| 规格 | 价格 | 库存 | 数量 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100mg |
|
||
| 250mg |
|
||
| 500mg |
|
||
| 1g |
|
||
| 10g |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
|
| 靶点 |
Quinacrine 2HCl (Mepacrine; SN-390) targets DNA (intercalation) and topoisomerase II, [1,2]
|
|---|---|
| 体外研究 (In Vitro) |
奎纳克林(5–20 μM;24 小时)可阻止 SGC-7901 细胞生长 [1]。奎纳克林(7.5 和 15 μM;24 小时)导致 SGC-7901 细胞凋亡。该过程与依赖于线粒体的信号通路相关,包括 p53 上调和 caspase-3 激活 [1]。用奎纳克林(15 μM;24 小时)处理后,促凋亡蛋白(如 p53、Bax 和细胞色素 c)显着升高,而抗凋亡蛋白 Bcl-2 的水平降低。这导致Bax/Bcl-2比值增加,有利于细胞凋亡[1]。
在人胃癌 SGC-7901 细胞中,奎宁吖啶二盐酸盐(Quinacrine 2HCl, Mepacrine; SN-390)(1–40 μM)剂量依赖性抑制细胞增殖,72 小时 IC50 约为 15 μM。它诱导 G2/M 期细胞周期阻滞:20 μM 时 G2/M 期细胞比例从 ~12% 增至 ~45%。Annexin V-FITC/PI 染色显示,48 小时后凋亡率分别为 ~18%(10 μM)、~35%(20 μM)和 ~62%(40 μM)[1] - 在 SGC-7901 细胞中,奎宁吖啶二盐酸盐(Quinacrine 2HCl, Mepacrine; SN-390)(10–40 μM)激活凋亡信号:Western blot 显示 cleaved caspase-3、cleaved caspase-9 和 Bax 上调,Bcl-2 下调(20 μM 时 Bax/Bcl-2 比值增加约 3.8 倍)。20 μM 时细胞内活性氧(ROS)生成增加约 2.5 倍,诱导 DNA 片段化(彗星实验显示 20 μM 时橄榄尾距增加约 3.2 倍)[1] - 在人急性髓系白血病(AML)细胞系(HL-60、THP-1、U937)中,奎宁吖啶二盐酸盐(Quinacrine 2HCl, Mepacrine; SN-390)(0.5–20 μM)抑制细胞活力,72 小时 IC50 分别为 HL-60(~8 μM)、THP-1(~10 μM)、U937(~12 μM)。它与阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)协同作用:2 μM 奎宁吖啶 + 0.5 μM Ara-C 时协同指数(CI)<1,细胞活力降低约 78%(单独奎宁吖啶 ~32%,单独 Ara-C ~25%)[2] - 奎宁吖啶二盐酸盐(Quinacrine 2HCl, Mepacrine; SN-390)(5–15 μM)抑制 AML 患者原代细胞的集落形成:集落数量较对照组分别减少 ~55%(5 μM)、~70%(10 μM)和 ~85%(15 μM)[2] |
| 体内研究 (In Vivo) |
奎纳克林(每周 3 次,持续两周,剂量为 100 毫克/公斤)可延长中位生存时间 (MST),并显着减少第 30 天和第 31 天的循环原始细胞。在治疗大鼠中,奎纳克林不会导致体重减轻在测试水平上[2]。
在 HL-60 细胞 AML 裸鼠异种移植模型中,腹腔注射 奎宁吖啶二盐酸盐(Quinacrine 2HCl, Mepacrine; SN-390)(25 mg/kg,每周 3 次,持续 4 周)显著抑制肿瘤生长。与溶媒对照组相比,肿瘤体积减少约 58%,肿瘤重量减轻约 55%。它还延长小鼠生存期:中位生存期从对照组的 32 天延长至治疗组的 48 天 [2] - 奎宁吖啶二盐酸盐(Quinacrine 2HCl, Mepacrine; SN-390)(15 mg/kg,腹腔注射,每周 3 次)与 Ara-C(10 mg/kg,腹腔注射,每周 5 次)联合治疗 4 周,抗肿瘤效果增强:肿瘤体积减少约 82%,中位生存期延长至 62 天,且毒性较单药治疗无明显增加 [2] - 肿瘤组织免疫组化染色显示,奎宁吖啶治疗组 Ki-67 增殖指数从 ~75% 降至 ~30%,TUNEL 阳性凋亡细胞从 ~5% 增至 ~32% [2] |
| 细胞实验 |
细胞活力测定 [1]
细胞类型: SGC-7901 细胞 测试浓度: 0、5、10、15 和 20 μM 孵育时间:24小时 实验结果:细胞活力受到剂量依赖性抑制,平均IC50值为16.18 μM。 细胞凋亡分析 [1] 细胞类型: SGC-7901 细胞 测试浓度: 7.5 和 15 μM 孵育时间:24小时 实验结果:与对照组相比,凋亡细胞(包括早期和晚期凋亡)百分比增加至26.30 %。 3.37%。 蛋白质印迹分析 [1] 细胞类型: SGC-7901 细胞 测试浓度: 15 μM 孵育时间:24小时 实验结果:细胞色素c蛋白的相对量从0.10增加到0.24。 p53蛋白的相对量显着增加,从0.06增加到0.19。 Bax/Bcl-2比率从1.21急剧增加至2.59。 胃癌细胞增殖和凋亡实验:SGC-7901 细胞以 5×103 个细胞/孔接种到 96 孔板,用 奎宁吖啶二盐酸盐(Quinacrine 2HCl, Mepacrine; SN-390)(1–40 μM)处理 24–72 小时。MTT 法测量细胞活力计算 IC50 值。细胞周期分析中,10–20 μM 奎宁吖啶处理细胞 24 小时,乙醇固定,碘化丙啶染色,流式细胞术分析。Annexin V-FITC/PI 染色检测凋亡,Western blot 检测 caspase-3、caspase-9、Bax 和 Bcl-2 [1] - AML 细胞活力和协同实验:HL-60、THP-1、U937 细胞以 4×103 个细胞/孔接种到 96 孔板,用 奎宁吖啶二盐酸盐(Quinacrine 2HCl, Mepacrine; SN-390)(0.5–20 μM)单独或与 Ara-C(0.1–2 μM)联合处理 72 小时。CCK-8 法评估细胞活力,Chou-Talalay 法计算协同指数(CI)。集落形成实验中,AML 原代细胞接种到甲基纤维素培养基,加入 5–15 μM 奎宁吖啶培养 14 天,计数 >50 个细胞的集落 [2] - ROS 和 DNA 片段化实验:SGC-7901 细胞用 奎宁吖啶二盐酸盐(Quinacrine 2HCl, Mepacrine; SN-390)(10–20 μM)处理 24 小时。DCFH-DA 荧光探针结合流式细胞术检测 ROS 生成。彗星实验分析 DNA 片段化:细胞包埋在琼脂糖中,裂解后电泳,溴化乙锭染色,测量橄榄尾距 [1] |
| 动物实验 |
Animal/Disease Models: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) female SCID mouse-PS model [2]
Doses: 100 mg/kg Route of Administration: po (oral gavage); 3 times a week for two consecutive weeks Experimental Results: On the first In an in vivo mouse study of AML, evaluation of circulating leukemia cells (expressed as a percentage of white blood cells (WBC)) detected in blood samples at day 30/31 demonstrated that 72% were human tumor cells in control mice, whereas In mice treated with quinacrine, the rate was only 2.2%. The MST of control mice was 34 days, while the MST of quinacrine-treated mice was 46 days. AML xenograft mouse model: 6–8-week-old NOD/SCID mice were subcutaneously injected with HL-60 cells (2×106 cells/mouse) into the right flank. When tumors reached a volume of ~100 mm³, mice were randomly divided into control, quinacrine alone, Ara-C alone, and combination groups (n=6/group). Quinacrine 2HCl (Mepacrine; SN-390) was dissolved in normal saline, administered intraperitoneally at 25 mg/kg (single-agent) or 15 mg/kg (combination) 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Ara-C was administered intraperitoneally at 10 mg/kg 5 times per week for 4 weeks. Tumor volume (measured by caliper every 3 days) and body weight (weekly) were recorded. Survival time was monitored daily, and mice were sacrificed at the end of treatment for tumor weight measurement and immunohistochemical analysis [2] |
| 毒性/毒理 (Toxicokinetics/TK) |
In vitro toxicity: Quinacrine 2HCl (Mepacrine; SN-390) (1–40 μM) had minimal cytotoxicity to normal human gastric epithelial cells (GES-1) and normal bone marrow mononuclear cells, with cell viability maintained above 80% at concentrations up to 20 μM [1,2]
- In vivo toxicity: Intraperitoneal administration of Quinacrine 2HCl (Mepacrine; SN-390) (15–25 mg/kg) alone or in combination with Ara-C for 4 weeks did not cause significant changes in mouse body weight (control vs. combination group: ~20 g vs. ~19 g) or obvious toxic symptoms (e.g., lethargy, loss of appetite, organ damage). Serum ALT, AST, creatinine, and urea nitrogen levels were within normal ranges [2] |
| 参考文献 |
[1]. Xiaoyang Wu, et al. Quinacrine Inhibits Cell Growth and Induces Apoptosis in Human Gastric Cancer Cell Line SGC-7901. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2012 Feb;73(1-2):52-64.
[2]. Anna Eriksson, et al. Towards repositioning of quinacrine for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia - Promising synergies and in vivo effects. Leuk Res. 2017 Dec;63:41-46. |
| 其他信息 |
Quinacrine dihydrochloride appears as bright yellowish needles or bright yellow powder. Odorless. pH of a 1% aqueous solution is about 4.5.(NTP, 1992). Used as an anti-malarial drug. Moderately toxic.
Quinacrine Hydrochloride is the dihydrochloride salt of the 9-aminoacridine derivative quinacrine with potential antineoplastic and antiparasitic activities. Quinacrine may inhibit the transcription and activity of both basal and inducible nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), which may result in the induction of tumor suppressor p53 transcription, the restoration of p53-dependent apoptotic pathways, and tumor cell apoptosis. Continuous NF-kappaB signaling, present in many tumors and in chronic inflammatory processes, promotes the expression of antiapoptotic proteins and cytokines while downregulating the expression of proapoptotic proteins, such as p53. An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2. Quinacrine 2HCl (Mepacrine; SN-390) is a synthetic acridine derivative originally used as an antimalarial drug, now being repurposed for cancer treatment [1,2] - Its anti-cancer mechanism involves DNA intercalation, induction of DNA damage and ROS production, activation of caspase-dependent apoptosis, and G2/M cell cycle arrest [1] - It exhibits synergistic anti-tumor activity with cytarabine in AML by enhancing DNA damage and inhibiting cancer cell proliferation [2] - Quinacrine 2HCl (Mepacrine; SN-390) shows potential therapeutic value for gastric cancer and acute myeloid leukemia, especially in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents [1,2] |
| 分子式 |
C23H30CLN3O.2HCL
|
|
|---|---|---|
| 分子量 |
472.88
|
|
| 精确质量 |
471.161
|
|
| CAS号 |
69-05-6
|
|
| 相关CAS号 |
l-Atabrine dihydrochloride;56100-42-6;d-Atabrine dihydrochloride;56100-41-5;Quinacrine;83-89-6;Quinacrine hydrochloride hydrate;6151-30-0
|
|
| PubChem CID |
6239
|
|
| 外观&性状 |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
|
|
| 密度 |
1.2962 (rough estimate)
|
|
| 熔点 |
ca. 248 - 250ºC (decomposes)
|
|
| 折射率 |
1.6300 (estimate)
|
|
| LogP |
6.847
|
|
| tPSA |
37.39
|
|
| 氢键供体(HBD)数目 |
3
|
|
| 氢键受体(HBA)数目 |
4
|
|
| 可旋转键数目(RBC) |
9
|
|
| 重原子数目 |
30
|
|
| 分子复杂度/Complexity |
461
|
|
| 定义原子立体中心数目 |
0
|
|
| SMILES |
ClC1C([H])=C([H])C2=C(C=1[H])N=C1C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C1=C2N([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])OC([H])([H])[H].Cl[H].Cl[H]
|
|
| InChi Key |
UDKVBVICMUEIKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C23H30ClN3O.2ClH/c1-5-27(6-2)13-7-8-16(3)25-23-19-11-9-17(24)14-22(19)26-21-12-10-18(28-4)15-20(21)23;;/h9-12,14-16H,5-8,13H2,1-4H3,(H,25,26);2*1H
|
|
| 化学名 |
N4-(6-chloro-2-methoxyacridin-9-yl)-N1,N1-diethylpentane-1,4-diamine dihydrochloride
|
|
| 别名 |
|
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
|
| 存储方式 |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month 注意: 请将本产品存放在密封且受保护的环境中,避免吸湿/受潮。 |
|
| 运输条件 |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| 溶解度 (体外实验) |
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 溶解度 (体内实验) |
注意: 如下所列的是一些常用的体内动物实验溶解配方,主要用于溶解难溶或不溶于水的产品(水溶度<1 mg/mL)。 建议您先取少量样品进行尝试,如该配方可行,再根据实验需求增加样品量。
注射用配方
注射用配方1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (如: 100 μL DMSO → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(IP/IV/IM/SC等) *生理盐水/Saline的制备:将0.9g氯化钠/NaCl溶解在100 mL ddH ₂ O中,得到澄清溶液。 注射用配方 2: DMSO : PEG300 :Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如: 100 μL DMSO → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) 注射用配方 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如: 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) 示例: 以注射用配方 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) 为例说明, 如果要配制 1 mL 2.5 mg/mL的工作液, 您可以取 100 μL 25 mg/mL 澄清的 DMSO 储备液,加到 900 μL Corn oil/玉米油中, 混合均匀。 View More
注射用配方 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline = 10 : 90 [如:100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)] 口服配方
口服配方 1: 悬浮于0.5% CMC Na (羧甲基纤维素钠) 口服配方 2: 悬浮于0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素) 示例: 以口服配方 1 (悬浮于 0.5% CMC Na)为例说明, 如果要配制 100 mL 2.5 mg/mL 的工作液, 您可以先取0.5g CMC Na并将其溶解于100mL ddH2O中,得到0.5%CMC-Na澄清溶液;然后将250 mg待测化合物加到100 mL前述 0.5%CMC Na溶液中,得到悬浮液。 View More
口服配方 3: 溶解于 PEG400 (聚乙二醇400) 请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案: 1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液)); 2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方): 10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline); 假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL; 3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例; 4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶; 5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用! 6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们; 7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。 |
| 制备储备液 | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.1147 mL | 10.5735 mL | 21.1470 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4229 mL | 2.1147 mL | 4.2294 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2115 mL | 1.0574 mL | 2.1147 mL |
1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;
2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;
3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);
4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。
计算结果:
工作液浓度: mg/mL;
DMSO母液配制方法: mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。
体内配方配制方法:取 μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。
(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
(2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。