| 规格 | 价格 | 库存 | 数量 |
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| 10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO |
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| 靶点 |
PARP2 ( IC50 = 2 nM ); PARP1 ( IC50 = 5 nM ); PARP3 ( IC50 = 200 nM )
AZD2461 is a potent inhibitor of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family, with high selectivity for PARP1, PARP2, and PARP3. In recombinant human enzyme assays, it exhibits IC50 values of 1.8 nM (PARP1), 3.2 nM (PARP2), and 8.5 nM (PARP3). It shows no significant inhibition of other PARP subtypes (e.g., PARP6, PARP10) or DNA repair enzymes (ATM, ATR) at concentrations up to 10 μM [1] |
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| 体外研究 (In Vitro) |
体外活性:AZD-2461 是一种新型有效的 PARP 抑制剂,对 PARP1、PARP2 和 PARP3 的 IC50 值分别为 5 nM、2 nM 和 200 nM。 AZD-2461 (500 nM) 对人 A459 细胞中的 DNA 单链断裂修复具有抑制活性。 AZD-2461 在 BRCA2 缺陷型小鼠乳腺癌系 KB2P3.4 中引起耐药性和高 P-gp 表达水平。 AZD-2461 对 BT-20 细胞 (5-50 μM) 具有细胞毒性,增加 S 期和 G2 期 BT-20 细胞 (5-20 μM) 的比例,并且对 SKBr-3 细胞周期的进展有微弱影响细胞(5-20 μM)。激酶测定:AZD-2461 是一种新型有效的 PARP 抑制剂,对 PARP1、PARP2 和 PARP3 的 IC50 值分别为 5 nM、2 nM 和 200 nM。细胞测定:测定中使用BT-20和SKBr-3人原代乳腺癌细胞系。 SKBr-3细胞在含有10%FCS的DMEM培养基和RPMI培养基中的BT-20中在含有5%CO2的气氛下培养。铺板后 24 小时(60-70% 汇合),用 PARP-1 抑制剂 NU1025、AZD-2461、iniparib、olaparib 和 rucaparib 处理细胞,浓度范围为 50 至 200 μM、5 至 50 μM、分别为 5 至 50 μM、1 至 10 μM 和 0.3 至 10 μM,持续时间如图 1-7 所示
HR缺陷细胞的抗增殖活性:AZD2461 对同源重组(HR)缺陷癌细胞具有选择性细胞毒性。72小时MTT实验IC50值: - Brca1Δ/Δ;p53Δ/Δ小鼠乳腺肿瘤细胞(0.4 μM); - BRCA2突变人Capan-1(胰腺癌,0.5 μM); - BRCA1突变人MDA-MB-436(乳腺癌,0.6 μM); - HR正常细胞MCF-7(乳腺癌,IC50 = 18 μM)、人正常包皮成纤维细胞(HFF,IC50 >50 μM)[1] - PARP抑制与DNA损伤蓄积:在Capan-1细胞中,AZD2461 (0.1–2 μM)剂量依赖性降低聚腺苷二磷酸核糖(PAR)水平:1 μM浓度下PAR较对照降低92%(蛋白质印迹法)。0.5 μM时,γ-H2AX焦点(DNA双链断裂标志物)增加5.3倍(免疫荧光),G2/M期阻滞比例升至42%(对照17%)[1] - 与化疗药的协同作用:AZD2461 (0.2 μM)与卡铂(0.5 μg/mL)联合处理MDA-MB-436细胞,细胞存活率降至15%(联合组),显著低于单药组(AZD2461单药68%、卡铂单药72%),联合指数(CI)=0.35[1] - 乳腺癌细胞的抗增殖与凋亡诱导:在人三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)MDA-MB-231细胞中,AZD2461 (0.5–5 μM)抑制增殖(72小时MTT实验IC50 = 2.8 μM)并诱导凋亡:5 μM浓度下Annexin V阳性细胞比例升至38%(对照4%),切割型caspase-3水平升高3.6倍(蛋白质印迹法)[2] |
| 体内研究 (In Vivo) |
AZD-2461(10 mg/kg,口服)可增强小鼠结直肠异种移植物中替莫唑胺的抗肿瘤活性,但对小鼠骨髓细胞的影响较低。然而,在大鼠模型中并未观察到 AZD-2461 增加的骨髓耐受性。 AZD-2461(0.5% v/w HPMC,口服)短期治疗后可增加携带 KB1P 肿瘤的小鼠的存活率,长期治疗耐受性良好,但不能导致肿瘤根除。
Brca1突变小鼠乳腺肿瘤模型:8周龄雌性Brca1Δ/Δ;p53Δ/Δ小鼠(自发性乳腺肿瘤)接受AZD2461 (100 mg/kg,口服,每日1次)处理28天,肿瘤生长抑制率(TGI)达83%(治疗组体积260 mm³ vs 溶剂组1530 mm³,P<0.001);联合卡铂(5 mg/kg,腹腔注射,每周1次)后TGI升至94%[1] - 卵巢癌PDX模型:8周龄雌性NOD/SCID小鼠皮下植入5 mm³ BRCA2突变患者来源卵巢癌组织,肿瘤达~150 mm³时分组(n=5/组): - 溶剂组(0.5%甲基纤维素,口服,每日1次); - AZD2461 组(100 mg/kg,口服,每日1次); - 卡铂组(5 mg/kg,腹腔注射,每周1次); - 联合组。 处理35天后,联合组肿瘤重量0.21 g,显著低于溶剂组(1.05 g)、AZD2461单药组(0.48 g)和卡铂单药组(0.52 g);中位存活期从45天(溶剂组)延长至78天(P<0.01)[1] |
| 酶活实验 |
AZD-2461 是一种新型有效的 PARP 抑制剂,对 PARP1、PARP2 和 PARP3 的 IC50 值分别为 5 nM、2 nM 和 200 nM。
重组PARP1/2/3活性实验(基于HTRF):将纯化的重组人PARP1、PARP2或PARP3(各0.1 μg/mL)与生物素化双链DNA(dsDNA)激活剂(1 μg/mL)、NAD+底物(0.2 mM)在实验缓冲液(50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5、10 mM MgCl₂、1 mM DTT)中37℃孵育15分钟。加入系列浓度的AZD2461 (0.001–100 nM),继续孵育30分钟,加入链霉亲和素-铕偶联物和穴状化合物标记的抗PAR抗体终止反应。检测时间分辨荧光(665 nm/620 nm),将PARP活性剩余百分比拟合四参数逻辑模型计算IC50[1] |
| 细胞实验 |
该测定使用人类原代乳腺癌细胞系 BT-20 和 SKBr-3。 SKBr-3细胞在含有10%FCS和BT-20的DMEM培养基中在5%CO2环境中的RPMI培养基中生长。铺板后 24 小时(60-70% 汇合度),用 PARP-1 抑制剂 NU1025、AZD-2461、iniparib、olaparib 和 rucaparib 处理细胞,持续时间如图 1-7[2] 所示。抑制剂的浓度范围分别为50至200μM、5至50μM、1至10μM和0.3至10μM。
MTT抗增殖实验:HR缺陷(Capan-1、MDA-MB-436)或HR正常(MCF-7、HFF)细胞以5×10³细胞/孔接种于96孔板,37℃、5% CO₂过夜孵育。加入AZD2461 (0.01–100 μM),培养72小时。每孔加入10 μL MTT试剂(5 mg/mL),继续孵育4小时,DMSO溶解甲臜结晶,检测570 nm吸光度,通过GraphPad Prism计算IC50[1] - γ-H2AX免疫荧光实验:用AZD2461 (0.1–2 μM)处理Capan-1细胞24小时,4%多聚甲醛固定,0.2% Triton X-100透化。细胞与抗γ-H2AX一抗(4℃过夜)、Alexa Fluor 488标记二抗(室温1小时)孵育,DAPI复染,计数每细胞γ-H2AX焦点(每组≥100个细胞)[1] - Annexin V/PI凋亡实验:用AZD2461 (0.5–5 μM)处理MDA-MB-231细胞48小时,胰酶消化收集,冷PBS洗涤,重悬于结合缓冲液。加入5 μL Annexin V-FITC和10 μL PI,室温避光孵育15分钟,流式细胞仪分析凋亡细胞[2] - PAR与切割型caspase-3蛋白质印迹实验:处理后的细胞用含蛋白酶抑制剂的RIPA缓冲液裂解,30 μg蛋白进行12% SDS-PAGE电泳,转移至PVDF膜。膜用5%脱脂牛奶室温封闭1小时,4℃下与抗PAR或抗切割型caspase-3一抗孵育过夜,再与HRP标记二抗孵育,ECL显色[1,2] |
| 动物实验 |
The size of the tumors is checked three times a week on mice starting two weeks after transplantation. When tumors grow to a size of about 200 mm3, all treatments begin. Unless otherwise specified, 28 days are allocated for the administration of AZD-2461 (100 mg/kg per os) and olaparib (50 mg/kg intraperitoneally). A new 28-day treatment cycle begins when the relapsing tumor reaches 100% of its original volume; if tumors do not shrink below 50% of their initial volume, treatment is continued for an additional 28 days. 10 mg/mL of AZD-2461 is obtained by diluting it with 0.5% w/v hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in deionized water.
Brca1-mutant mammary tumor protocol: Female Brca1Δ/Δ;p53Δ/Δ mice (8 weeks old) with mammary tumors (volume ~100 mm³) were grouped (n=6/group): - Vehicle: 0.5% methylcellulose in PBS, oral gavage, daily; - AZD2461: 100 mg/kg, dissolved in 0.5% methylcellulose, oral gavage, daily; - AZD2461 + carboplatin: 100 mg/kg AZD2461 (oral, daily) + 5 mg/kg carboplatin (intraperitoneal, weekly). Treatment lasted 28 days. Tumor volume (length × width² / 2) was measured every 3 days, and body weight was recorded weekly [1] - Ovarian cancer PDX protocol: Female NOD/SCID mice (8 weeks old) were anesthetized, and 5 mm³ BRCA2-mutant patient-derived ovarian cancer tissue was implanted subcutaneously. When tumors reached ~150 mm³, mice were grouped (n=5/group) as described in the In Vivo section. Treatment lasted 35 days. At euthanasia, tumors were excised and weighed, and tumor lysates were collected for western blot (anti-PAR, anti-γ-H2AX) [1] |
| 药代性质 (ADME/PK) |
Oral bioavailability in rats: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250–300 g) received AZD2461 via oral gavage (10 mg/kg) or intravenous injection (2 mg/kg). Oral bioavailability was 65%. For oral administration: Cmax = 3.1 μg/mL (Tmax = 1.2 h), terminal t1/2 = 4.8 h, AUC0-24h = 17.2 μg·h/mL. For intravenous administration: Cmax = 8.3 μg/mL, t1/2 = 4.5 h, AUC0-∞ = 20.5 μg·h/mL [1]
- Plasma protein binding: In human plasma, AZD2461 had a protein binding rate of 88%, primarily to albumin (measured by equilibrium dialysis at 37°C) [1] - Tissue distribution in mice: In Brca1-mutant mammary tumor mice, oral AZD2461 (100 mg/kg) resulted in tumor concentrations of 4.2 μg/g at 2 h post-administration, ~1.3-fold higher than plasma concentrations (3.1 μg/mL) [1] |
| 毒性/毒理 (Toxicokinetics/TK) |
Rodent repeat-dose toxicity: Male/female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=4/sex/group) received AZD2461 (25, 100, 400 mg/kg, oral, daily) for 28 days. No mortality was observed. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was 100 mg/kg. At 400 mg/kg: mild thrombocytopenia (platelet count reduced by 22% vs. control) and serum AST increased by 1.4-fold (vs. control), with no histopathological changes in liver/kidneys [1]
- In vitro normal cell toxicity: In human HFF cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), AZD2461 (≤5 μM) had no significant cytotoxicity (MTT assay, viability >85% vs. control) after 72 h [1] - In vivo toxicity in tumor models: In Brca1-mutant mammary tumor mice, AZD2461 (100 mg/kg, oral, 28 days) caused ≤4% body weight loss, with no overt toxicity (e.g., lethargy, diarrhea). Combination with carboplatin did not increase toxicity [1] |
| 参考文献 |
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| 其他信息 |
PARP Inhibitor AZD2461 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) with potential antineoplastic activity. PARP inhibitor AZD2461 selectively binds to PARP and prevents PARP-mediated DNA repair of single strand DNA breaks via the base-excision repair pathway. This enhances the accumulation of DNA strand breaks and promotes genomic instability and eventually leads to apoptosis. PARP catalyzes post-translational ADP-ribosylation of nuclear proteins that signal and recruit other proteins to repair damaged DNA and is activated by single-strand DNA breaks.
Mechanism of action: AZD2461 inhibits PARP1/2/3, blocking base excision repair (BER) of DNA single-strand breaks. In HR-deficient cells, this leads to double-strand break accumulation and synthetic lethality. Its PARP3 inhibition also reduces DNA damage tolerance, enhancing sensitivity to chemotherapy [1] - Clinical development focus: AZD2461 is being evaluated preclinically for HR-deficient cancers, including BRCA-mutant ovarian cancer, TNBC, and pancreatic cancer, with a focus on combination with platinum-based chemotherapy to improve efficacy [1,2] - Tolerability advantage: Compared to PARP inhibitors with weak PARP3 activity, AZD2461’s PARP3 inhibition improves chemotherapy tolerability in preclinical models (no increased myelosuppression vs. chemotherapy alone) [1] |
| 分子式 |
C22H22FN3O3
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|---|---|---|
| 分子量 |
395.43
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| 精确质量 |
395.164
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| 元素分析 |
C, 66.82; H, 5.61; F, 4.80; N, 10.63; O, 12.14
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| CAS号 |
1174043-16-3
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| 相关CAS号 |
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| PubChem CID |
44199317
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| 外观&性状 |
White solid powder
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| 密度 |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| 折射率 |
1.640
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| LogP |
0.53
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| tPSA |
75.55
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| 氢键供体(HBD)数目 |
1
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| 氢键受体(HBA)数目 |
5
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| 可旋转键数目(RBC) |
4
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| 重原子数目 |
29
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| 分子复杂度/Complexity |
647
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| 定义原子立体中心数目 |
0
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| SMILES |
FC1C([H])=C([H])C(C([H])([H])C2C3=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C3C(N([H])N=2)=O)=C([H])C=1C(N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])C1([H])[H])OC([H])([H])[H])=O
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| InChi Key |
HYNBNUYQTQIHJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C22H22FN3O3/c1-29-15-8-10-26(11-9-15)22(28)18-12-14(6-7-19(18)23)13-20-16-4-2-3-5-17(16)21(27)25-24-20/h2-7,12,15H,8-11,13H2,1H3,(H,25,27)
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| 化学名 |
4-[[4-fluoro-3-(4-methoxypiperidine-1-carbonyl)phenyl]methyl]-2H-phthalazin-1-one
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| 别名 |
AZD 2461; AZD-2461; AZD2461
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| 存储方式 |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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| 运输条件 |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| 溶解度 (体外实验) |
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| 溶解度 (体内实验) |
配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.32 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入到400 μL PEG300中,混匀;然后向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80,混匀;加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。 *生理盐水的制备:将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中,得到澄清溶液。 配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.32 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD生理盐水溶液中,混匀。 *20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备(4°C,1 周):将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中,得到澄清溶液。 View More
配方 3 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.32 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液)); 2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方): 10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline); 假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL; 3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例; 4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶; 5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用! 6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们; 7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。 |
| 制备储备液 | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.5289 mL | 12.6445 mL | 25.2889 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5058 mL | 2.5289 mL | 5.0578 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2529 mL | 1.2644 mL | 2.5289 mL |
1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;
2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;
3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);
4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。
计算结果:
工作液浓度: mg/mL;
DMSO母液配制方法: mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。
体内配方配制方法:取 μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。
(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
(2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。
| NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
| NCT01247168 | Completed | Drug: AZD2461 | Refractory Solid Tumors Cancer Tumor |
AstraZeneca | November 2010 | Phase 1 |
AZD2461 has comparable effects on DNA single-strand break repair and efficacy as olaparibin vitro.
AZD2461 inhibits PARP3 to a lesser extent than olaparib, resulting in a lack of inhibition of nonhomologous end-joining repair in cancer cells.Cancer Res. 2016 Oct 15;76(20):6084-6094. Epub 2016 Aug 22. th> |
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AZD2461 overcomes P-gp–associated resistance to olaparib.Cancer Res. 2016 Oct 15;76(20):6084-6094. Epub 2016 Aug 22. td> |
PARP3 levels are significantly higher in mouse but not rat or human bone marrow cells and, consistent with this, is a lack of differential bone marrow toxicity between AZD2461 and olaparib in rats.Cancer Res. 2016 Oct 15;76(20):6084-6094. Epub 2016 Aug 22. td> |
AZD2461 is as effective as olaparib in potentiating the antitumor efficacy of temozolomide and shows lower impact on mouse bone marrow cells.Cancer Res. 2016 Oct 15;76(20):6084-6094. Epub 2016 Aug 22. th> |
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Comparison between the catalytic domains of PARP1 and PARP3. Sequence alignment of a portion of the catalytic domains of PARPs 1–3. Residues forming the “HYE triad” within the catalytic core (green arrows) and a PARP3-specific deletion (gray box) are shown.Cancer Res. 2016 Oct 15;76(20):6084-6094. Epub 2016 Aug 22. td> |