
InChi Key
OFCNXPDARWKPPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C5H4N4O/c10-5-3-1-8-9-4(3)6-2-7-5/h1-2H,(H2,6,7,8,9,10)
化学名
1,5-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
存储方式

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

运输条件
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
溶解度数据
溶解度 (体外实验)
DMSO : ~14 mg/mL (~102.86 mM)
H2O : ~1 mg/mL (~7.35 mM)
溶解度 (体内实验)
配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 3.33 mg/mL (24.47 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,将 100 μL 33.3 mg/mL 澄清 DMSO 储备液加入 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液中,混匀。
*20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备(4°C,1 周):将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中,得到澄清溶液。

配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 3.33 mg/mL (24.47 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将 100 μL 33.3 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加入到 900 μL 玉米油中并混合均匀。

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配方 3 中的溶解度: ≥ 0.61 mg/mL (4.48 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将 100 μL 6.1 mg/mL澄清的DMSO储备液加入到400 μL PEG300中,混匀;再向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80,混匀;然后加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。
*生理盐水的制备:将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中,得到澄清溶液。


请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案:
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL;

3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用!
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。
制备储备液 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 7.3470 mL 36.7350 mL 73.4700 mL
5 mM 1.4694 mL 7.3470 mL 14.6940 mL
10 mM 0.7347 mL 3.6735 mL 7.3470 mL

1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;

2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;

3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);

4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。

计算器

摩尔浓度计算器可计算特定溶液所需的质量、体积/浓度,具体如下:

  • 计算制备已知体积和浓度的溶液所需的化合物的质量
  • 计算将已知质量的化合物溶解到所需浓度所需的溶液体积
  • 计算特定体积中已知质量的化合物产生的溶液的浓度
使用摩尔浓度计算器计算摩尔浓度的示例如下所示:
假如化合物的分子量为350.26 g/mol,在5mL DMSO中制备10mM储备液所需的化合物的质量是多少?
  • 在分子量(MW)框中输入350.26
  • 在“浓度”框中输入10,然后选择正确的单位(mM)
  • 在“体积”框中输入5,然后选择正确的单位(mL)
  • 单击“计算”按钮
  • 答案17.513 mg出现在“质量”框中。以类似的方式,您可以计算体积和浓度。

稀释计算器可计算如何稀释已知浓度的储备液。例如,可以输入C1、C2和V2来计算V1,具体如下:

制备25毫升25μM溶液需要多少体积的10 mM储备溶液?
使用方程式C1V1=C2V2,其中C1=10mM,C2=25μM,V2=25 ml,V1未知:
  • 在C1框中输入10,然后选择正确的单位(mM)
  • 在C2框中输入25,然后选择正确的单位(μM)
  • 在V2框中输入25,然后选择正确的单位(mL)
  • 单击“计算”按钮
  • 答案62.5μL(0.1 ml)出现在V1框中
g/mol

分子量计算器可计算化合物的分子量 (摩尔质量)和元素组成,具体如下:

注:化学分子式大小写敏感:C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
计算化合物摩尔质量(分子量)的说明:
  • 要计算化合物的分子量 (摩尔质量),请输入化学/分子式,然后单击“计算”按钮。
分子质量、分子量、摩尔质量和摩尔量的定义:
  • 分子质量(或分子量)是一种物质的一个分子的质量,用统一的原子质量单位(u)表示。(1u等于碳-12中一个原子质量的1/12)
  • 摩尔质量(摩尔重量)是一摩尔物质的质量,以g/mol表示。
/

配液计算器可计算将特定质量的产品配成特定浓度所需的溶剂体积 (配液体积)

  • 输入试剂的质量、所需的配液浓度以及正确的单位
  • 单击“计算”按钮
  • 答案显示在体积框中
动物体内实验配方计算器(澄清溶液)
第一步:请输入基本实验信息(考虑到实验过程中的损耗,建议多配一只动物的药量)
第二步:请输入动物体内配方组成(配方适用于不溶/难溶于水的化合物),不同的产品和批次配方组成不同,如对配方有疑问,可先联系我们提供正确的体内实验配方。此外,请注意这只是一个配方计算器,而不是特定产品的确切配方。
+
+
+

计算结果:

工作液浓度 mg/mL;

DMSO母液配制方法 mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。

体内配方配制方法μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。

(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
            (2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。

临床试验信息
Time-limited Triplet Combination of Pirtobrutinib, Venetoclax, and Obinutuzumab for Patients With Treatment-naïve Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) or Richter Transformation (RT)
CTID: NCT05536349
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-11-25
Chemotherapy in Patients With Relapsed Small Cell Lung Cancer in Combination With Allopurinol and MycoPhenolate (CLAMP Trial)
CTID: NCT05049863
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2024-11-18
Phase 2 to Assess Efficacy and Safety in AR882 Alone or in Combination with Allopurinol in Patients with Tophaceous Gout
CTID: NCT05253833
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-11-13
Inotuzumab Ozogamicin and Frontline Chemotherapy in Treating Young Adults With Newly Diagnosed B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
CTID: NCT03150693
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Suspended
Date: 2024-10-26
Allopurinol Improves Heart Function in African Americans With Resistant Hypertension
CTID: NCT05888233
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-10-15
View More

Treat-to-Target Serum Urate Versus Treat-to-Avoid Symptoms in Gout
CTID: NCT04875702
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-10-01


Phase 2b/3 Study to Assess ABP-671 a Novel URAT1 Inhibitor in Participants With Gout
CTID: NCT05818085
Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2024-09-19
Extension Study of ABP-671 in Participants With Gout
CTID: NCT06276556
Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3    Status: Terminated
Date: 2024-09-19
Phase II Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of D-0120 in Combination With Allopurinol in Subjects With Gout
CTID: NCT05665699
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-08-15
Cerebrum and Cardiac Protection With Allopurinol in Neonates With Critical Congenital Heart Disease Requiring Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass
CTID: NCT04217421
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-05-16
Uric Acid, Klotho and Salt Sensitivity in Young Adults Born Preterm
CTID: NCT04026776
PhaseEarly Phase 1    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-05-09
Allo HSCT Using RIC and PTCy for Hematological Diseases
CTID: NCT05805605
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-05-07
Effect of Allopurinol and Febuxostat on Urinary 2,8-Dihydroxyadenine Excretion
CTID: NCT02752633
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-04-09
Allopurinol and Quality of Life in Liver Cirrhosis
CTID: NCT05828836
Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-10-31
Tigulixostat, Phase 3 Study, Allopurinol Controlled in Gout Patients
CTID: NCT05586971
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-10-18
The Effect of Allopurinol on the Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Cardiovascular Risk
CTID: NCT05943821
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-10-12
Open Label PK, PD and DDI of Dotinurad and Allopurinol in Gout Patients With Hyperuricemia
CTID: NCT06056570
Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-09-28
Allo HSCT Using RIC for Hematological Diseases
CTID: NCT02661035
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-09-21
A Multicentre, Randomized, Double-blind, Allopurinol Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of SHR4640 in Subjects With Gout
CTID: NCT04956432
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2023-08-29
Effect of Allopurinol on Markers of Mineral and Bone Metabolism
CTID: NCT05601271
Phase: N/A    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2023-08-29
Rituximab, Chemotherapy, and Filgrastim in Treating Patients With Burkitt's Lymphoma or Burkitt's Leukemia
CTID: NCT00039130
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-08-21
Data Analysis for Drug Repurposing for Effective Alzheimer's Medicines - (DREAM) Probenecid vs Allopurinol
CTID: NCT04746989
Phase:    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2023-07-18
Effect of Allopurinol for Hypoxic-ischemic Brain Injury on Neurocognitive Outcome
CTID: NCT03162653
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-07-11
Sex-related Differences in Arterial Stiffness in Type 2 Diabetics: Role of Uric Acid
CTID: NCT03648996
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-07-03
Study of Verinurad in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
CTID: NCT04327024
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-06-29
A Study in Healthy Subjects to Assess Drug Availability of 4 Different Formulations of Verinurad and Allopurinol
CTID: NCT04550234
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-05-10
Allopurinol to Prevent Cirrhosis Related Morbidities
CTID: NCT05545670
Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-05-09
Allopurinol Versus Atorvastatin to Prevent Complications of Liver Cirrhosis
CTID: NCT05511766
Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-04-13
Pharmacokinetics of Verinurad and Allopurinol in Combination With Cyclosporine and Rifampicin in Healthy Volunteers
CTID: NCT04532918
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-03-27
Treatment of Hyperuricemia With Rasburicase in Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia or High Grade Lymphoma
CTID: NCT00199043
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-03-17
A Study of Verinurad and Allopurinol in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Hyperuricaemia
CTID: NCT03990363
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-03-02
Allopurinol and Trimetazidine as a Preventive of Acute Kidney Injury in PCI Patients
CTID: NCT05540184
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-01-19
Evaluation of a Treatment With Allopurinol in Adenylosuccinate Lyase Deficiency
CTID: NCT03776656
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-10-12
A Trial Comparing Single Agent Melphalan to Carmustine, Etoposide, Cytarabine, and Melphalan (BEAM) as a Preparative Regimen for Patients With Multiple Myeloma Undergoing High Dose Therapy Followed by Autologous Stem Cell Reinfusion
CTID: NCT03570983
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2022-06-22
A Pilot Study of Allopurinol As A Modifier of 6-MP Metabolism in Pediatric ALL
CTID: NCT02046694
PhaseEarly Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-06-21
A Study of Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of SHR4640 in Subjects With Gout
CTID: NCT04052932
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-06-13
Allopurinol Effect on MDA,NO,KIM-1 Urine Levels, RI and Renal Elastography in Kidney Stone Patients Post ESWL
CTID: NCT05414669
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-06-10
Alemtuzumab and Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Untreated Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
CTID: NCT00061945
Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-05-03
PERL Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) Study
CTID: NCT03334318
Phase:    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-03-29
A Study to Assess the Effect of Verinurad on the Electric Activity of the Heart
CTID: NCT04256629
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-01-31
Effect of Allopurinol on Left Ventricular Function in Children With Dilated Cardiomyopathy
CTID: NCT05193838
Phase:    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2022-01-18
XILO-FIST, the Effect of Allopurinol on the Brain Heart and Blood Pressure After Stroke
CTID: NCT02122718
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-11-12
Chemotherapy and Azidothymidine, With or Without Radiotherapy, for High Grade Lymphoma in AIDS-Risk Group Members
CTID: NCT00000703
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-11-03
A Phase III Randomized Trial of Low-Dose Versus Standard-Dose mBACOD Chemotherapy With rGM-CSF for Treatment of AIDS-Associated Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
CTID: NCT00000658
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-11-03
Crossover Clinical Trial, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial
CTID: NCT04983160
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-07-30
Uric Acid Reduction as a Novel Treatment for Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease
CTID: NCT03865407
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Terminated
Date: 2021-05-27
Busulfan and Cyclophosphamide Followed By ALLO BMT
CTID: NCT01685411
Phase: N/A    Status: Terminated
Date: 2021-04-13
Lowering Uric Acid in Live Kidney Donors
CTID: NCT03353298
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-02-24
Allopurinol in Patients With Refractory Angina to Improve Ischemic Symptoms
CTID: NCT04368819
Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2021-02-24
Center of Research Translation (CORT) Project 2
CTID: NCT02038179
Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-01-11
A Multicenter Clinical Trial of Allopurinol to Prevent Kidney Function Loss in Type 1 Diabetes
CTID: NCT02017171
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-12-04
The Effect of Local Antioxidant Therapy on Racial Differences in Vasoconstriction
CTID: NCT03680404
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-11-05
Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
CTID: NCT01637623
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-08-14
The Effects of BCRP Q141K on Allopurinol Pharmacokinetics and Dynamics
CTID: NCT02956278
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-06-23
Rasburicase in Patients at High Risk for Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) During Cycle-2
CTID: NCT01200485
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-01-31
Nonmyeloablative Stem Cell Transplantation for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
CTID: NCT00899431
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Terminated
Date: 2020-01-27
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition in Renal Transplant Recipients
CTID: NCT01332799
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Terminated
Date: 2019-10-15
Allopurinol Maintenance Study for Bipolar Disorder
CTID: NCT00732251
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Terminated
Date: 2019-10-02
Phase II Dose Finding Study of RDEA3170 Versus Placebo in Japanese Patients With Gout or Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia
CTID: NCT02078219
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-09-24
Does Allopurinol Reduce Thickening of the Left Ventricle of the Heart in Patient With Treated Hypertension?
CTID: NCT02237339
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-09-17
Zurig (Febuxostat) 40mg Efficacy and Safety Trial
CTID: NCT02600780
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-08-01
Genetics of Hyperuricemia Therapy in Hmong
CTID: NCT02371421
Phase:    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-07-15
A Study to Assess the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Verinurad and Allopurinol in Asian and Chinese Subjects
CTID: NCT03836599
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date:
A Phase 2b, Multicentre, Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study of Verinurad and Allopurinol in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Hyperuricaemia
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Ongoing, Completed
Date: 2019-06-28
Evaluation of allopurinol treatment for autistic disorders and epilepsy in adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency (ADSL)
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2018-08-30
The Role of Uric Acid Metabolism in Pathogenesis of Anaphylaxis: the Effect of Allopurinol on Experimentally-induced Allergic Reaction to Peanut in Peanut Allergic Adults- a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled, cross-over, single centre study.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: GB - no longer in EU/EEA
Date: 2018-03-09
Optimizing 6-mercaptopurine therapy in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia by using allopurinol. Clinical study in children 1-19 years on maintenance therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-12-09
Low-dose azathioprine and allopurinol versus azathioprine monotherapy for patients with ulcerative colitis: protocol for an investigator initiated, open, multicentre, parallel arm, randomised controlled trial
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-08-25
JAB02 Repurposing allopurinol as a novel anti-inflammatory treatment for persistent allergic asthma.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2016-08-17
Thiopurines with Low Dose Allopurinol: a prospective one way cross-over study
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-07-08
The Effect of Intensive Urate Lowering Therapy (ULT) with Febuxostat in Comparison with Allopurinol on Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Gout Using Surrogate Markers: a Randomized, Controlled Trial (Acronym: the FORWARD Trial)
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2015-09-11
Does allopurinol reduce right ventricular mass in lung disease associated pulmonary hypertension?
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2015-01-21
Xanthine oxidase inhibition for improvement of long-term outcomes following ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack (XILO-FIST).
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: GB - no longer in EU/EEA
Date: 2015-01-02
A Prospective Study to Evaluate the Effect of Allopurinol on Muscle Energetics in Older People with Impaired Physical Function.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2014-12-12
Does Allopurinol regress Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients with Treated Essential Hypertension?
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2014-07-22
A randomised, doublet blinded, placebo controlled cross-over study of Allopurinols effect to prevent loss of kidney function in type 1 diabetes
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2014-07-02
Study of allopurinol to prevent GFR loss in type 1 diabetes
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2014-03-07
Crossover clinical trial, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial. Modulation of cellular mediators and repair endothelial damage in patients with chronic renal disease through inhibition of xanthine oxidase.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2014-01-31
The effect of sodium nitrite infusion on renal variables, brachial and central blood pressure during enzyme inhibition by allopurinol, enalapril or acetazolamid in healthy subjects. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled, cross-over study
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2014-01-03
Allopurinol and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with ischaemic heart disease (ALL-HEART)
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: GB - no longer in EU/EEA
Date: 2013-10-01
Does ALlopurinol regress lefT ventricular hypertrophy in End stage REnal Disease: The ALTERED study
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2013-08-06
Effect of low-dose Azathioprine and Allopurinol compared to Azathioprine on clinical outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2013-05-31
A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel group study on the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Febuxostat (taken once daily) and the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Allopurinol on serum urate concentration in subjects suffering from hyperuricemia and gout.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2013-01-28
Febuxostat for Tumor Lysis Syndrome Prevention in Hematologic Malignancies: a Randomized, Double Blind, Phase III Study versus Allopurinol
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2012-09-17
A pilot study of allopurinol to prevent GFR loss in type 1 diabetes
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2012-09-10
A phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide (Revlimid®) as maintenance therapy for high-risk patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia following first-line therapy
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Prematurely Ended, Completed
Date: 2012-05-18
Long-term Allopurinol Safety Study Evaluating Outcomes in Gout Patients (LASSO)
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2012-01-18
Allopurinol as a possible new therapy for acute coronary syndromes: The Next Steps
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2011-12-23
EFFECT OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF ALLOPURINOL ON THE PREVENTION OF MUSCLE MASS LOSS IN IMMOBILIZED SUBJECTS.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2011-11-22
FAST- Febuxostat versus Allopurinol Streamlined Trial A prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint (PROBE) clinical trial evaluating long term cardiovascular safety of febuxostat in comparison with allopurinol in patients with chronic symptomatic hyperuricaemia
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Prematurely Ended, Completed
Date: 2011-08-03
Identification of the effect of allopurinol treatment on platelets from diabetic patients with stable coronary ischemic disease and aspirin resistance. XUE Study.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2011-06-08
Implication des radicaux libres produits par la xanthine oxydase dans les altérations mitochondriales du muscle squelettique de patients diabétiques
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2011-06-01
Estudio doble ciego de tratatmiento preventivo con alopurinol 3% crema vs placebo de la eritrodisestesia palmoplantar secundaria al tratamiento con capecitabina
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2011-02-28
A Phase II Placebo Controlled, Multicenter Study to Investigate the Safety and Efficacy of ATH008 cream in Patients with Palmar-Plantar Erythrodysesthesia Syndrome (PPES) secondary to capecitabine therapy.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Ongoing, Completed
Date: 2011-02-03
Allopurinol as a possible oxygen sparing agent during exercise in peripheral arterial disease
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2010-09-08
Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled, Combination Study to Evaluate the Safety, Efficacy and Potential Pharmacokinetic Interaction of RDEA594 and Allopurinol in Gout Patients with an Inadequate Hypouricemic Response with Standard Doses of Allopurinol
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2009-12-09
Effect of xantina oxidasi inhibition on left ventricular function and on energetic stores of the haert in patients affected by chronic cardiac insufficiency.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2009-09-30
Does antenatal allopurinol during asphyxia reduce post-hypoxic-ischemic reperfusion damage in the newborn?
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2009-07-21
Do Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors Regress Left ventricular Hypertrophy in Diabetes?
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2009-07-01
Do xanthine oxidase inhibitors reduce left ventricular hypertrophy and endothelial dysfunction in normotensive patients with chronic stable angina?
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2009-06-09
The effect of allopurinol on carotid ultrasound intima-media thickness and markers of endothelial function in patients with recent stroke - a pilot study.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2009-03-13
Evaluación de la utilidad del alopurinol en la prevención de la morbimortalidad cardiovascular de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) e hiperuricemia
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2009-02-04
Does allopurinol (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor) have clinically useful anti-ischaemic effects in angina pectoris? - A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2008-12-29
Do Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors reduce both Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Vascular Dysfunction in Cardiovascular patients with Renal Dysfunction?
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2008-01-02
The APEX Trial: Effects of Allopurinol on Coronary and Peripheral Endothelial Function in Patients with Cardiac Syndrome X
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2007-11-29
A PHASE 1/2, MULTI-CENTER,OPEN LABEL STUDY OF THE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF A STEPWISE DOSE-ESCALATION SCHEDULE OF LENALIDOMIDE MONOTHERAPY IN SUBJECTS WITH RELAPSED OR REFRACTORY B-CELL CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 1, Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2007-02-23
Phase I/II study of prevention of Colorectal Cancer CRC with Allopurinol in High-Risk Subjects
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2006-06-16
Allopurinol in the prevention of superficial bladder tumour recurrence
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2006-04-28
New therapeutic targets in stroke prevention: the effect of allopurinol on the cerebral vasculature of patients with subcortical stroke
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2005-12-09
Reversibility of cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetes: the role of allopurinol.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2005-11-14
EXPLORING THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS IN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2005-10-06
Effect of folic acid supplementation and allopurinol on endothelial function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2005-09-05
A multicenter, randomized, comparative trial on the effect of febuxostat in preventing cerebral and cardiorenovascular events in patients with hyperuricemia
CTID: UMIN000012134
PhaseNot applicable    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2013-10-28
Effects of allopurinol mouthwash and rebamipide gargle for stomatitis occurred during radiation therapy for cancer and cancer chemotherapy
CTID: UMIN000011759
PhaseNot applicable    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2013-09-13
Prospective, randomized, open-label,clinical trial comparing the effects of febuxostat and allopurinol on blood urate levels, endothelial function and makers for obesity/oxidative stress/chronic kidney diseases
CTID: UMIN000011741
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up continuing
Date: 2013-09-13
Effects of allopurinol mouthwash and rebamipide gargle for stomatitis occurred during radiation therapy for cancer and cancer chemotherapy
CTID: UMIN000011759
PhaseNot applicable    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2013-09-13
Prospective, randomized, open-label,clinical trial comparing the effects of febuxostat and allopurinol on blood urate levels, endothelial function and makers for obesity/oxidative stress/chronic kidney diseases
CTID: UMIN000011741
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up continuing
Date: 2013-09-13
A Study to Observe the Efficacy and Safety of Febuxostat in Subjects with Gout and Hyperuricemia
CTID: jRCT2080222060
Phase:    Status:
Date: 2013-04-12
Effects of febuxostat on serum uric acid and arteriosclerosis in allopurinol-treated hyperuricemia patients with chronic kidney disease
CTID: UMIN000008909
PhaseNot applicable    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2012-10-01
Effect of febuxisostat on serum uric acid levels and endothelial function in patients with hyperuricemia
CTID: UMIN000008753
Phase: Phase IV    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2012-09-01
Influence of febuxostat and allopurinol on renal function
CTID: UMIN000008168
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2012-06-14
Influence of febuxostat and allopurinol on renal function for hyperuricemia
CTID: UMIN000005964
Phase:    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2011-07-11
The urate-lowering efficacy and safety of febuxostat in the treatment of the hyperuricemia in chronic kidney disease.
CTID: UMIN000005573
PhaseNot applicable    Status: Complete: follow-up complete
Date: 2011-05-16
None
CTID: jRCT2080221074
Phase:    Status:
Date: 2010-04-19

生物数据图片
  • A. Anti-nociceptive effects of allopurinol (10–400 mg kg−1, i.p.) or morphine (6 mg kg−1; Mor) on tail-flick test; mean baseline latencies (s) were: Tween – 6.5 ± 0.4; morphine – 5.4 ± 0.3; allopurinol 10 to 400 mg kg−1– 7.4 ± 0.4, 6.4 ± 0.4, 6.8 ± 0.4, 6.9 ± 0.5 and 6.9 ± 0.5 s respectively. B. Effects of DPCPX (0.1 mg kg−1, i.p.) or SCH58261 (0.5 mg kg−1, i.p.) on anti-nociceptive effects of adenosine (100 mg kg−1, i.p.) or allopurinol (200 mg kg−1, i.p.) on tail-flick test. The columns represent mean values of % of maximum possible effect (% MPE) and vertical bars represent SEM. n = 8–12 animals per group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared with control (10% Tween or saline + Tween), one-way anova followed by Student–Newman–Keuls test.[4]. Schmidt AP, et al. Anti-nociceptive properties of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol in mice: role of A1 adenosine receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Jan;156(1):163-72.
  • A. Anti-nociceptive effects of allopurinol (10–400 mg kg−1, i.p.) or morphine (6 mg kg−1; Mor) on the hot-plate test; mean baseline latencies (s) were: Tween – 10.4 ± 0.7; morphine – 7.4 ± 0.4; allopurinol 10 to 400 mg kg−1– 8.5 ± 0.4, 9.0 ± 0.7, 10.2 ± 0.6, 8.8 ± 0.7 and 10.2 ± 0.9 s respectively. B. Effects of DPCPX (0.1 mg kg−1, i.p.) or SCH58261 (0.5 mg kg−1, i.p.) on anti-nociceptive effects of adenosine (100 mg kg−1, i.p.) or allopurinol (200 mg kg−1, i.p.) on hot-plate test. The columns represent mean values of % of maximum possible effect (% MPE) and vertical bars represent SEM. n = 8–12 animals per group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared with control (10% Tween or saline + Tween), one-way anova followed by Student–Newman–Keuls test.[4]. Schmidt AP, et al. Anti-nociceptive properties of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol in mice: role of A1 adenosine receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Jan;156(1):163-72.
  • A. Anti-nociceptive effects of allopurinol (10–400 mg kg−1, i.p.) or morphine (6 mg kg−1; Mor) on glutamate-induced pain. B. Effects of DPCPX (0.1 mg kg−1, i.p.) or SCH58261 (0.5 mg kg−1, i.p.) on anti-nociceptive effects of adenosine (100 mg kg−1, i.p.) or allopurinol (200 mg kg−1, i.p.) on glutamate-induced pain. The columns represent mean time spent licking the injected hind paw and vertical bars represent SEM. n = 8–12 animals per group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared with control (10% Tween or saline + Tween), one-way anova followed by Student–Newman–Keuls test.[4]. Schmidt AP, et al. Anti-nociceptive properties of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol in mice: role of A1 adenosine receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Jan;156(1):163-72.
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