视网膜细胞一整天都接受逐渐增加剂量的高牛磺酸或胞二磷胆碱，以评估这些化合物可能的神经保护作用。研究了 1 μM、10 μM 和 100 μM 浓度的同牛磺酸或可卡因对视网膜细胞活力的影响。在用胞磷胆碱或同牛磺酸处理的培养物中，视网膜细胞得到有效保存；治疗后没有出现毒性或明显丧失活力的迹象。在体外，100 μM 的同牛磺酸是增强实验性青光眼模型神经保护的有效浓度，而 100 μM 的可卡因不会损伤视网膜神经胶质细胞。因此，该高牛磺酸和胞磷胆碱浓度被用于所有随后的研究中。在谷氨酸处理前24小时用胞磷胆碱处理视网膜细胞培养物，以评估胞磷胆碱和高牛磺酸联合治疗是否可以产生针对谷氨酸兴奋性毒性的协同神经保护作用。碱基为 100 μM，高牛磺酸为 100 μM，胞二磷胆碱与高牛磺酸为 100 μM。在 100 μM 胞磷胆碱存在下，细胞活力显着提高 [1]。

当给予 1000 mg/kg 剂量的胞磷胆碱时，阵挛性癫痫发作和致死性癫痫发作的强直相阈值显着升高（与对照组相比，分别为 18.54% 和 50.08%）。注射1000 mg/kg胞磷胆碱后，抗惊厥作用最为明显[2]。

[1]. Cytoprotective Effects of Citicoline and Homotaurine against Glutamate and High Glucose Neurotoxicity in Primary Cultured Retinal Cells. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:2825703.

[2]. Increase of the seizure threshold in C57BL/6 mice after citicoline administration. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2015 Jan;158(3):315-7.

CDP-choline is a member of the class of phosphocholines that is the chloine ester of CDP. It is an intermediate obtained in the biosynthetic pathway of structural phospholipids in cell membranes. It has a role as a human metabolite, a psychotropic drug, a neuroprotective agent, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a member of phosphocholines and a member of nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s. It is functionally related to a CDP. It is a conjugate base of a CDP-choline(1+).
Citicoline is a donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides. It has been investigated for the treatment, supportive care, and diagnosis of Mania, Stroke, Hypomania, Cocaine Abuse, and Bipolar Disorder, among others.
Nicholin has been reported in Drosophila melanogaster, Homo sapiens, and other organisms with data available.
Citicoline is a nutritional supplement and source of choline and cytidine with potential neuroprotective and nootropic activity. Citicoline, also known as cytidine-5-diphosphocholine or CDP-choline, is hydrolyzed into cytidine and choline in the intestine. Following absorption, both cytidine and choline are dispersed, utilized in various biosynthesis pathways, and cross the blood-brain barrier for resynthesis into citicoline in the brain, which is the rate-limiting product in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine. This agent also increases acetylcholine (Ach), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine levels in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, citicoline is involved in the preservation of sphingomyelin and cardiolipin and the restoration of Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Citicoline also increases glutathione synthesis and glutathione reductase activity, and exerts antiapoptotic effects.
Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides.
See also: Citicoline Sodium (annotation moved to).

C14H26N4O11P2

488.32

488.107

987-78-0

Citicoline sodium;33818-15-4

13804

White to off-white solid powder

851.4ºC at 760 mmHg

-7.07

235.34

4

11

10

31

821

4

C[N+](C)(C)CCOP(=O)([O-])OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N)O)O

RZZPDXZPRHQOCG-OJAKKHQRSA-N

InChI=1S/C14H26N4O11P2/c1-18(2,3)6-7-26-30(22,23)29-31(24,25)27-8-9-11(19)12(20)13(28-9)17-5-4-10(15)16-14(17)21/h4-5,9,11-13,19-20H,6-8H2,1-3H3,(H3-,15,16,21,22,23,24,25)/t9-,11-,12-,13-/m1/s1

[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate

Cdp-choline; Cytidine 5-diphosphocholine; Citicoline

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

H2O : ~50 mg/mL (~102.39 mM)
DMSO : ~1 mg/mL (~2.05 mM)

配方 1 中的溶解度: 50 mg/mL (102.39 mM) in PBS (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液; 超声助溶。

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请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出，可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果，工作液请现配现用！
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。