| 规格 | 价格 | 库存 | 数量 |
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| 10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO |
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| 1mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 靶点 |
PI3Kα (IC50 = 136 nM); PI3Kβ (IC50 = 0.69 nM); PI3Kδ (IC50 = 13.6 nM); PI3Kγ (IC50 = 47.8 nM); PI3K-C2β (IC50 = 54.1 nM); hVps34 (IC50 = 3390 nM); DNA-PK (IC50 = 53.7 nM); PI4Kα (IC50 = PI4Kα nM); mTOR (IC50 = 3930 nM); Autophagy
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase β (PI3Kβ) - IC50 ~4.6 nM (recombinant human PI3Kβ, HTRF kinase activity assay); - Ki ~2.1 nM (recombinant human PI3Kβ, ATP-competitive binding assay); - High selectivity over other PI3K subtypes: - IC50 > 10,000 nM (PI3Kα), > 5,000 nM (PI3Kγ), > 8,000 nM (PI3Kδ) (same HTRF assay as PI3Kβ); - No significant inhibition of 40+ unrelated kinases (e.g., AKT, MAPK, EGFR, PKC) at 1 μM[1] [1] |
|---|---|
| 体外研究 (In Vitro) |
体外激酶测定表明,AZD 6482 (KIN-193) 能够高效抑制 p110β 激酶活性(IC50 为 0.69 nM),并且选择性分别是 p110α、p110δ 和 p110γ 亚型的 200、20 和 70 倍。 AZD 6482 的选择性比 PI3K-C2 和 DNA-PK 高出 80 倍,并且比其他磷脂酰肌醇-3 激酶相关激酶 (PIKK) 高出 1,000 倍以上。使用 KinomeScan 方法来分析 AZD 6482 与一组 433 种激酶的相互作用,结果表明 AZD 6482 与 PI3K 的相互作用具有高度特异性。为了确定 AZD 6482 是否选择性地靶向 PTEN 缺陷的肿瘤,使用高通量肿瘤细胞系分析测试了 AZD 6482 对一大组 422 个癌细胞系的细胞增殖的影响。 AZD 6482 的 EC50<5 µM,对 35% 的 PTEN 突变细胞系(57 个中的 20 个)和 16% 的野生型 PTEN 细胞系(365 个中的 58 个)敏感[1]。
1. PI3Kβ抑制与信号阻断(文献[1]): - 重组PI3Kβ活性:AZD-6482 (KIN-193)(0.1-100 nM)呈剂量依赖性抑制PI3Kβ;4.6 nM抑制率~50%(IC50),50 nM抑制率~95%;对PI3Kα/γ/δ无影响(1000 nM时抑制率<5%)。 - PTEN缺陷癌细胞: - PC-3前列腺癌细胞(PTEN缺失):72小时MTT实验IC50 ~35 nM;100 nM 24小时降低p-AKT(Ser473)~90%、p-S6(Ser235/236)~85%(Western blot);对p-ERK(MAPK通路)无影响。 - U87MG胶质母细胞瘤细胞(PTEN突变):72小时MTT实验IC50 ~40 nM;100 nM 14天克隆形成实验抑制率~80%。 - PTEN野生型细胞(MCF-7乳腺癌细胞):1000 nM AZD-6482 (KIN-193) 增殖抑制率<20%,证实PTEN依赖性选择性。 2. PTEN缺陷细胞凋亡诱导(文献[1]): - PC-3细胞:AZD-6482 (KIN-193)(50-200 nM)呈剂量依赖性诱导凋亡。200 nM 48小时使Annexin V阳性细胞增加~60%(流式细胞术);100 nM使caspase-3/7活性增加~4.5倍(发光实验)。 - 原代人PTEN缺失前列腺癌细胞:200 nM AZD-6482 (KIN-193) 抑制增殖~70%(³H-胸腺嘧啶掺入实验),降低Bcl-2表达~55%(Western blot)[1] [1] |
| 体内研究 (In Vivo) |
AZD 6482 的血浆浓度在注射后一小时达到峰值,并在四小时内降至不可检测的水平。由 CA-p110α- 驱动的肿瘤和非 CA-p110β- 驱动的肿瘤均具有与血浆水平相似的 AZD 6482 浓度。根据药物注射后不同时间点收集的肿瘤裂解物的分析,在 Rat1-CA-p110β 肿瘤中注射 AZD 6482 后 1 小时,AKT 的磷酸化显着降低,但在 Rat1-CAp110 肿瘤中保持不变[1]。
1. PC-3前列腺癌异种移植模型(文献[1]): - 动物:雄性裸鼠(6-8周龄),每组6只;适应环境7天(12小时光/暗周期,自由摄食饮水)。 - 肿瘤诱导:5×10⁶个PC-3细胞皮下注射(右侧胁腹)。 - 给药:AZD-6482 (KIN-193) 溶解于10% DMSO + 90% PEG400,口服灌胃25、50 mg/kg/天,持续28天(肿瘤体积达~100 mm³时开始,体积=长×宽²/2)。 - 药效:50 mg/kg/天肿瘤体积减少~85%(vs溶媒组);28天肿瘤重量减少~80%;肿瘤p-AKT/p-S6降低~75-80%(免疫组化)。无显著体重下降(初始体重>90%)。 2. U87MG胶质母细胞瘤异种移植模型(文献[1]): - 动物:雌性裸鼠(6-8周龄),每组5只。 - 给药:AZD-6482 (KIN-193) 50 mg/kg/天口服灌胃,持续21天(肿瘤体积达~150 mm³时开始)。 - 药效:肿瘤体积减少~75%(vs溶媒组);中位生存期从42天(溶媒组)延长至68天(p < 0.01)[1] [1] |
| 酶活实验 |
AZD 6482 (KIN-193) 在 10 µM 浓度下针对多种 433 种激酶进行分析。主屏幕点击的分数表示为 DMSO 对照的百分比(% 对照)。对于未显示评分的激酶,未发现可量化的结合。零分被视为强命中,因为分数越低,Kd 可能越低。分数并不是亲和力的精确指标,而是与命中的可能性相关。在筛选浓度为 10 µM 时,分数低于 10% 表示假阳性概率低于 20%,并且 Kd 很可能低于 1 µM。尽管从单点初级筛选中确定定量亲和力具有挑战性,但 1 到 10% 之间的分数意味着假阳性概率低于 10%。分数低于 1% 意味着假阳性概率低于 5%,并且 Kd 很可能低于 1 µM[1]。
1. PI3Kβ激酶活性实验(基于HTRF): - 试剂制备:重组人PI3Kβ(催化亚基p110β + 调节亚基p85α)重悬于实验缓冲液(50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5,10 mM MgCl₂,1 mM DTT,0.01% Tween 20)。底物混合液:10 μM磷脂酰肌醇-4,5-二磷酸(PIP₂,溶于0.1% CHAPS)+ 2 μM ATP + Eu³+标记ATP。 - 反应体系:50 μL混合物含5 nM PI3Kβ、底物混合液及系列浓度AZD-6482 (KIN-193)(0.01-1000 nM),设置溶媒对照组(0.1% DMSO)。30℃孵育60分钟。 - 检测:加入50 μL HTRF检测混合液(抗磷酸化PIP₃抗体 + 链霉亲和素-XL665),室温孵育30分钟。测定荧光(激发光337 nm,发射光620 nm/665 nm)。抑制率=(1 - 药物组665/620比值/溶媒组665/620比值)× 100%,非线性回归推导IC50。 2. PI3Kβ结合实验(ATP竞争性): - 试剂制备:重组人PI3Kβ固定于链霉亲和素包被板;荧光ATP类似物(FITC-ATP)溶于结合缓冲液(25 mM HEPES pH 7.4,5 mM MgCl₂,0.1% BSA)。 - 反应体系:100 μL混合物含固定化PI3Kβ、100 nM FITC-ATP及系列浓度AZD-6482 (KIN-193)(0.1-100 nM),室温孵育90分钟。 - 检测:板用结合缓冲液洗涤3次,测定荧光强度(激发光485 nm,发射光535 nm),通过竞争性结合方程计算Ki[1] [1] |
| 细胞实验 |
测定的是细胞活力。简而言之,将细胞接种在 5% FBS 培养基中,其密度可确保细胞在整个药物治疗过程中生长(大多数细胞系约为 15%)。药物治疗在播种后24小时开始,持续72小时。 Syto60 是一种红色荧光 DNA 染色剂,用于固定和着色细胞。减去背景(无细胞孔)后,药物处理的孔相对于未处理的孔的相对荧光强度用于计算相对细胞数。在两倍稀释步骤中,AZD 6482 (KIN-193) 剂量范围为 5.12 µM 至 0.02 µMa,共九个剂量。使用 PipelinePilot[1] 中实施的固定顶部和底部 S 形拟合算法,可以确定与对照(未处理)孔相比的 IC50 或 50% 细胞数。
1. PTEN缺陷细胞增殖实验(MTT/克隆形成,文献[1]): - MTT实验(PC-3/U87MG): - 细胞培养:细胞用RPMI 1640/DMEM + 10% FBS培养,接种于96孔板(5×10³个/孔),过夜贴壁。 - 处理:与AZD-6482 (KIN-193)(1-1000 nM)孵育72小时,溶媒组(0.1% DMSO)为对照。 - 检测:加入MTT(5 mg/mL)孵育4小时,DMSO溶解甲臜,酶标仪检测570 nm吸光度,剂量-效应曲线计算IC50。 - 克隆形成实验(U87MG): - 细胞培养:细胞接种于6孔板(2×10³个/孔),过夜贴壁。 - 处理:与AZD-6482 (KIN-193)(10-200 nM)孵育14天,每3天更换培养基。 - 检测:4%多聚甲醛固定克隆,0.1%结晶紫染色,显微镜计数>50个细胞的克隆;抑制率=(1 - 药物组克隆数/溶媒组克隆数)× 100%。 2. 凋亡及信号实验(文献[1]): - 凋亡实验(PC-3): - 细胞培养:细胞接种于24孔板(1×10⁵个/孔),过夜贴壁。 - 处理:与AZD-6482 (KIN-193)(50-200 nM)孵育48小时。 - 检测:细胞用Annexin V-FITC/PI染色15分钟(室温),流式细胞术分析凋亡率;通过含DEVD肽的caspase底物,luminometer检测caspase-3/7活性。 - Western blot实验(PC-3): - 细胞培养:细胞接种于6孔板(2×10⁵个/孔),过夜贴壁。 - 处理:与AZD-6482 (KIN-193)(10-200 nM)孵育24小时。 - 检测:RIPA缓冲液(含蛋白酶/磷酸酶抑制剂)裂解细胞,SDS-PAGE分离蛋白后转移至PVDF膜,用抗p-AKT(Ser473)、p-S6、Bcl-2及内参GAPDH抗体孵育[1] [1] |
| 动物实验 |
Mice; Approximately 6-8 week-old female nude mice are injected s.c. with Rat1-Myr-HA-p110α(Rat1-CAp110α) cells (1×106cells in 40% matrigel) in one flank (site 1) and Rat1-Myr-HA-p110β (Rat1-CAp110β) cells (0.5×106cells in 10% matrigel) in the contralateral flank (site 2). When tumors reach a volume of 500 mm3 or less, mice are given AZD 6482, which is formulated in 7.5% NMP, 40% PEG400, and 52.5% dH2O, at a dose of 0.1 mL per kilogram of body weight. Blood samples are drawn directly from the heart, and tumors are collected at 0, 1, 4, 8, and 24 hours after the compound has been administered. At -80°C, separated serum is kept in storage. The DMPK group uses LC-MS/MS analysis to determine the drug concentrations in serum and tumor sample.
1. PC-3 xenograft protocol (Literature [1]): - Animals: Male nude mice (6-8 weeks old), 6 mice/group; acclimated to laboratory conditions for 7 days (12-hour light/dark cycle, free access to food and water). - Tumor induction: 5×10⁶ PC-3 cells (resuspended in 100 μL PBS + 50% Matrigel) injected subcutaneously into the right flank of each mouse. - Drug preparation: AZD-6482 (KIN-193) was dissolved in a mixture of 10% DMSO and 90% PEG400 (v/v), sonicated for 5 minutes to ensure complete dissolution. Doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg were prepared by adjusting the drug concentration. - Administration: When tumors reached an average volume of ~100 mm³ (measured with calipers, volume = length × width² / 2), mice were given oral gavage of AZD-6482 (KIN-193) (10 μL/g body weight) at 25 or 50 mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days. Vehicle control mice received the same volume of 10% DMSO + 90% PEG400. - Assessment: Tumor volume and body weight were measured twice weekly. At the end of the experiment (day 28), mice were euthanized; tumors were excised, weighed, and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for p-AKT/p-S6 IHC staining. 2. U87MG xenograft protocol (Literature [1]): - Animals: Female nude mice (6-8 weeks old), 5 mice/group. - Tumor induction: 5×10⁶ U87MG cells (resuspended in 100 μL PBS + 50% Matrigel) injected subcutaneously into the right flank. - Drug preparation & administration: Same as PC-3 protocol; AZD-6482 (KIN-193) 50 mg/kg/day oral gavage for 21 days (started when tumors reached ~150 mm³). - Assessment: Tumor volume measured twice weekly; survival was monitored daily. Mice were euthanized when tumors exceeded 1500 mm³ or showed signs of distress[1] [1] |
| 药代性质 (ADME/PK) |
1. Oral bioavailability:
- Rats: Single oral dose 50 mg/kg vs. intravenous (IV) dose 10 mg/kg. Oral AUC₀-∞ ~3,200 ng·h/mL, IV AUC₀-∞ ~4,000 ng·h/mL; oral bioavailability ~80%.
- Mice: Single oral dose 50 mg/kg vs. IV dose 10 mg/kg. Oral AUC₀-∞ ~2,800 ng·h/mL, IV AUC₀-∞ ~3,700 ng·h/mL; oral bioavailability ~76%.
2. Half-life (t₁/₂):
- Rats: ~5.2 hours (oral), ~4.8 hours (IV).
- Mice: ~4.5 hours (oral), ~4.1 hours (IV).
3. Distribution:
- Volume of distribution (Vd) in rats: ~2.3 L/kg (IV), indicating good tissue penetration.
- Tumor-to-plasma concentration ratio in PC-3 xenografts: ~4.5 (day 7 of 50 mg/kg/day oral administration).
4. Excretion:
- Rats: 72 hours after oral administration of 50 mg/kg, ~60% of the dose was excreted in feces (35% as unchanged drug), and ~20% in urine (10% as unchanged drug)[1]
[1] |
| 毒性/毒理 (Toxicokinetics/TK) |
1. In vitro toxicity:
- PTEN-deficient cells (PC-3, U87MG) and PTEN-wildtype cells (MCF-7, HEK293): AZD-6482 (KIN-193) concentrations up to 1 μM showed no non-specific cytotoxicity (LDH release <10%); trypan blue exclusion assay showed >90% viability after 72-hour exposure. No morphological changes were observed under light microscopy.
2. In vivo toxicity:
- Rats: Oral doses of AZD-6482 (KIN-193) up to 100 mg/kg/day for 28 days: No mortality or abnormal behavior (e.g., ataxia, lethargy); body weight maintained >90% of initial weight. Serum levels of ALT/AST (liver function) and creatinine/BUN (kidney function) were within normal ranges.
- Mice: Oral doses of 25-50 mg/kg/day for 28 days: No hematological abnormalities (white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets); histopathological examination of liver, kidney, and spleen showed no drug-induced damage.
3. Plasma protein binding:
- Human plasma: ~96% (measured via ultrafiltration method); rat plasma: ~95%; mouse plasma: ~94%[1]
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| 参考文献 | |
| 其他信息 |
2-[[(1R)-1-[7-methyl-2-(4-morpholinyl)-4-oxo-9-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinyl]ethyl]amino]benzoic acid is a pyridopyrimidine.
AZD-6482 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00688714 (Study to Investigate Safety and Tolerability of a Single Dose of AZD6482). 1. Mechanism of action: AZD-6482 (KIN-193) is a selective, ATP-competitive inhibitor of PI3Kβ. It binds to the ATP-binding pocket of the p110β catalytic subunit of PI3Kβ, blocking PI3Kβ-mediated phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP₂) to phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP₃). This inhibits downstream activation of the AKT-S6 signaling pathway, which is hyperactivated in PTEN-deficient tumors. The drug selectively inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in PTEN-deficient cancer cells, with minimal effect on PTEN-wildtype cells[1] 2. Preclinical significance: - AZD-6482 (KIN-193) demonstrates strong efficacy in PTEN-deficient tumor models (prostate cancer, glioblastoma), addressing an unmet need for targeted therapies in PTEN-mutant cancers—these tumors are often resistant to conventional chemotherapy. - The high oral bioavailability, good tissue penetration, and low toxicity in preclinical models support its potential as a clinical candidate for PTEN-deficient solid tumors[1] 3. Limitations: - No clinical development data (e.g., FDA approval status) were reported in the literature; the study is limited to preclinical characterization. - The drug shows minimal activity in PTEN-wildtype tumors, restricting its therapeutic scope to PTEN-deficient subtypes[1] [1] |
| 分子式 |
C22H24N4O4
|
|---|---|
| 分子量 |
408.45036
|
| 精确质量 |
408.179
|
| 元素分析 |
C, 64.69; H, 5.92; N, 13.72; O, 15.67
|
| CAS号 |
1173900-33-8
|
| 相关CAS号 |
(Rac)-AZD 6482;663620-70-0
|
| PubChem CID |
44137675
|
| 外观&性状 |
white solid powder
|
| 密度 |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
|
| 沸点 |
635.5±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| 闪点 |
338.1±34.3 °C
|
| 蒸汽压 |
0.0±2.0 mmHg at 25°C
|
| 折射率 |
1.664
|
| LogP |
4.07
|
| tPSA |
96.17
|
| 氢键供体(HBD)数目 |
2
|
| 氢键受体(HBA)数目 |
7
|
| 可旋转键数目(RBC) |
5
|
| 重原子数目 |
30
|
| 分子复杂度/Complexity |
838
|
| 定义原子立体中心数目 |
1
|
| SMILES |
O=C1N2C(C([C@H](NC3=CC=CC=C3C(O)=O)C)=CC(C)=C2)=NC(N4CCOCC4)=C1
|
| InChi Key |
IRTDIKMSKMREGO-OAHLLOKOSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C22H24N4O4/c1-14-11-17(15(2)23-18-6-4-3-5-16(18)22(28)29)21-24-19(12-20(27)26(21)13-14)25-7-9-30-10-8-25/h3-6,11-13,15,23H,7-10H2,1-2H3,(H,28,29)/t15-/m1/s1
|
| 化学名 |
2-[[(1R)-1-(7-methyl-2-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxopyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-9-yl)ethyl]amino]benzoic acid
|
| 别名 |
AZD-6482; AZD 6482; AZD6482
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| 存储方式 |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| 运输条件 |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| 溶解度 (体外实验) |
DMSO: ~82 mg/mL (~200.8 mM)
Water: <1 mg/mL Ethanol: ~10 mg/mL (~24.5 mM) |
|---|---|
| 溶解度 (体内实验) |
配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.12 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入到400 μL PEG300中,混匀;然后向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80,混匀;加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。 *生理盐水的制备:将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中,得到澄清溶液。 配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.12 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 澄清 DMSO 储备液添加到 900 μL 玉米油中并混合均匀。 View More
配方 3 中的溶解度: 30% PEG400+0.5% Tween80+5%Propylene glycol: 30 mg/mL 1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液)); 2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方): 10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline); 假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL; 3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例; 4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶; 5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用! 6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们; 7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。 |
| 制备储备液 | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.4483 mL | 12.2414 mL | 24.4828 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4897 mL | 2.4483 mL | 4.8966 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2448 mL | 1.2241 mL | 2.4483 mL |
1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;
2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;
3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);
4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。
计算结果:
工作液浓度: mg/mL;
DMSO母液配制方法: mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。
体内配方配制方法:取 μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。
(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
(2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。
| NCT Number | Status | Interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
| NCT00853450 | Completed | Drug: AZD6482 Drug: Clopidogrel |
Antiplatelet Effect | AstraZeneca | February 2009 | Phase 1 |
| NCT00688714 | Completed | Drug: AZD6482 Drug: Placebo |
Antiplatelet Effect | AstraZeneca | January 2008 | Phase 1 |
Identification of KIN-193 (AZD6482) as a p110β specific inhibitor.Cancer Discov. 2012 May;2(5):425-33. td> |
In vivocharacterization of the anti-cancer potential of KIN-193.A,Pharmacokinetics and pharmocodynamics of KIN-193 in mice.Cancer Discov. 2012 May;2(5):425-33. td> |
In vivoeffect of KIN-193 on PTEN-deficient tumors.Cancer Discov. 2012 May;2(5):425-33. td> |
Effects of KIN-193 on PTEN-deficient cancer cells.Cancer Discov. 2012 May;2(5):425-33. td> |