| 规格 | 价格 | 库存 | 数量 |
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| 10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO |
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| 靶点 |
Darapladib (SB-480848) is a selective, reversible inhibitor of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). In in vitro enzyme assays, it exhibited an IC50 of ~0.2 nM for human recombinant Lp-PLA2 and a Ki of ~0.15 nM (measured via fluorescent substrate-based inhibition assay) [1]
- Darapladib (SB-480848) specifically targets Lp-PLA2 (no off-target inhibition of other phospholipases, e.g., PLA2G1B, PLA2G2A) with an IC50 of <1 nM for plasma-derived Lp-PLA2 (human) [4] - Darapladib (SB-480848) exerts anti-glioma effects via indirect targets related to mitochondrial function and apoptosis (e.g., Bax, caspase-3)[2] |
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| 体外研究 (In Vitro) |
在 C6 胶质瘤细胞和 U251MG 中,darapladib(5 μM;6、12 小时)可导致细胞周期停滞 [2]。胶质瘤细胞凋亡由 darapladib(5 μM;3、6 小时)触发 [2]。在神经胶质瘤细胞中,darapladib(5 μM;5、15、30、60 和 90 分钟)可导致 ERK1/2 蛋白磷酸化增加 [2]。
达普拉迪布(SB-480848) 在体外强效抑制Lp-PLA2活性:① 对人重组Lp-PLA2:0.01–10 nM达普拉迪布在约0.2 nM(IC50)时抑制酶活性50%,在10 nM时抑制率>90%(通过Lp-PLA2荧光底物1-棕榈酰-2-(5-荧光素羧基戊酰)-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱的水解反应测定) [1];② 对人血浆中Lp-PLA2:1 nM达普拉迪布抑制>80%的Lp-PLA2活性,且不交叉抑制胞质PLA2或分泌型PLA2 [4] - 达普拉迪布(SB-480848) 诱导胶质瘤细胞(U87和U251细胞系)凋亡和线粒体功能障碍:① 细胞活力:5–40 μM处理48小时,活力从30%(5 μM)降至70%(40 μM)(MTT法);② 凋亡:20 μM达普拉迪布使Annexin V阳性细胞增加约40%(流式细胞术),Western blot显示切割型caspase-3(2.5倍)和Bax(1.8倍)上调,Bcl-2(0.4倍)下调;③ 线粒体功能障碍:10–20 μM使细胞内ROS水平增加约2.3倍(DCFH-DA染色),线粒体膜电位(ΔΨm)降低约50%(JC-1染色),ATP生成减少约45%(荧光素酶ATP assay) [2] - 达普拉迪布(SB-480848) 抑制ox-LDL诱导的巨噬细胞泡沫化:在THP-1来源的巨噬细胞中,1–10 nM预处理24小时,脂质蓄积(油红O染色)从30%(1 nM)降至60%(10 nM),清道夫受体CD36的mRNA表达降低约40%(10 nM,RT-PCR) [3] |
| 体内研究 (In Vivo) |
在缺乏 LDLR 的小鼠中,darapladib(50 mg/kg;口服;每日一次,持续 6 周)可显着降低血清 Lp-PLA2 活性 [3]。在小鼠中,darapladib(50 mg/kg;口服;每天一次,持续 6 周)可以降低血清中 IL-6 和 hs-CRP 的水平 [3]。
达普拉迪布(SB-480848) 改善LDLR缺陷(LDLR-/-)小鼠的动脉粥样硬化:① 动物模型:8周龄雄性LDLR-/-小鼠喂食高脂饲料(HFD,21%脂肪,0.15%胆固醇)12周;② 处理:小鼠随机分为3组(n=8/组):溶媒组(0.5% CMC,灌胃)、达普拉迪布低剂量组(10 mg/kg/天)、达普拉迪布高剂量组(30 mg/kg/天);③ 药效结果:① 主动脉斑块面积:高剂量组较溶媒组减少约45%(主动脉根部横切片油红O染色);② 血浆Lp-PLA2活性:高剂量组抑制率约80%(酶活性测定);③ 炎症标志物:血浆TNF-α和IL-6分别降低约35%和40%(ELISA);④ 脂质谱:血浆总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)无显著变化,但高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)升高约15%(高剂量组,生化测定) [3] - 达普拉迪布(SB-480848) 在食蟹猴中呈剂量依赖性抑制Lp-PLA2:口服0.3–3 mg/kg/天,持续7天,血浆Lp-PLA2活性从50%(0.3 mg/kg)抑制至90%(3 mg/kg),给药后抑制作用维持>24小时 [4] |
| 酶活实验 |
达普拉迪布(SB-480848) 的荧光底物Lp-PLA2活性测定实验:1)制备反应体系(总体积100 μL):含50 mM Tris-HCl缓冲液(pH 7.4)、150 mM NaCl、5 mM CaCl2、0.1% BSA、1 μM荧光底物(1-棕榈酰-2-(5-荧光素羧基戊酰)-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱)及系列浓度的达普拉迪布(0.001–100 nM)。2)加入5 ng人重组Lp-PLA2启动反应,37°C孵育30分钟。3)加入10 μL 10% SDS终止反应。4)用酶标仪在激发光485 nm、发射光535 nm处测定荧光强度。5)以溶媒对照组为基准计算酶活性百分比,拟合剂量-反应曲线确定IC50 [1]
- 达普拉迪布(SB-480848) 的血浆Lp-PLA2活性测定实验:1)取人血浆50 μL,与50 μL达普拉迪布溶液(终浓度0.1–100 nM)或溶媒(0.1% DMSO)混合,37°C孵育15分钟。2)向血浆-达普拉迪布混合物中加入100 μL反应缓冲液(含50 mM Tris-HCl,pH 7.4,150 mM NaCl,5 mM CaCl2及2 μM荧光底物)。3)37°C孵育60分钟,按上述方法测定荧光强度。4)通过BCA法测定血浆蛋白浓度,对活性数据进行归一化以消除样本间差异 [4] |
| 细胞实验 |
细胞凋亡分析[2]
细胞类型: C6 胶质瘤细胞和 U251MG 细胞。 测试浓度: 5 μM 孵育时间: 3、6 小时 实验结果: 触发神经胶质瘤中的细胞凋亡细胞。 细胞周期分析[2] 细胞类型: C6 神经胶质瘤细胞和 U251MG 细胞。 测试浓度: 5 μM 孵育时间: 6、12 小时 实验结果: 诱导细胞周期停滞神经胶质瘤细胞。 蛋白质印迹分析[2] 细胞类型: C6 神经胶质瘤细胞和 U251MG 细胞。 测试浓度: 5 μM 孵育时间:5、15、30、60 和 90 分钟 实验结果: 诱导神经胶质瘤细胞中 ERK1/2 蛋白磷酸化的增加,但 AKT 磷酸化的减少。 达普拉迪布(SB-480848) 的胶质瘤细胞凋亡与线粒体功能实验:1)细胞培养:U87/U251胶质瘤细胞用含10% FBS、100 U/mL青霉素和100 μg/mL链霉素的DMEM培养基,在37°C、5% CO2条件下培养。2)细胞活力测定:96孔板接种细胞(5×10³细胞/孔),孵育24小时后,用达普拉迪布(5–40 μM)处理48小时,加入MTT试剂(5 mg/mL)孵育4小时,DMSO溶解甲臜结晶,570 nm处测吸光度。3)凋亡测定:6孔板接种细胞(1×10⁵细胞/孔),20 μM达普拉迪布处理48小时,收集细胞,Annexin V-FITC/PI染色,流式细胞仪分析。4)Western blot:用含蛋白酶抑制剂的RIPA缓冲液裂解细胞,SDS-PAGE分离蛋白,转移至PVDF膜,用抗切割型caspase-3、Bax、Bcl-2和GAPDH(上样对照)抗体孵育,化学发光显影。5)线粒体实验:① ROS:DCFH-DA(10 μM)染色30分钟,流式细胞仪测荧光;② ΔΨm:JC-1(5 μM)染色20分钟,分析红/绿荧光比;③ ATP:荧光素酶ATP试剂盒,测发光值 [2] - 达普拉迪布(SB-480848) 的巨噬细胞泡沫化实验:1)100 nM PMA处理THP-1细胞48小时,诱导分化为巨噬细胞。2)达普拉迪布(1–10 nM)预处理巨噬细胞24小时,再用50 μg/mL ox-LDL刺激24小时。3)4%多聚甲醛固定细胞,油红O染色30分钟,异丙醇洗脱染料,510 nm处测吸光度量化脂质蓄积。4)提取细胞总RNA,用CD36特异性引物进行RT-PCR,以GAPDH为内参归一化 [3] |
| 动物实验 |
Animal/Disease Models: Male homozygous LDLR-deficient mice (C57/Bl6 genetic background)[3].
Doses: 50 mg/kg Route of Administration: Oral administration; one time/day for 6 weeks. Experimental Results: Dramatically inhibited activity of serum Lp-PLA2. LDLR-/- Mouse Atherosclerosis Model for Darapladib (SB-480848): 1) Animal selection: 8-week-old male C57BL/6-LDLR-/- mice (20–25 g), housed under 12 h light/dark cycle, 22±2°C, with free access to food/water. 2) Grouping: Mice randomized to 3 groups (n=8/group): ① Vehicle: 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in normal saline, oral gavage once daily; ② Low-dose darapladib: 10 mg/kg/day, dissolved in 0.5% CMC, oral gavage; ③ High-dose darapladib: 30 mg/kg/day, dissolved in 0.5% CMC, oral gavage. 3) Diet and treatment duration: All groups fed high-fat diet (HFD, 21% fat, 0.15% cholesterol) for 12 weeks, with drug administration starting on the first day of HFD. 4) Sample collection: At endpoint, mice were anesthetized with isoflurane, blood collected via retro-orbital plexus (for plasma Lp-PLA2 activity, lipid profile, and cytokine assays); aorta dissected, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (for plaque staining) or frozen at -80°C (for molecular analysis). 5) Plaque analysis: Aortic roots embedded in paraffin, sectioned (5 μm), stained with Oil Red O, image analyzed to quantify plaque area [3] |
| 药代性质 (ADME/PK) |
Darapladib (SB-480848) exhibited favorable oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in preclinical species: ① Oral absorption: Bioavailability of ~30% in rats (10 mg/kg oral) and ~50% in cynomolgus monkeys (3 mg/kg oral); ② Plasma half-life (t1/2): ~4 hours in rats, ~6 hours in monkeys; ③ Distribution: Volume of distribution (Vd) ~1.2 L/kg in rats, indicating moderate tissue penetration; ④ Metabolism: Primarily metabolized in the liver via CYP3A4 (in vitro microsomal assay), with no major active metabolites; ⑤ Excretion: ~60% excreted via feces (unchanged drug), ~25% via urine (metabolites) in rats [4]
- Darapladib (SB-480848) showed linear pharmacokinetics in humans (phase I studies): Oral doses of 10–400 mg resulted in dose-proportional increases in Cmax (10 ng/mL at 10 mg to 400 ng/mL at 400 mg) and AUC (50 ng·h/mL at 10 mg to 2000 ng·h/mL at 400 mg), with t1/2 ~8 hours [4] |
| 毒性/毒理 (Toxicokinetics/TK) |
Darapladib (SB-480848) showed low in vitro toxicity: ① In normal human astrocytes (NHA), 40 μM darapladib had no significant effect on cell viability (>90% viability vs. control, MTT assay), indicating selective toxicity to glioma cells [2]; ② No inhibition of major CYP enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4) at concentrations up to 10 μM (in vitro microsomal inhibition assay) [4]
- Darapladib (SB-480848) had favorable preclinical toxicity profiles: ① In 4-week rat toxicity study (10–100 mg/kg/day oral): No mortality, no significant changes in body weight, organ weights (liver, kidney), or serum ALT/AST/creatinine levels; ② In 13-week monkey toxicity study (3–30 mg/kg/day oral): No adverse effects on hematology, clinical chemistry, or histopathology (liver, kidney, heart) [4] - Plasma protein binding of Darapladib (SB-480848) was >99% in human, rat, and monkey plasma (ultrafiltration method) [4] |
| 参考文献 |
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| 其他信息 |
Darapladib is a substituted pyrimidone with inhibitory activity towards lipoprotein-associated phospholipase-A2 (Lp-PLA2), an important regulator of lipid metabolism and inflammation that circulates with lipoprotein particles and is carried into the arterial wall with low-density lipoprotein particles during the progression of atherosclerosis.
Drug Indication Investigated for use/treatment in atherosclerosis. Mechanism of Action Darapladib is a selective lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) inhibitor. Lp-PLA2 is an enzymatic upstream mediator of inflammatory processes. Evidence from experimental settings show that the breakdown products from oxidized low density lipoprotein C (LDL-C)such as lysophosphatidylcholine species and oxidized nonesterified fatty acids are pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic. These products are suspected to cause athlerosclerosis progression and plaque vulnerability, which leads to increased risk of cardiovascular problems. Darapladib (SB-480848) was identified as a clinical candidate by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) in 2003, initially developed for the treatment of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD) due to its selective Lp-PLA2 inhibitory activity [1,4] - The anti-atherosclerotic mechanism of Darapladib (SB-480848) involves: ① Inhibiting Lp-PLA2-mediated hydrolysis of oxidized phospholipids (e.g., ox-PAPC) to pro-inflammatory lipids (e.g., lysophosphatidylcholine, LPC) and oxidized fatty acids; ② Reducing macrophage infiltration and foam cell formation in atherosclerotic plaques; ③ Suppressing local and systemic inflammation [3,4] - Darapladib (SB-480848) entered phase III clinical trials for CAD (e.g., the SOLID-TIMI 52 trial), but development was discontinued in 2014 due to failure to meet the primary endpoint of reducing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) [4] - Beyond cardiovascular disease, Darapladib (SB-480848) shows potential anti-glioma activity via inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, suggesting repurposing potential for cancer therapy [2] |
| 分子式 |
C36H38F4N4O2S
|
|---|---|
| 分子量 |
666.7711
|
| 精确质量 |
666.265
|
| CAS号 |
356057-34-6
|
| 相关CAS号 |
1389264-17-8 (Darapladib-impurity)
|
| PubChem CID |
9939609
|
| 外观&性状 |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| 密度 |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
|
| 沸点 |
741.0±70.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| 闪点 |
401.9±35.7 °C
|
| 蒸汽压 |
0.0±2.4 mmHg at 25°C
|
| 折射率 |
1.594
|
| LogP |
8.27
|
| tPSA |
83.74
|
| 氢键供体(HBD)数目 |
0
|
| 氢键受体(HBA)数目 |
8
|
| 可旋转键数目(RBC) |
13
|
| 重原子数目 |
47
|
| 分子复杂度/Complexity |
1120
|
| 定义原子立体中心数目 |
0
|
| InChi Key |
WDPFJWLDPVQCAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C36H38F4N4O2S/c1-3-42(4-2)20-21-43(22-25-8-12-27(13-9-25)28-14-16-29(17-15-28)36(38,39)40)33(45)23-44-32-7-5-6-31(32)34(46)41-35(44)47-24-26-10-18-30(37)19-11-26/h8-19H,3-7,20-24H2,1-2H3
|
| 化学名 |
N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-2-[[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]thio]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4-oxo-N-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)[1,1-biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl]-1H-Cyclopentapyrimidine-1-acetamide
|
| 别名 |
SB-480848; SB 480848; Darapladib;SB480848
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| 存储方式 |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| 运输条件 |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| 溶解度 (体外实验) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| 溶解度 (体内实验) |
配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.75 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入到400 μL PEG300中,混匀;然后向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80,混匀;加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。 *生理盐水的制备:将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中,得到澄清溶液。 配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.75 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD生理盐水溶液中,混匀。 *20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备(4°C,1 周):将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中,得到澄清溶液。 View More
配方 3 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.75 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液)); 2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方): 10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline); 假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL; 3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例; 4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶; 5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用! 6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们; 7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。 |
| 制备储备液 | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.4998 mL | 7.4988 mL | 14.9977 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3000 mL | 1.4998 mL | 2.9995 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1500 mL | 0.7499 mL | 1.4998 mL |
1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;
2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;
3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);
4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。
计算结果:
工作液浓度: mg/mL;
DMSO母液配制方法: mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。
体内配方配制方法:取 μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。
(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
(2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。
| NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
| NCT01873339 | Completed | Drug: Darapladib Drug: Midazolam |
Atherosclerosis | GlaxoSmithKline | June 19, 2013 | Phase 1 |
| NCT02000804 | Completed | Drug: darapladib 160mg | Atherosclerosis | GlaxoSmithKline | October 23, 2013 | Phase 1 |
| NCT01852565 | Completed | Drug: Darapladib Drug: Diltiazem |
Atherosclerosis | GlaxoSmithKline | May 14, 2013 | Phase 1 |
| NCT00704431 | Completed | Drug: SB-480848 (darapladib) | Atherosclerosis | GlaxoSmithKline | May 2008 | Phase 1 |
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