Exenatide (Exendin-4)

别名: DA 3091; ITCA 650; LY 2148568; LY2148568; Byetta; Exenatide; Exendin-4; 141758-74-9; Exendin 4 (Heloderma suspectum); PT302; AC 2993; Exenatide; AC 2993A; AC-2993; Exendin-4; AC002993; AC2993; AC2993A; Bydureon 艾塞那肽;重组醋酸艾塞那肽-4
目录号: V32928 纯度: =98.36%
Exenatide (Exendin-4) 是一种由 39 个氨基酸组成的生物活性肽,是一种抗糖尿病药物,作为长效胰高血糖素样肽-1 受体激动剂,IC50 为 3.22 nM。
Exenatide (Exendin-4) CAS号: 141758-74-9
产品类别: GCGR
产品仅用于科学研究,不针对患者销售
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Other Forms of Exenatide (Exendin-4):

  • 醋酸艾塞那肽
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InvivoChem产品被CNS等顶刊论文引用
纯度/质量控制文件

纯度: =98.36%

产品描述
艾塞那肽 (Exendin-4) 是一种由 39 个氨基酸组成的生物活性肽,是一种抗糖尿病药物,作为长效胰高血糖素样肽-1 受体激动剂,IC50 为 3.22 nM。作为内源性胰高血糖素样肽-1 的合成形式,艾塞那肽可刺激胰岛素分泌、抑制胰高血糖素释放、降低食欲并减慢胃排空。因此,它被用作糖尿病的附加疗法。
生物活性&实验参考方法
靶点
glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor ( IC50 = 3.22 nM )
体外研究 (In Vitro)
在人脐静脉内皮细胞中,exendin-4 以剂量依赖性方式显着增加 NO 产生、内皮 NO 合酶 (eNOS) 磷酸化和 GTP 环水解酶 1 (GTPCH1) 水平[2]。 Exendin-4 对 MCF-7 乳腺癌细胞显示出细胞毒性作用,48 小时时 IC50 为 5 μM[3]。
Exenatide (Exendin-4)是一种合成形式的GLP-1类似物,用于治疗2型糖尿病。由于患有糖尿病的女性乳腺癌症发病率和死亡率较高,我们研究了肠促胰岛素药物Exenatide (Exendin-4)对癌症乳腺癌细胞的影响。本研究旨在探讨Exenatide (Exendin-4)对MCF-7乳腺癌症细胞的抗癌作用机制。通过XTT法测定Exenatide (Exendin-4)的细胞毒性作用。在48小时时检测到MCF-7细胞的IC50剂量为5μM。通过实时PCR评估基因信使RNA(mRNA)的表达。根据结果,与对照组细胞相比,剂量组细胞中caspase-9、Akt和MMP2的表达降低。与对照组细胞相比,剂量组细胞中p53、caspase-3、caspase-8、caspase-10、BID、DR4、DR5、FADD、TRADD、PARP、PTEN、PUMA、NOXA、APAF、TIMP1和TIMP2的表达增加。分别通过基质胶室、集落形成试验和伤口愈合试验检测Exenatide (Exendin-4)对细胞侵袭、集落生成和细胞迁移的影响。综上所述,人们认为Exenatide (Exendin-4)通过影响MCF-7细胞的凋亡、侵袭、迁移和集落形成来显示抗癌活性。Exenatide (Exendin-4)可以是用于治疗乳腺癌症的治疗剂,作为单独的或与其他药物组合。由于癌症的分子生物学涉及一个复杂的相互连接的信号通路网络,在细胞生长、存活和细胞侵袭中发挥作用,因此需要更详细的研究来确定GLP-1对乳腺癌症细胞的作用途径[3].
体内研究 (In Vivo)
与对照组相比,低剂量和高剂量 exendin-4 治疗 ob/ob 小鼠均可改善血清 ALT 并降低血糖,并计算出 HOMA 评分。 Exendin-4 治疗的 ob/ob 小鼠在研究期的最后 4 周内净体重增加显着减少[4]。用exendin-4治疗的动物比对照大鼠有更多的胰腺腺泡炎症、更多的固缩核并且体重显着减轻。 Exendin-4 治疗与大鼠体内瘦素水平降低以及 HOMA 值降低相关[5]。艾塞那肽引起大鼠胸主动脉的剂量依赖性松弛,这是通过 GLP-1 受体引起的,主要由 H2S 介导,也由 NO 和 CO 介导[6]。
非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)是肝病学中一个新兴的问题,与胰岛素抵抗有关。Exendin-4是胰高血糖素样肽(GLP)受体的肽激动剂,可促进胰岛素分泌。本研究旨在确定Exendin-4的给药是否会逆转ob/ob小鼠的肝脂肪变性。Ob/Ob小鼠或其瘦同窝小鼠用Exendin-4[10微克/千克或20微克/千克]治疗60天。收集血清以测量胰岛素、脂联素、空腹血糖、血脂和转氨酶浓度。采集肝组织进行组织学检查、实时RT-PCR分析和氧化应激测定。分离大鼠肝细胞并用GLP-1处理。Ob/Ob小鼠在Exendin-4治疗期间增加的净重持续减少。Exendin-4治疗的ob/ob小鼠的血糖和肝脂肪变性显著降低。根据稳态模型评估计算,Exendin-4改善了ob/ob小鼠的胰岛素敏感性。在用Exendin-4治疗的ob/ob小鼠中,硫代巴比妥反应物质作为氧化应激标志物的测量值显著降低。最后,GLP-1处理的肝细胞导致cAMP产生显著增加,硬脂酰辅酶a去饱和酶1和与脂肪酸合成相关的基因的mRNA表达减少;与脂肪酸氧化相关的基因则相反。总之,Exendin-4似乎通过提高胰岛素敏感性有效逆转肥胖/肥胖小鼠的肝脂肪变性。我们的数据表明,肝脏中的GLP-1蛋白对肝细胞脂肪代谢有新的直接影响。[4]
目的/假设:Exendin-4是胰高血糖素样肽受体的39个氨基酸的激动剂,已被批准用于治疗2型糖尿病。许多报告描述了用毒蜥外泌肽-4(艾塞那肽)治疗的人急性胰腺炎发病率的增加。之前的研究已经评估了毒蜥外泌肽-4对β细胞和β细胞功能的影响。我们评估了毒蜥外泌肽-4对大鼠胰腺的组织学和生化影响。 方法:我们研究了20只Sprague-Dawley雄性大鼠,其中10只用毒蜥外泌肽-4治疗,10只作为对照。研究期为75天。取出血清和胰腺组织进行生化和组织学研究。比较两组的血糖、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、胰岛素和脂肪细胞因子。 结果:与对照组大鼠相比,用毒蜥外泌肽-4治疗的动物胰腺腺泡炎症更多,核固缩更多,体重明显减轻。它们的血清脂肪酶水平也高于对照组动物。Exendin-4治疗与未治疗的对照组相比,胰岛素和瘦素水平较低,HOMA值也较低。 结论/解释:尽管与对照组动物相比,在大鼠中使用毒蜥外泌肽-4与体重增加减少、胰岛素抵抗降低和瘦素水平降低有关,但在大鼠体内长期使用毒蜥内泌肽-4会导致胰腺腺泡炎症和固缩。这引发了人们对接受肠促胰岛素模拟疗法的人诱发急性胰腺炎的可能性的重要担忧。[5]
背景:据报道,GLP-1激动剂艾塞那肽(exendin-4)可以降低血压。毒蜥外泌肽-4的剂量依赖性血管舒张作用已被证实,尽管其确切机制尚未完全描述。在这里,我们的目的是为艾塞那肽可能降低中枢(主动脉)血压的假设提供体外证据,这涉及三种气体递质,即一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化碳(CO)和硫化氢(H2S)。 方法:我们测定了艾塞那肽对成年大鼠离体胸主动脉环的血管活性作用。将两毫米长的血管段放置在钢丝肌描记图中,并与产生三种气体传递子的酶的抑制剂、活性氧形成抑制剂、前列腺素合成抑制剂、蛋白激酶抑制剂、钾通道抑制剂或Na+/Ca2+-交换器抑制剂预孵育。 结果:艾塞那肽可引起大鼠胸主动脉剂量依赖性舒张,这是通过GLP-1受体诱发的,主要由H2S介导,也由NO和CO介导。前列腺素和超氧自由基也在舒张中起作用。可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶的抑制显著降低了血管舒张作用。我们发现ATP敏感、电压门控和钙激活的大电导钾通道也参与血管舒张,但似乎KCNQ型电压门控钾通道的抑制导致了血管舒张速率的显著降低。抑制Na+/Ca2+-交换器可消除大部分血管舒张。 结论:艾塞那肽诱导大鼠胸主动脉血管舒张,三种气体递质都有作用。我们为艾塞那肽降低中心(主动脉)血压的潜在能力提供了体外证据,这可能具有相关的临床意义[6]。
酶活实验
完整细胞中肽与GLP-1受体的竞争性结合[1]
如Montrose Rafizadeh等人所述进行结合研究。简而言之,CHO/GLP-1R细胞在12孔板上生长至融合,并在实验前用无血清火腿F-12培养基洗涤2小时。在0.5 ml结合缓冲液中洗涤两次后,细胞在4°C下与0.5 ml缓冲液一起孵育过夜,缓冲液含有2%牛血清白蛋白、50μm DPP-IV抑制剂、400个激肽释放酶失活单位(KIU)抑肽酶、10 mM葡萄糖、1-1000 nM GLP-1或其他肽和30000 cpm[125I]GLP-1。孵育结束时,丢弃上清液,用冰冷的磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)洗涤细胞三次,在室温下用0.5 ml 0.5 M NaOH和0.1%十二烷基硫酸钠孵育10分钟。在ICN-Apec Seriesγ计数器中测量细胞裂解物的放射性。特异性结合被确定为总结合减去与在大量过量未标记的GLP-1(1μM)存在下孵育的细胞相关的放射性。
Exendin-4是一种39个氨基酸(AA)的肽,是胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)受体的长效激动剂。因此,作为2型糖尿病的长期治疗,它可能比GLP-1更可取。Exendin-4(Ex-4)与GLP-1不同,不被二肽基肽酶IV(DPP IV)降解,不易被中性内肽酶降解,并且具有GLP-1中缺失的九个AA C末端序列。在这里,我们研究了这九种氨基酸对Ex-4、截短的Ex-4类似物序列以及添加了全部或部分C末端序列的天然GLP-1和GLP-1类似物的生物活性的重要性。我们发现,从Ex-4中去除这些AA以产生Ex(1-30)降低了与Ex-4相比对GLP-1受体(GLP-1R)的亲和力(IC50:Ex-4,3.22+/-0.9 nM;Ex(1-30),32+/-5.8 nM),但使其与GLP-1的亲和力相当(IC50:44.9+/-3.2 nM)。将这九个AA序列添加到GLP-1中提高了GLP-1和DPP IV抗性类似物GLP-1 8-甘氨酸对GLP-1受体的亲和力(IC50:GLP-1 Gly8[GG],220+/-23nM;GLP-1 Gly8-Ex(31-39),74+/-11nM)。胰岛素瘤细胞系中cAMP反应的观察显示了类似的生物活性趋势[1]。
细胞实验
细胞毒性试验[3]
按照制造商的说明,使用台盼蓝染料排除试验和XTT试验进行MCF-7细胞中艾塞那肽(Exendin-4)的细胞毒性试验和IC50剂量测定。
伤口愈合试验[3]
对照组和剂量组细胞以每孔106个细胞的方式接种在60×15 mm的细胞培养皿中,并在37°C和5%CO2的条件下生长过夜。使用无菌200μl塑料移液管尖端在细胞融合单层上做直线划痕后,用5μM艾塞那肽(Exendin-4)处理80%融合的对照组和剂量组细胞。为了去除碎屑并使划痕边缘光滑,用2ml无血清DMEM洗涤细胞。在划痕后0、16、24和48小时拍摄MCF-7细胞增殖的图像。划痕试验一式三份。
动物实验
大鼠:20只Sprague-Dawley雄性大鼠,其中10只接受艾塞那肽-4(10 μg/kg)治疗,另10只作为对照组。研究周期为75天。提取胰腺组织和血清进行组织学和生化分析。比较两组大鼠的血糖、脂肪酶、淀粉酶和脂肪细胞因子水平[5]。
小鼠:在前14天,每24小时向艾塞那肽-4治疗组给予10 μg/kg的艾塞那肽-4。此为初始治疗阶段。每24小时,相应的对照小鼠(瘦鼠和ob/ob小鼠)给予生理盐水。接受艾塞那肽-4治疗的小鼠在14天后随机分为两组:第一组每12小时接受高剂量艾塞那肽-4(20 μg/kg)治疗,第二组每12小时接受低剂量艾塞那肽-4(10 μg/kg)治疗。对照组小鼠每12小时仍接受生理盐水注射。在为期60天的治疗期间,每天对小鼠进行称重[4]。
ob/ob小鼠模型的使用及艾塞那肽(艾塞那肽-4)治疗 [4]
本研究使用了6周龄的肥胖雄性(ob/ob)小鼠及其瘦型同窝小鼠。我们对ob/ob小鼠及其瘦型同窝小鼠均采用相同的治疗方案。所有动物均接受为期60天的治疗。在最初的14天里,每24小时给予艾塞那肽(Exendin-4)10 μg/kg的剂量治疗。此治疗阶段为诱导期。相应的对照小鼠(瘦鼠和ob/ob小鼠)每24小时接受生理盐水注射。14天后,将接受艾塞那肽治疗的小鼠随机分为两组:一组每12小时接受高剂量艾塞那肽(20 μg/kg)治疗,另一组继续每12小时接受低剂量艾塞那肽(10 μg/kg)治疗。
艾塞那肽(Exendin-4)的给药和组织取出[5]
高纯度药物(艾塞那肽(Exendin-4))储存于-70°C,并根据需要配制剂量。为了更好地阐明艾塞那肽-4对大鼠胰腺的影响,并参考先前关于艾塞那肽-4在大鼠体内的研究,我们决定采用10 μg/kg的剂量[7]。每天在大鼠进食的12小时黑暗期之前,立即皮下注射该剂量给治疗组大鼠。每周记录动物体重,并根据体重调整剂量。治疗75天后,处死10只艾塞那肽治疗组大鼠和10只对照组大鼠。采集每只动物的血清,并将尸检组织标本固定于10%福尔马林溶液中。血管反应性实验[6] 在所有血管节段达到稳定的收缩平台期后,向器官浴槽中注入递增剂量的艾塞那肽(艾塞那肽-4),并评估其舒张反应。用于舒张主动脉的艾塞那肽剂量与我们用于预收缩血管的肾上腺素剂量相关。静息状态下血浆肾上腺素水平约为 30 pM,而我们的实验中使用的浓度为 100 nM,是静息浓度的 3000 倍。血浆艾塞那肽水平为 70 pM,而我们的实验中使用的浓度是静息浓度的 4500 倍。
为了确定艾塞那肽(艾塞那肽-4)血管舒张作用的细胞外和细胞内介质,我们进行了一系列实验。在用肾上腺素收缩血管之前,我们用不同的材料预孵育血管(每个实验 n = 5)。为了确定艾塞那肽引起的血管舒张是否通过 GLP-1R 受体介导,我们预先用 GLP-1R 受体拮抗剂艾塞那肽(9-39)(32 μM,30 分钟)孵育血管。由于艾塞那肽(9-39)与 GLP-1R 受体的亲和力低于艾塞那肽,我们使用的受体拮抗剂浓度是最高剂量艾塞那肽浓度的十倍。
药代性质 (ADME/PK)
吸收、分布和排泄
艾塞那肽在2.1小时内达到血浆峰浓度。由于艾塞那肽是皮下注射给药,其生物利用度为1。
艾塞那肽主要通过肾小球滤过,随后经蛋白水解,最终经尿液排出。
28.3升。
9.1升/小时。
单次注射Bydureon后,艾塞那肽会在大约10周内从微球中释放。初始阶段是表面结合的艾塞那肽的释放,随后艾塞那肽从微球中逐渐释放,导致血浆中艾塞那肽浓度在第2周左右和第6至7周左右分别出现两个峰值,这分别代表微球的水化和侵蚀。开始每7天(每周)一次给予2 mg Bydureon后,血浆艾塞那肽浓度在6至7周内逐渐升高。6至7周后,在每7天(每周)一次的给药间隔内,平均艾塞那肽浓度维持在约300 pg/mL,表明已达到稳态。
非临床研究表明,艾塞那肽主要通过肾小球滤过清除,随后经蛋白水解降解。艾塞那肽在人体内的平均表观清除率为9.1 L/hr,平均终末半衰期为2.4 hr。艾塞那肽的这些药代动力学特征与剂量无关。在大多数个体中,给药后约10小时内可检测到艾塞那肽的浓度。
单次皮下注射百泌达后,艾塞那肽的平均表观分布容积为28.3升。
2型糖尿病患者皮下注射艾塞那肽后,血浆峰浓度中位数在2.1小时内达到。皮下注射10微克百泌达后,艾塞那肽的平均峰浓度(Cmax)为211 pg/mL,平均时间-浓度曲线下面积(AUC0-inf)为1036 pg·hr/mL。在5微克至10微克的治疗剂量范围内,艾塞那肽的暴露量(AUC)呈比例增加。在同一剂量范围内,Cmax值的增加幅度小于AUC。在腹部、大腿或上臂皮下注射百泌达(Byetta)可达到类似的药物暴露量。
有关艾塞那肽(共6项)的更多吸收、分布和排泄(完整)数据,请访问HSDB记录页面。
代谢/代谢物
艾塞那肽经肾小球滤过后,会被二肽基肽酶-4、金属蛋白酶、内肽酶24-11、氨基蛋白酶和丝氨酸蛋白酶降解为较小的肽和氨基酸。目前认为,金属蛋白酶是艾塞那肽降解的主要酶。艾塞那肽在肾脏中经酶代谢为长度小于3个氨基酸的小肽。
生物半衰期
2.4小时
终末半衰期在小鼠中为18分钟,在大鼠中为114分钟。
人类平均终末半衰期为2.4小时
毒性/毒理 (Toxicokinetics/TK)
毒性概述
识别和用途:艾塞那肽是一种白色至类白色粉末,配制成皮下注射液。艾塞那肽有每日两次给药的剂型和每周一次给药的缓释剂型。艾塞那肽是一种合成的长效人胰高血糖素样肽-1 (GLP-1) 受体激动剂(肠促胰岛素类似物)。它与饮食和运动联合使用,用于改善2型糖尿病成人患者的血糖控制。人体暴露和毒性:一项临床研究报告了艾塞那肽过量用药的情况。不良反应包括严重恶心、严重呕吐和血糖浓度迅速下降。上市后报告还包括急性胰腺炎,包括需要住院治疗的致命性和非致命性出血性或坏死性胰腺炎,以及严重的超敏反应(例如过敏性休克和血管性水肿)。使用艾塞那肽后,曾有报道出现肾功能恶化(例如,血清肌酐浓度升高、肾功能损害/不足、慢性肾衰竭,有时甚至需要血液透析或肾移植的急性肾衰竭)。在临床相关剂量下,艾塞那肽缓释制剂还会导致大鼠发生甲状腺C细胞肿瘤。目前尚不清楚该药物是否会在人类中引起甲状腺C细胞肿瘤,包括甲状腺髓样癌(MTC),因为临床和非临床研究均未能确定其对人类的相关性。因此,对于有MTC个人史或家族史的患者,以及患有2型多发性内分泌肿瘤综合征的患者,禁用艾塞那肽缓释制剂。动物研究:在雄性小鼠中,以高达760 μg/kg/天的剂量给予艾塞那肽,未发现对生育能力的不良影响。然而,艾塞那肽确实会导致大鼠、小鼠和兔子的发育毒性。在妊娠第6、9、12和15天,对妊娠大鼠皮下注射0.3、1或3 mg/kg的艾塞那肽缓释剂,结果显示所有剂量组的胎儿生长均受到抑制,且在1和3 mg/kg剂量组出现骨骼骨化缺陷,并伴有母体效应(食物摄入量减少和体重增长减少)。在妊娠第6至15天(器官形成期),对妊娠小鼠皮下注射6、68、460或760 μg/kg/天的艾塞那肽,结果在6 μg/kg/天剂量组观察到腭裂(部分伴有裂孔)以及肋骨和颅骨骨骼发育异常。在妊娠第6天至第18天(器官形成期),分别以0.2、2、22、156或260 μg/kg/天的剂量皮下注射艾塞那肽给妊娠兔,结果在2 μg/kg/天的剂量组观察到胎儿骨骼骨化异常。此外,还在大鼠中进行了艾塞那肽致癌性研究。在以18、70或250 μg/kg/天的剂量皮下注射艾塞那肽的雌性大鼠中观察到良性甲状腺C细胞腺瘤。在另一项艾塞那肽缓释制剂致癌性研究中,每隔一周皮下注射0.3、1.0和3.0 mg/kg的剂量给雄性和雌性大鼠。结果显示,雄性和雌性大鼠的甲状腺C细胞肿瘤发生率均显著增加。与对照组(男性13%,女性7%)相比,所有剂量组(女性27%~31%)以及1.0 mg/kg和3.0 mg/kg剂量组(男性分别为46%和47%)的C细胞腺瘤发生率均有统计学意义上的显著升高。高剂量组女性C细胞癌的发生率显著高于对照组(6%),而低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组男性C细胞癌的发生率分别为3%、7%和4%(与对照组相比无统计学意义),但数值上高于对照组(男性和女性均为0%)。在接受3 mg/kg剂量的男性注射部位的皮下组织中观察到良性纤维瘤的增加。所有剂量组均未观察到与治疗相关的注射部位纤维肉瘤。在Ames细菌诱变性试验或中国仓鼠卵巢细胞染色体畸变试验中,无论是否经过代谢活化,艾塞那肽均未表现出诱变性或致染色体断裂性。体内小鼠微核试验结果为阴性。
肝毒性
艾塞那肽引起的肝损伤即使发生,也极为罕见。在大型临床试验中,艾塞那肽治疗组的血清酶升高发生率并不高于安慰剂组或对照药物组,且未报告任何临床上明显的肝损伤病例。自上市以来,尚未有艾塞那肽引起肝毒性的病例报告发表,且产品说明书中也未将肝损伤列为不良事件。艾塞那肽与罕见的急性胰腺炎病例相关,但即使是这种并发症,通常也不会引起血清胆红素和转氨酶水平升高。
妊娠和哺乳期影响
◉ 哺乳期用药概述
目前尚无艾塞那肽在哺乳期临床应用的信息。由于艾塞那肽是一种分子量为 4187 道尔顿的大肽分子,其在乳汁中的含量可能非常低,且由于可能在婴儿的胃肠道中部分被破坏,因此不太可能被吸收。其半衰期较短,这使其成为哺乳期妇女在同类药物中更好的选择。如果母亲需要使用艾塞那肽,则无需停止母乳喂养。然而,在获得更多数据之前,哺乳期妇女应谨慎使用艾塞那肽,尤其是在哺乳新生儿或早产儿时。
◉ 对母乳喂养婴儿的影响
截至修订日期,未找到相关的已发表信息。
◉ 对泌乳和母乳的影响
截至修订日期,未找到相关的已发表信息。
蛋白质结合
尚未确定艾塞那肽的蛋白质结合情况。
药物相互作用
上市后经验表明,艾塞那肽与华法林合用时,曾有国际标准化比值 (INR) 升高的报道,有时伴有出血。在一项药物相互作用研究中,当在给予艾塞那肽(5 μg 皮下注射,每日两次,持续 2 天;然后 10 μg 皮下注射,每日两次,持续 7 天)35 分钟后给予华法林钠(单次 25 mg 剂量)时,未观察到华法林(S- 或 R-对映体)的 AUC、血浆峰浓度或治疗反应(以 INR 表示)发生具有临床意义的变化;然而,华法林达到峰浓度的时间延迟了约 2 小时。对于接受华法林治疗的患者,在开始或改变艾塞那肽治疗后,应更频繁地监测凝血酶原时间。一旦凝血酶原时间稳定,即可按照通常建议华法林治疗患者的监测间隔监测凝血酶原时间。
在健康女性中,皮下注射艾塞那肽(10 μg,每日两次)30分钟后重复每日服用固定复方口服避孕药(30 μg炔雌醇和150 μg左炔诺孕酮),可使炔雌醇和左炔诺孕酮的血浆峰浓度分别降低45%和27%,并使炔雌醇和左炔诺孕酮的血浆峰浓度出现时间分别延迟3小时和3.5小时。在注射艾塞那肽前1小时重复每日服用固定复方口服避孕药,可使炔雌醇的平均血浆峰浓度降低15%;然而,左炔诺孕酮的平均血浆峰浓度没有显著变化。在两种给药方案中,重复每日服用固定复方口服避孕药后,艾塞那肽均未改变左炔诺孕酮的平均谷浓度;然而,当固定复方口服避孕药在艾塞那肽注射后30分钟服用时,炔雌醇的平均谷浓度升高了20%。在本研究中,艾塞那肽对口服避孕药药代动力学的影响可能受到食物对口服避孕药的影响。因此,口服避孕药应在服用艾塞那肽前至少1小时服用。
在服用洛伐他汀(单次口服40毫克)前30分钟皮下注射艾塞那肽(10微克,每日两次)可使洛伐他汀的AUC和血浆峰浓度分别降低约40%和28%,并使洛伐他汀达到血浆峰浓度的时间延迟4小时。在临床试验中,对于已接受HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂(他汀类药物)治疗的患者,使用艾塞那肽并未引起血脂谱与基线相比的持续性变化。
对于接受稳定剂量赖诺普利(每日5-20 mg)治疗的轻度至中度高血压患者,皮下注射艾塞那肽(每日两次,每次10 μg)并未改变赖诺普利的稳态AUC或血浆峰浓度,也未改变24小时平均收缩压和舒张压。然而,赖诺普利达到血浆峰浓度的稳态时间延迟了2小时。
有关艾塞那肽的更多药物相互作用(完整)数据(共10项),请访问HSDB记录页面。
参考文献

[1]. The importance of the nine-amino acid C-terminal sequence of exendin-4 for binding to the GLP-1 receptor and for biological activity. Regul Pept. 2003 Jul 15;114(2-3):153-8.

[2]. Exenatide exerts direct protective effects on endothelial cells through the AMPK/Akt/eNOS pathway in a GLP-1 receptor-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Jun 1;310(11):E947-57.

[3]. Antidiabetic exendin-4 activates apoptotic pathway and inhibits growth of breast cancer cells. Tumour Biol. 2016 Feb;37(2):2647-53.

[4]. Exendin-4, a glucagon-like protein-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, reverses hepatic steatosis in ob/obmice. Hepatology. 2006 Jan;43(1):173-81.

[5]. Biochemical and histological effects of exendin-4 (exenatide) on the rat pancreas. Diabetologia. 2010 Jan;53(1):153-9.

[6]. Exenatide induces aortic vasodilation increasing hydrogen sulphide, carbon monoxide and nitric oxide production. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2014 Apr 2;13:69.

其他信息
治疗用途
降血糖药
百泌达(Byetta)是一种胰高血糖素样肽-1 (GLP-1) 受体激动剂,适用于作为饮食和运动的辅助治疗,以改善2型糖尿病成人患者的血糖控制。/美国产品标签/
百度隆(Bydureon)是一种胰高血糖素样肽-1 (GLP-1) 受体激动剂,适用于作为饮食和运动的辅助治疗,以改善2型糖尿病成人患者的血糖控制。百度隆是艾塞那肽的缓释制剂。请勿与百泌达同时使用。/美国产品标签/
开始使用百度隆治疗时,无需事先使用百泌达。如果决定对已服用百泌达的合适患者开始使用百度隆,则应停用百泌达。从百泌达 (Byetta) 换用拜度利 (Bydureon) 的患者可能会出现短暂(约 2 周)的血糖浓度升高。
有关艾塞那肽 (Exenatide) 的更多治疗用途(完整)数据(共 8 项),请访问 HSDB 记录页面。
药物警告
/黑框警告/ 警告:甲状腺 C 细胞肿瘤风险。在临床相关暴露量下,艾塞那肽缓释片可导致大鼠发生甲状腺 C 细胞肿瘤。目前尚不清楚拜度利是否会在人类中导致甲状腺 C 细胞肿瘤,包括甲状腺髓样癌 (MTC),因为临床或非临床研究均无法确定其与人类的相关性。拜度瑞恩禁用于有甲状腺髓样癌(MTC)个人史或家族史的患者,以及患有2型多发性内分泌肿瘤综合征(MENS2)的患者。
上市后监测数据显示,艾塞那肽可引起急性胰腺炎,包括需要住院治疗的致命性和非致命性出血性或坏死性胰腺炎。持续性剧烈腹痛,可能伴有呕吐,是急性胰腺炎的典型症状。大多数发生胰腺炎的患者至少存在一项其他急性胰腺炎危险因素(例如,胆结石、严重高甘油三酯血症、饮酒),并且需要住院治疗。部分患者出现严重并发症,包括脱水和肾功能衰竭、疑似肠梗阻、蜂窝织炎和腹水。部分患者的急性或加重性胰腺炎与艾塞那肽剂量从每日两次5微克增加至每日两次10微克(最大推荐剂量)存在暂时性关联。部分患者在再次使用该药物后出现急性胰腺炎症状(例如恶心、呕吐、腹痛);一名患者在永久停用该药物后腹痛缓解。大多数患者在停用艾塞那肽后病情有所改善。
美国食品药品监督管理局 (FDA) 正在评估一些尚未发表的研究结果,这些结果表明,接受肠促胰素类似物(艾塞那肽、利拉鲁肽、西格列汀、沙格列汀、阿格列汀或利格列汀)治疗的 2 型糖尿病患者发生胰腺炎和癌前细胞改变(胰管化生)的风险增加。这些研究结果基于对少量因不明原因死亡的接受肠促胰素类似物治疗患者的胰腺组织标本的检查。FDA 尚未就肠促胰素类似物的安全风险得出任何新的结论。 FDA将在审查完成后或有其他信息需要报告时,将审查结论和建议通知医疗保健专业人员。FDA指出,目前临床医生应继续遵循肠促胰素类似物处方信息中的建议。生产商指出,开始使用艾塞那肽后,以及剂量增加后,应密切观察患者是否出现急性胰腺炎的体征和症状(例如,不明原因的持续性剧烈腹痛,可能放射至背部;恶心;呕吐;血清淀粉酶或脂肪酶浓度升高)。如果怀疑患有胰腺炎,应立即停止使用艾塞那肽和其他可能引起胰腺炎的药物,进行确诊性检查(例如,血清淀粉酶或脂肪酶浓度、影像学检查),并开始适当的治疗。如果确诊患有胰腺炎,则不应重新使用艾塞那肽。艾塞那肽尚未在有胰腺炎病史的患者中进行研究。对于此类患者,应考虑其他抗糖尿病疗法。
使用艾塞那肽治疗后,罕见肾功能恶化(例如,血清肌酐浓度升高、肾功能损害/不足、慢性肾功能衰竭加重、急性肾功能衰竭,有时需要血液透析或肾移植)的报道。部分此类事件发生在出现恶心、呕吐和/或腹泻(伴或不伴脱水)的患者中;这些不良反应可能导致这些患者出现肾功能改变。部分此类事件也发生在接受艾塞那肽联合其他已知会影响肾功能或水合状态的药物(例如,血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、非甾体类抗炎药、利尿剂)治疗的患者中。临床前或临床研究均未发现艾塞那肽具有直接肾毒性。肾脏损害通常可通过支持治疗和停用潜在致病药物(包括艾塞那肽)逆转。肾功能改变可能是糖尿病的后果,与艾塞那肽治疗相关的任何风险无关。临床医生应密切监测接受艾塞那肽治疗的患者,观察其肾功能障碍的体征和症状,如果怀疑存在肾功能障碍且无法用其他原因解释,则应考虑停药。
有关艾塞那肽的更多药物警告(完整版)(共15条)数据,请访问HSDB记录页面。
药效学
患者服用艾塞那肽后,身体对葡萄糖的自然反应会受到调节。葡萄糖刺激后,胰岛素释放增加,胰高血糖素释放减少;但在低血糖的情况下,胰高血糖素的释放量正常。艾塞那肽还会减缓胃排空,从而减缓并延长葡萄糖释放到体循环的时间。这些作用共同预防高血糖和低血糖。
胰高血糖素样肽-1 (GLP-1) 可能对心血管系统有直接的有利作用。本研究旨在探讨GLP-1类似物艾塞那肽对2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉内皮功能改善的影响及其潜在机制。研究纳入新诊断的2型糖尿病患者,随机分为两组,分别接受生活方式干预或生活方式干预联合艾塞那肽治疗。治疗12周后,冠状动脉血流速度储备(CFVR,冠状动脉内皮功能的重要指标)显著改善,且艾塞那肽治疗组的血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)和可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1(sVCAM-1)水平较基线和对照组显著降低。值得注意的是,CFVR与糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)呈负相关,与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)呈正相关。在人脐静脉内皮细胞中,艾塞那肽-4(一种艾塞那肽衍生物)以剂量依赖的方式显著增加NO生成、内皮型NO合酶(eNOS)磷酸化和GTP环化酶1(GTPCH1)水平。GLP-1受体(GLP-1R)拮抗剂艾塞那肽(9-39)或GLP-1R siRNA、腺苷酸环化酶抑制剂SQ-22536、AMPK抑制剂Compound C和PI3K抑制剂LY-294002均能消除艾塞那肽-4的作用。此外,艾塞那肽-4通过降低sICAM-1和活性氧(ROS)水平并上调NO生成和eNOS磷酸化,逆转了同型半胱氨酸诱导的内皮功能障碍。同样,艾塞那肽(9-39)减弱了艾塞那肽-4对同型半胱氨酸诱导的内皮功能障碍的保护作用。总之,艾塞那肽可显著改善新诊断的 2 型糖尿病患者的冠状动脉内皮功能。其作用机制可能是通过 GLP-1R/cAMP 依赖性机制激活 AMPK/PI3K-Akt/eNOS 通路。[2]
*注: 文献方法仅供参考, InvivoChem并未独立验证这些方法的准确性
化学信息 & 存储运输条件
分子式
C₁₈₄H₂₈₂N₅₀O₆₀S
分子量
4186.57
精确质量
4184.03
元素分析
C, 52.79; H, 6.79; N, 16.73; O, 22.93; S, 0.77
CAS号
141758-74-9
相关CAS号
Exendin-4 acetate; 914454-01-6
PubChem CID
53396299
序列
His-Gly-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Leu-Ser-Lys-Gln-Met-Glu-Glu-Glu-Ala-Val-Arg-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu-Trp-Leu-Lys-Asn-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-NH2
短序列
HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPS-NH2
外观&性状
White to off-white solid powder
LogP
-21
tPSA
1775.05
氢键供体(HBD)数目
58
氢键受体(HBA)数目
66
可旋转键数目(RBC)
135
重原子数目
295
分子复杂度/Complexity
10300
定义原子立体中心数目
0
SMILES
[HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPS-NH2]
InChi Key
HTQBXNHDCUEHJF-XWLPCZSASA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C184H282N50O60S/c1-16-94(10)147(178(289)213-114(52-58-144(257)258)163(274)218-121(73-101-77-195-105-39-24-23-38-103(101)105)168(279)215-116(68-90(2)3)165(276)205-107(41-26-28-61-186)158(269)219-122(75-134(189)243)154(265)198-79-135(244)196-83-139(248)231-63-30-43-129(231)175(286)225-127(87-238)174(285)223-125(85-236)155(266)200-80-136(245)202-96(12)181(292)233-65-32-45-131(233)183(294)234-66-33-46-132(234)182(293)232-64-31-44-130(232)176(287)222-124(84-235)150(190)261)229-170(281)119(71-99-34-19-17-20-35-99)217-166(277)117(69-91(4)5)214-159(270)108(42-29-62-194-184(191)192)212-177(288)146(93(8)9)228-151(262)95(11)203-156(267)111(49-55-141(251)252)208-161(272)112(50-56-142(253)254)209-162(273)113(51-57-143(255)256)210-164(275)115(59-67-295-15)211-160(271)110(47-53-133(188)242)207-157(268)106(40-25-27-60-185)206-172(283)126(86-237)224-167(278)118(70-92(6)7)216-169(280)123(76-145(259)260)220-173(284)128(88-239)226-180(291)149(98(14)241)230-171(282)120(72-100-36-21-18-22-37-100)221-179(290)148(97(13)240)227-138(247)82-199-153(264)109(48-54-140(249)250)204-137(246)81-197-152(263)104(187)74-102-78-193-89-201-102/h17-24,34-39,77-78,89-98,104,106-132,146-149,195,235-241H,16,25-33,40-76,79-88,185-187H2,1-15H3,(H2,188,242)(H2,189,243)(H2,190,261)(H,193,201)(H,196,244)(H,197,263)(H,198,265)(H,199,264)(H,200,266)(H,202,245)(H,203,267)(H,204,246)(H,205,276)(H,206,283)(H,207,268)(H,208,272)(H,209,273)(H,210,275)(H,211,271)(H,212,288)(H,213,289)(H,214,270)(H,215,279)(H,216,280)(H,217,277)(H,218,274)(H,219,269)(H,220,284)(H,221,290)(H,222,287)(H,223,285)(H,224,278)(H,225,286)(H,226,291)(H,227,247)(H,228,262)(H,229,281)(H,230,282)(H,249,250)(H,251,252)(H,253,254)(H,255,256)(H,257,258)(H,259,260)(H4,191,192,194)/t94-,95-,96-,97+,98+,104-,106-,107-,108-,109-,110-,111-,112-,113-,114-,115-,116-,117-,118-,119-,120-,121-,122-,123-,124-,125-,126-,127-,128-,129-,130-,131-,132-,146-,147-,148-,149-/m0/s1
化学名
(4S)-5-[[2-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[2-[[2-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-amino-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-carboxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-4-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
别名
DA 3091; ITCA 650; LY 2148568; LY2148568; Byetta; Exenatide; Exendin-4; 141758-74-9; Exendin 4 (Heloderma suspectum); PT302; AC 2993; Exenatide; AC 2993A; AC-2993; Exendin-4; AC002993; AC2993; AC2993A; Bydureon
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
存储方式

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

注意: 请将本产品存放在密封且受保护的环境中(例如氮气保护),避免吸湿/受潮和光照。
运输条件
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
溶解度数据
溶解度 (体外实验)
H2O: ~33.3 mg/mL (~8.0 mM)
DMSO: ≥ 32 mg/mL (~7.6 mM)
Ethanol: < 1 mg/mL
溶解度 (体内实验)

Note: 如何溶解多肽产品?请参考本产品网页右上角“产品说明书”文件,第4页。
配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (0.60 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入到400 μL PEG300中,混匀;然后向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80,混匀;加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。
*生理盐水的制备:将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中,得到澄清溶液。

配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (0.60 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD生理盐水溶液中,混匀。
*20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备(4°C,1 周):将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中,得到澄清溶液。

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配方 3 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (0.60 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 澄清 DMSO 储备液加入到 900 μL 玉米油中并混合均匀。


配方 4 中的溶解度: 100 mg/mL (23.89 mM) in PBS (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液; 超声助溶 (<60°C).

请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案:
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL;

3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用!
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。
制备储备液 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 0.2389 mL 1.1943 mL 2.3886 mL
5 mM 0.0478 mL 0.2389 mL 0.4777 mL
10 mM 0.0239 mL 0.1194 mL 0.2389 mL

1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;

2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;

3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);

4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。

计算器

摩尔浓度计算器可计算特定溶液所需的质量、体积/浓度,具体如下:

  • 计算制备已知体积和浓度的溶液所需的化合物的质量
  • 计算将已知质量的化合物溶解到所需浓度所需的溶液体积
  • 计算特定体积中已知质量的化合物产生的溶液的浓度
使用摩尔浓度计算器计算摩尔浓度的示例如下所示:
假如化合物的分子量为350.26 g/mol,在5mL DMSO中制备10mM储备液所需的化合物的质量是多少?
  • 在分子量(MW)框中输入350.26
  • 在“浓度”框中输入10,然后选择正确的单位(mM)
  • 在“体积”框中输入5,然后选择正确的单位(mL)
  • 单击“计算”按钮
  • 答案17.513 mg出现在“质量”框中。以类似的方式,您可以计算体积和浓度。

稀释计算器可计算如何稀释已知浓度的储备液。例如,可以输入C1、C2和V2来计算V1,具体如下:

制备25毫升25μM溶液需要多少体积的10 mM储备溶液?
使用方程式C1V1=C2V2,其中C1=10mM,C2=25μM,V2=25 ml,V1未知:
  • 在C1框中输入10,然后选择正确的单位(mM)
  • 在C2框中输入25,然后选择正确的单位(μM)
  • 在V2框中输入25,然后选择正确的单位(mL)
  • 单击“计算”按钮
  • 答案62.5μL(0.1 ml)出现在V1框中
g/mol

分子量计算器可计算化合物的分子量 (摩尔质量)和元素组成,具体如下:

注:化学分子式大小写敏感:C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
计算化合物摩尔质量(分子量)的说明:
  • 要计算化合物的分子量 (摩尔质量),请输入化学/分子式,然后单击“计算”按钮。
分子质量、分子量、摩尔质量和摩尔量的定义:
  • 分子质量(或分子量)是一种物质的一个分子的质量,用统一的原子质量单位(u)表示。(1u等于碳-12中一个原子质量的1/12)
  • 摩尔质量(摩尔重量)是一摩尔物质的质量,以g/mol表示。
/

配液计算器可计算将特定质量的产品配成特定浓度所需的溶剂体积 (配液体积)

  • 输入试剂的质量、所需的配液浓度以及正确的单位
  • 单击“计算”按钮
  • 答案显示在体积框中
动物体内实验配方计算器(澄清溶液)
第一步:请输入基本实验信息(考虑到实验过程中的损耗,建议多配一只动物的药量)
第二步:请输入动物体内配方组成(配方适用于不溶/难溶于水的化合物),不同的产品和批次配方组成不同,如对配方有疑问,可先联系我们提供正确的体内实验配方。此外,请注意这只是一个配方计算器,而不是特定产品的确切配方。
+
+
+

计算结果:

工作液浓度 mg/mL;

DMSO母液配制方法 mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。

体内配方配制方法μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。

(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
            (2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。

临床试验信息
A Pan-European Post-Authorisation Safety Study: Risk of Pancreatic Cancer Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients Who Initiated Exenatide as Compared With Those Who Initiated Other Non-Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists Based Glucose Lowering Drugs
CTID: NCT05663515
Phase:    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-11-01
Comparison of Type 2 Diabetes Pharmacotherapy Regimens
CTID: NCT05073692
Phase:    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-10-24
GLP-1 and Hyperoxia for Organ Protection in Heart Surgery
CTID: NCT02673931
Phase: N/A    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2024-08-28
Exenatide For Reducing the Reinforcing Effects of Cocaine
CTID: NCT06252623
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-08-06
Diabetes Islet Preservation Immune Treatment
CTID: NCT02586831
Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2    Status: Withdrawn
Date: 2024-06-06
View More

Brain Activation and Satiety in Children 2
CTID: NCT04520490
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2024-05-14


Exenatide-test for Diagnosing Endogenous Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia
CTID: NCT04909333
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-05-08
Haemodynamic Effects of GLP-1 and Glucagon in Healthy Male Volunteers
CTID: NCT03835013
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-04-03
Exenatide Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Gestational Diabetes
CTID: NCT05482789
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-03-08
FLuctuATion Reduction With inSULin and Glp-1 Added togetheR (FLAT-SUGAR)
CTID: NCT01524705
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-12-29
Can Exenatide Prevent Increase in EGP in Response to Dapagliflozin-induced Increase in Glucosuria
CTID: NCT03331289
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-07-24
Effect of Chronic Exenatide Therapy on Beta Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in T2DM
CTID: NCT02981069
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-07-20
Impact of Exenatide on Cardiovascular Exercise Performance in Type 2 Diabetes
CTID: NCT01364584
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-07-12
Extended Release Exenatide Versus Placebo In Diabetic Patients With Type 4 Cardiorenal Syndrome
CTID: NCT02251431
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-05-17
Impact of Exenatide on Sleep Duration
CTID: NCT01416649
Phase:    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-04-26
Effects on Re-endothelialisation With Bydureon Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes Subjects
CTID: NCT02621489
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-04-20
Pharmacogenomics of GLP1 Receptor Agonists
CTID: NCT05762744
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Terminated
Date: 2023-03-10
The Effect of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist on Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity in Stroke
CTID: NCT02829502
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-03-03
GLP-1 Agonism for Blocking Cocaine Euphoria and Self-Administration
CTID: NCT02302976
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-02-16
Exeantide in Type 2 Diabetes on Insulin
CTID: NCT01154933
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-10-06
Effects of Exenatide on Motor Function and the Brain
CTID: NCT03456687
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-09-16
Exenatide Treatment in Parkinson's Disease
CTID: NCT04305002
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2022-09-13
Exenatide for Treating Cocaine Use Disorder
CTID: NCT04941521
Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-06-27
Effect of Exenatide, Sitagliptin or Glimepiride on Functional ß -Cell Mass
CTID: NCT00775684
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-06-07
Double-blinded, 6 Months Study With Bydureon® or Placebo in Adolescents With Obesity to Explore Changes in BMI
CTID: NCT02794402
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-05-18
Energy Balance & Weight Loss in Craniopharyngioma-related or Other Hypothalamic Tumors in Hypothalamic Obesity
CTID: NCT02664441
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-05-05
Effects of Combined Dapagliflozin and Exenatide Versus Dapagliflozin and Placebo on Ectopic Lipids in Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
CTID: NCT03007329
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-04-15
Effects of GLP-1 Analogue Combined With Metformin and Metformin on Gonadal and Metabolic Profiles in Chinese Overweight/Obese PCOS Patients With Hyperandrogenemia.
CTID: NCT04969627
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-04-14
GLP Analogs for Diabetes in Wolfram Syndrome Patients
CTID: NCT01302327
Phase: N/A    Status: Withdrawn
Date: 2022-03-29
Efficacy and Safety of the Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC) Versus GLP-1 Receptor Agonist in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, With a FRC Extension Period
CTID: NCT02787551
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-03-25
The Effects of Exenatide, a GLP-1 Agonist, on Alcohol Self-Administration in Heavy Drinkers
CTID: NCT03645408
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Terminated
Date: 2022-02-09
Exenatide Weekly Injections as an Adjunctive Treatment in Patients With Schizophrenia
CTID: NCT02417142
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-01-14
Trial of EXenatide in Acute Ischaemic Stroke
CTID: NCT03287076
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2021-09-14
Effectiveness of Exenatide Plus Dapagliflozin on 24 Hour Glucose Variability Measured by CGM. A Proof of Concept.
CTID: NCT03970044
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-08-30
Long-acting Exenatide and Cognitive Decline in Dysglycemic Patients
CTID: NCT02847403
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2021-08-17
New Onset Type 1 Diabetes: Role of Exenatide
CTID: NCT01269034
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-08-04
Weight Loss With Exenatide Treatment
CTID: NCT01590433
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-06-23
DECREASE: Dapagliflozin Plus Exenatide on Central REgulation of Appetite in diabeteS typE 2
CTID: NCT03361098
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-06-11
Does Treatment With GLP-1 Reduce Alcohol Intake in Patients With Alcohol Dependence?
CTID: NCT03232112
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-06-04
Bexagliflozin Drug/Drug Interaction Study With Exenatide Injection
CTID: NCT03167411
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-05-28
Evaluating Exenatide for the Treatment of Postprandial Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia
CTID: NCT02685852
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-05-06
Effects of GLP-1 RAs on Weight and Metabolic Indicators in Obese Patients
CTID: NCT03671733
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2021-04-09
Impact of Perioperative Exenatide Infusion on Quality of Life in Cardiac Surgery Patients
CTID: NCT02432976
Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-03-09
Exenatide Once Weekly for Smoking Cessation
CTID: NCT02975297
Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-01-28
Safety and Efficacy of Exenatide as Monotherapy and Adjunctive Therapy to Oral Antidiabetic Agents in Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes
CTID: NCT00658021
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-12-01
COMBinAtion Therapy in Myocardial Infarction: The COMBAT-MI Trial
CTID: NCT02404376
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-11-03
A Study Comparing the Effect of Albiglutide With Exenatide on Regional Brain Activity Related to Nausea in Healthy Subjects
CTID: NCT02802514
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Terminated
Date: 2020-10-30
An Exploratory Study on the Effects of Repeat Doses of Albiglutide Compared to Exenatide on Gastric Myoelectrical Activity and Gastric Emptying in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Subjects
CTID: NCT02793154
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Terminated
Date: 2020-10-30
Evaluating the Use of Exenatide in People With Type 2 Diabetes and Diastolic Heart Failure
CTID: NCT00799435
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Terminated
Date: 2020-09-04
Gut Derived Hormones, Body Composition and Metabolism in Prader-Willi Syndrome
CTID: NCT00551343
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-07-07
The Potential of Dapagliflozin Plus Exenatide in Obese Insulin-resistant Patients
CTID: NCT03419624
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Terminated
Date: 2020-03-31
A Phase II Trial to Examine the Effect of Subcutaneous Exenatide (Bydureon®) on Glucose Control in Patients With Type I Diabetes
CTID: NCT01928329
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-03-19
Effect of Exenatide on 24h-UAER in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy
CTID: NCT02690883
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-03-09
Gut Hormones in Obesity, Nicotine and Alcohol Dependence
CTID: NCT02690987
PhaseEarly Phase 1    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2020-02-13
Effects of Exenatide on Hypothalamic Obesity
CTID: NCT01061775
Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-10-08
Research of Exenatide for Overweight/Obese PCOS Patients With IGR
CTID: NCT03352869
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-09-11
Exenatide Compared With Insulin Glargine to Change Liver Fat Content in Type 2 Diabetes
CTID: NCT02303730
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-08-28
Metformin vs Metformin Combined With GLP-1RA (Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist) on Overweight/Obese PCOS Patients
CTID: NCT04029272
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2019-07-23
Meal-time Administration of Exenatide for Glycaemic Control in Type 1 Diabetic Cases
CTID: NCT03017352
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-07-10
Exenatide Inpatient Trial: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial on the Safety and Efficacy of Exenatide (Byetta®) Therapy for the Inpatient Management of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
CTID: NCT02455076
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-06-20
Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Exenatide ER 2.0 mg Once-weekly as add-on to 1-2 Oral Antidiabetic Drugs (OADs) in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
CTID: NCT01885208
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-06-13
The Effects of Exenatide (Byetta ) on Energy Expenditure and Weight Loss in Nondiabetic Obese Subjects
CTID: NCT00856609
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-06-04
A 12/24-weeks, Open, Multi-centre, Phase IV Study on Safety and Efficacy of 2mg Exenatide Once Weekly (Bydureon) in T2DM Patients.
CTID: NCT02533453
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-05-31
Role of Exenatide in Type 1 Diabetes
CTID: NCT00456300
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-02-26
Phase III Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Added Exenatide Versus Placebo to Titrated Basal Insulin Glargine in Inadequately Controlled Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus
CTID: NCT02229383
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-01-08
The Efficacy of Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide in Controlling Glycaemia in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on GLP-1 Receptor Agonist and OAD Therapy
CTID: NCT01676116
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-01-03
Efficacy and Safety of Basal Insulin Glargine Combination With Exenatide Bid vs Aspart30 in T2DM
CTID: NCT02467920
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2018-11-14
Comparison of Exenatide vs. Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 on Glucose Variability in Type 2 Diabetes
CTID: NCT02449603
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2018-11-14
Efficacy and Safety of Exenatide in the Treatment of Hypothalamic Obesity After Craniopharyngioma Therapy
CTID: NCT02860923
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2018-10-16
Impact of Exenatide on Sleep in Type 2 Diabetes
CTID: NCT01136798
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2018-09-12
Intravenous Exenatide in Patients With Acute Brain Injury
CTID: NCT02058940
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2018-07-12
Effects of Antidiabetic Medications on the Postprandial State in Prediabetes
CTID: NCT02104739
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2018-07-03
Effect of Bydureon on Carotid Atherosclerosis Progression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
CTID: NCT02162550
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2018-06-14
Effect of Exenatide on Cortisol Secretion
CTID: NCT03160261
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2018-05-03
Exenatide for the Treatment of Weight Gain Associated With Olanzapine in Obese Adults
CTID: NCT00845507
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2018-04-20
Exenatide and Impaired Hypoglycaemic Awareness in Type 1 Diabetes
CTID: NCT02735031
Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2018-04-12
Use of Exenatide and Pramlintide to Decrease Post-prandial Hyperglycemia
CTID: NCT01269047
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2018-04-12
Study Looking at Cardiovascular Effects of Exenatide, Its Blood Pressure Lowering Effect and Its Mechanisms
CTID: NCT01046721
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2018-03-06
Safety Evaluation of Adverse Reactions in Diabetes
CTID: NCT02092597
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2018-02-07
Effect of Pioglitazone and Exenatide on Body Weight and Beta Cell Function
CTID: NCT00845182
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2018-01-18
The Effect of Exenatide Compared to Lantus Insulin on Vascular Function in Type 2 Diabetes
CTID: NCT00353834
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2018-01-09
Research of Intensive Metabolic Intervention Before Pregnancy in PCOS
CTID: NCT03383068
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2017-12-26
Acute Effect of Exenatide on Brain Glucose Metabolism
CTID: NCT01588418
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-11-24
Effects of the GLP-1 Exenatide on Satiety in Lean and Obese Women
CTID: NCT01501084
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-11-07
Feasibility Study of Exenatide by Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion
CTID: NCT01857895
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-10-19
Exenatide for Stress Hyperglycemia
CTID: NCT01969149
Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-10-06
Pharmacology of Exenatide in Pediatric Sepsis
CTID: NCT01573806
Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2    Status: Withdrawn
Date: 2017-10-05
GLP-1 Analogs for Neuroprotection After Cardiac Arrest
CTID: NCT02442791
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-09-28
The Effect of Exenatide on Weight and Hunger in Obese, Healthy Women
CTID: NCT00456885
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-09-11
Effects Of Exenatide On Liver Biochemistry, Liver Histology And Lipid Metabolism In Patients With Fatty Liver Disease
CTID: NCT00529204
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Terminated
Date: 2017-06-20
Changes in Bone Turnover With Exposure to a GLP-1 Receptor Agonist
CTID: NCT01381926
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Terminated
Date: 2017-06-14
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Evaluation of Exenatide Twice Daily Versus Insulin Glargine
CTID: NCT01089569
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-05-23
The Effect of Byetta and Symlin on Post-meal Meal Blood Sugar Levels in Children With Type 2 Diabetes
CTID: NCT00950677
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-04-24
Role of Exenatide in NASH-a Pilot Study
CTID: NCT00650546
Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-04-11
Effect of Liraglutide or Exenatide Added to an Ongoing Treatment on Blood Glucose Control in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
CTID: NCT00518882
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-03-08
Weight Loss Study for Patients With Obesity Due to Craniopharyngioma or Other Brain Tumor
CTID: NCT01484873
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-03-03
Evaluation of Exenatide in Patients With Diabetic Neuropathy
CTID: NCT00855439
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-03-01
Clinical Trial for PB-119 in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
CTID: NCT03059719
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-02-23
A Comparison of Exenatide and Insulin Glargine
CTID: NCT02325960
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-02-23
The Effect of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist on Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity in Non-stroke Volunteers
CTID: NCT02838589
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-02-07
Roflumilast Plus Alogliptin Proof-of-Mechanism Study in Type2 Diabetes
CTID: NCT01664624
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-02-01
Study to Evaluate the Effect of BYDUREON on 24-hour Glucose Control in Metformin Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
CTID: NCT02288273
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-01-27
Study of the Effects of Intravenous Exenatide on Cardiac Repolarization
CTID: NCT02650479
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-01-27
GLP-1 Agonism Stimulates Browning of Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue in Obesity Men
CTID: NCT02170324
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-01-18
A Study of the Effect of Glucagon-like Peptide 1(GLP-1) Receptor Agonist in Combination With Metformin Therapy on Diabetes Remission in Subjects With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Who Are Overweight or Obese
CTID: NCT03018665
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2017-01-12
Effects of Biphasic Insulin Aspart 70/30 vs. Exenatide in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Not Reaching Blood Glucose Targets on Metformin and a Sulfonylurea.
CTID: NCT00313001
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-01-06
Exenatide and Brown Adipose Tissue
CTID: NCT03002675
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2016-12-26
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Lixisenatide Versus Exenatide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes for Glycemic Control and Safety Evaluation, on Top of Metformin
CTID: NCT00707031
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-12-02
Exploratory Study to Investigate the Effect of Dapagliflozin and Exenatide Combined on Body Weight
CTID: NCT02313220
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-11-17
Trial of Exenatide for Parkinson's Disease
CTID: NCT01971242
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-11-17
A Study of Taspoglutide Versus Exenatide for the Treatment of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled With Metformin, Thiazolidinedione or a Combination of Both.
CTID: NCT00717457
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-11-02
Addition Of Exenatide To Insulin Glargine In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
CTID: NCT00765817
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-10-24
Effects of Exenatide on Overweight Adolescents With Prader-Willi Syndrome
CTID: NCT01444898
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-09-29
Adding Exenatide to Insulin Therapy for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
CTID: NCT01006889
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-09-28
Effects of Exenatide on Glycemic Control and Weight in Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII) Type 2 Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
CTID: NCT01140893
Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2016-08-23
Effect of Exenatide in Obese Patients With Accelerated Gastric Emptying
CTID: NCT02160990
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-08-09
Exenatide for Myocardial Protection During Reperfusion Study
CTID: NCT01938235
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2016-08-05
Comparison Between GLP 1 Analogues and DPP 4 Inhibitors in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
CTID: NCT01235819
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-07-27
Study of the Acute Metabolic Effect of Exenatide in Type 1 Diabetes
CTID: NC
Effect of Exenatide on disease progression in early Parkinson's disease.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2019-10-23
A randomised, double blind, parallel group, placebo controlled, Phase 3 trial of exenatide once weekly over 2 years as a potential disease modifying treatment for Parkinson's disease.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: GB - no longer in EU/EEA
Date: 2019-09-04
A multicentre, randomised controlled Trial of Exenatide versus standard care in Acute Ischemic Stroke (TEXAIS)
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-03-11
iPAVE – imaging Pituitary ActiVation by Exendin
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2019-01-02
Comparison of the beta cell mass during and shortly after the honeymoon phase of type 1 diabetes using Ga-68-exendin PET
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2018-10-15
EXenatide onCe weekly or sitAgliptin as add on to basaL Insulin: effects on novel markers of endothelial fnction/dysfunction and on metaBolic control in T2DM sUbjects tRial: the EXCALIBUR Trial
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2018-07-27
An open-label randomised cross-over study to evaluate the albuminuria lowering effect of dapagliflozin, exenatide and their combination in patients with type 2 diabetes
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2018-04-24
A 28-week, multi-center randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the potential of Dapagliflozin plus Exenatide in combination with high-dose intensive insulin therapy compared to Placebo in obese insulin-resistant patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (Proof-of-concept study)
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2017-12-28
Combined effects of SGLT2 inhibition and GLP-1 receptor agonism on food intake, body weight and central satiety and reward circuits in obese T2DM patients
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2017-08-14
A randomized, non-blinded, 24-week pilot study to evaluate the effect of dapagliflozin (10 mg once daily) plus exenatide (2.0 mg once weekly) on type 2 diabetic patients awaiting for bariatric surgery. DEXBASU study
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2017-08-07
Beta cell imaging in type 1 diabetes with stable near-normal and unstable glucose control using PET
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2017-07-27
A Phase 3b, Randomized, Active Comparator, Open-label, Multicenter Study to Compare the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of ITCA 650 to Empagliflozin and to Glimepiride as Add-on Therapy to Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed, Prematurely Ended
Date: 2017-06-22
Effect of exenatide on cortisol secretion
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2017-06-12
Does Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor stimulation reduce alcohol intake in patients with alcohol dependence?
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2017-04-12
Effect of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide on impaired hypoglycaemic awareness in type 1 diabetes
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-01-04
Visualizing beta cells in morbid obese patients with T2D before and after bariatric surgery
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2016-12-07
Meal-time Administration of exenatide for Glycaemic control in type 1 diabetic Cases: A randomised, placebo-controlled trial
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-10-10
RESILIENT: RandomisEd, controlled, double blind Study to assess mechanistic effects of combination therapy of dapagliflozin with Exenatide QW versus dapagliflozin alone in obese (BMI>30 kg/m2) patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: GB - no longer in EU/EEA
Date: 2016-10-03
A 24 week monocentric prospective randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate Efficacy of combination of Exenatide and Dapagliflozin compared to Dapagliflozin and Placebo and its effects on hepatic, myocardial and pancreatic fat distribution in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-08-31
Visualizing beta cells in patients with a history of gestational diabetes
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2016-08-30
The effect of Exenatide on brown adipose tissue activity and energy expenditure in healthy young men
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-08-09
Effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) based diabetes medication on
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-06-17
A 26-Week Randomized, Open-label, Active Controlled, Parallel-group, Study Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of the Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on GLP-1 Receptor Agonist and Metformin (alone or with Pioglitazone and/or SGLT2 inhibitors), Followed by a Fixed Ratio Combination Single-arm 26-Week Extension Period
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-06-17
Effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) based diabetes medication on blood flow velocity in ischemic stroke patients
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2016-06-17
A Phase 3, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Multi-Center Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Exenatide Once Weekly in Adolescents with Type 2 Diabetes
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-04-13
Multicenter double-blind randomized clinical trial assessing efficacy and safety of exenatide in the treatment of hypothalamic obesity after craniopharyngioma therapy.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-03-15
Efficacy of GLP-1 agonists and restrictive vs. liberal FiO2 in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting or aortic valve replacement – a 2-by-2 factorial designed, randomized clinical study
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2015-11-10
The physiology of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor expression in patients with endogenous hyperinsulinism: correlation with histopathology
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Not Authorised
Date: 2015-10-29
Visualizing beta cells after Intrahepatic Islet of Langerhans Transplantation
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 1, Phase 2    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2015-09-22
Long-acting exenatide: a tool to stop cognitive decline in patients with mild cognitive impairment with or without dysglycemia?
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2015-09-11
Visualizing beta cells in patients with postprandial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia after bariatric surgery
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2015-08-06
Effects on re-endothelialisation with Bydureon treatment add on to Insulin versus Insulin alone, both in combination with Metformin in type 2 diabetic subjects (Rebuild Study).
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2015-07-24
COMBinAtion Therapy in Myocardial Infarction:
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2015-07-09
Visualizing beta cells in patients with remission of T2DM after bariatric surgery
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2015-02-25
Effect of Gelofusine on 111In-DTPA-AHX-Lys40-Exendin 4 uptake in the kidney
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Ongoing
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生物数据图片
  • Exendin-4 (Ex-4; a form of exenatide) increases nitric oxide (NO) production, endothial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation, and GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GTPCH1) level in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab . 2016 Jun 1;310(11):E947-57.
  • The effect of Exendin-4 administration on the rate of net weight gain in ob/ob and their lean littermates. Hepatology . 2006 Jan;43(1):173-81.
  • Assessment of lipid content and hepatic histology in the liver of ob/ob mice and their lean littermates after Exendin-4 treatment. Hepatology . 2006 Jan;43(1):173-81.
  • TBAR measurements following Exendin-4 treatment reveals that high-dose therapy resulted in significant reduction in oxidative stress. Hepatology . 2006 Jan;43(1):173-81.
  • Effect of exenatide on the vasoactivity of rat thoracic aorta. Cardiovasc Diabetol . 2014 Apr 2:13:69.
  • Role of GLP-1 receptor and endothelial denudation in the vasodilatation due to exenatide. Cardiovasc Diabetol . 2014 Apr 2:13:69.
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