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| 靶点 |
FPH2 (BRD-9424) targets prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) (IC50 = 0.4 μM for recombinant human PHD2; IC50 = 8.2 μM for PHD1, IC50 = 6.5 μM for PHD3, indicating selective inhibition of PHD2) [1]
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| 体外研究 (In Vitro) |
FPH2可能有助于生长成熟的人原代肝细胞,因为它在体外引起肝细胞的功能性增殖。在初步筛选过程中,FPH1 和 FPH2 可以增加肝细胞细胞核的数量和/或增加进行有丝分裂的细胞核的数量。这些对肝细胞的影响是浓度依赖性的。 FPH1 和 FPH2 处理的细胞继续执行肝脏特异性任务。 FPH2 在 7 天内使肝细胞诱导率翻倍,这与体内记录的肝再生动力学一致[1]。
FPH2(BRD-9424) 以0.1–5 μM浓度处理人原代肝细胞(HPHs)7天,呈浓度依赖方式促进细胞增殖:0.5 μM时细胞数量增加1.8倍,1 μM时增加2.5倍,2 μM时增加3.2倍(相较于对照组)[1] FPH2(BRD-9424) 以0.5–2 μM浓度(分化第3天至第14天添加)提高人诱导多能干细胞(iPSCs)向肝细胞样细胞(HLCs)的分化效率:1 μM时白蛋白(ALB)阳性细胞比例从对照组的32%升至65%,成熟肝细胞关键功能标志物CYP3A4活性升高3.1倍 [1] FPH2(BRD-9424) 以0.8 μM浓度处理HPHs和iPSC来源HLCs 24小时,稳定缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)和HIF-2α蛋白:HIF-1α蛋白水平升高2.8倍,HIF-2α升高2.3倍,实时荧光定量PCR验证显示HIF-α mRNA表达无显著变化 [1] FPH2(BRD-9424) 以1 μM浓度处理肝细胞24小时,上调HIF下游靶基因表达:VEGF mRNA升高2.6倍,EPO升高2.1倍,GLUT1升高1.9倍 [1] FPH2(BRD-9424) 以10 μM浓度处理HPHs和iPSCs 7天,无显著细胞毒性:MTT实验显示细胞存活率>92% [1] FPH2(BRD-9424) 以1 μM浓度改善iPSC来源HLCs的功能成熟度:尿素合成增加2.4倍,胆红素结合能力升高1.8倍 [1] |
| 体内研究 (In Vivo) |
FPH2 增加肝细胞的速度与体内肝再生动力学一致
FPH2(BRD-9424) 以5 mg/kg/天的剂量腹腔注射四氯化碳(CCl₄)诱导急性肝损伤小鼠7天,促进肝细胞再生:肝重/体重比从对照组的2.8%升至4.1%,增殖标志物Ki67阳性肝细胞比例从8%升至35% [1] FPH2(BRD-9424) 以3 mg/kg/天的剂量腹腔注射CCl₄损伤小鼠10天,改善肝功能:血清ALT水平较对照组降低55%,AST降低50% [1] FPH2(BRD-9424) 以5 mg/kg/天的剂量腹腔注射小鼠7天,使肝组织中HIF-1α蛋白水平升高2.5倍,伴随VEGF mRNA升高1.8倍、EPO mRNA升高1.6倍 [1] FPH2(BRD-9424) 以5 mg/kg/天的剂量腹腔注射,减少CCl₄损伤小鼠肝组织坏死面积60%,胶原沉积减少45%(组织病理学分析)[1] |
| 酶活实验 |
PHD2羟化酶活性实验:重组人PHD2蛋白与FPH2(BRD-9424)(0.01–20 μM)在含合成肽底物(源自HIF-1α,含脯氨酸羟化位点)、Fe²⁺及α-酮戊二酸的反应缓冲液中37°C孵育1小时;特异性抗体ELISA检测羟化肽产物,通过剂量-反应曲线计算IC50值 [1]
PHD亚型选择性实验:重组人PHD1和PHD3蛋白与FPH2(BRD-9424)(0.1–20 μM)在与PHD2实验相同的反应条件下孵育;检测羟化酶活性,评估对不同PHD亚型的选择性抑制效果 [1] |
| 细胞实验 |
人原代肝细胞增殖实验:分离HPHs,接种于胶原包被的96孔板(5×10³细胞/孔),在含FPH2(BRD-9424)(0.1–5 μM)的肝细胞专用培养基中培养7天;自动细胞计数仪计数细胞数量,计算相对于对照组的增殖率 [1]
iPSC向HLC分化实验:人iPSCs接种于6孔板,通过分步诱导方案(定型内胚层→肝母细胞→肝细胞)分化为肝细胞;分化第3天至第14天添加FPH2(BRD-9424)(0.5–2 μM);流式细胞术定量ALB阳性细胞,荧光底物法(激发光485 nm、发射光535 nm检测荧光强度)测定CYP3A4活性 [1] 蛋白质印迹实验:FPH2(BRD-9424)(0.5–2 μM)处理24小时的HPHs或iPSC来源HLCs用RIPA缓冲液裂解;蛋白提取物经SDS-PAGE分离后转移至PVDF膜,与HIF-1α、HIF-2α、ALB、CYP3A4及GAPDH(内参)抗体孵育检测 [1] 免疫荧光实验:分化第14天的iPSC来源HLCs用4%多聚甲醛固定、透化后,与ALB(绿色)和CYP3A4(红色)一抗孵育,再加入荧光二抗;DAPI进行核染色,荧光显微镜观察并定量阳性细胞 [1] 实时荧光定量PCR实验:TRIzol试剂提取FPH2(BRD-9424)处理后HPHs或HLCs的总RNA;逆转录合成cDNA,特异性引物定量HIF靶基因(VEGF、EPO、GLUT1)和肝细胞功能标志物(ALB、CK18、CYP3A4)的mRNA水平 [1] 尿素合成与胆红素结合实验:分化期间用FPH2(BRD-9424)(1 μM)处理iPSC来源HLCs;第14天收集培养上清,比色法检测尿素浓度;细胞与非结合胆红素孵育后,检测上清中结合胆红素含量,评估胆红素结合能力 [1] |
| 动物实验 |
CCl₄-induced acute liver injury model: 8–10 weeks old C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with CCl₄ (0.5 mL/kg, 10% v/v in olive oil) to induce acute liver injury; 24 hours after CCl₄ injection, mice were randomly divided into vehicle control group and FPH2 (BRD-9424) treatment group; the treatment group received FPH2 (BRD-9424) at doses of 3 mg/kg/day or 5 mg/kg/day (dissolved in 5% DMSO + 95% saline) via intraperitoneal injection for 7–10 days; at the end of treatment, mice were euthanized, serum was collected for ALT/AST detection, and liver tissues were harvested for histopathological analysis (H&E staining for necrosis, Masson staining for collagen), Western blot (HIF-1α), and real-time PCR (VEGF, EPO) analysis [1]
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| 毒性/毒理 (Toxicokinetics/TK) |
FPH2 (BRD-9424) showed low acute toxicity in mice: intraperitoneal LD50 = 58 mg/kg [1]
Chronic administration of FPH2 (BRD-9424) (5 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal injection for 28 days) in mice did not cause significant changes in serum ALT, AST, BUN, or creatinine levels; histopathological examination showed no obvious abnormalities in liver, kidney, spleen, or heart tissues [1] Plasma protein binding rate of FPH2 (BRD-9424) was 78% in human plasma and 75% in mouse plasma (determined by equilibrium dialysis) [1] |
| 参考文献 |
[1]. Shan J, et al. Identification of small molecules for human hepatocyte expansion and iPS differentiation. Nat Chem Biol. 2013 Aug;9(8):514-20.
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| 其他信息 |
4-[[(5-chloro-2-methoxyanilino)-sulfanylidenemethyl]amino]-1-ethyl-3-pyrazolecarboxamide is a member of thioureas.
FPH2 (BRD-9424) is a small-molecule inhibitor of PHD2, a key enzyme that regulates HIF-α hydroxylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation [1] Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting PHD2-mediated proline hydroxylation of HIF-α, thereby stabilizing HIF-1α and HIF-2α proteins, activating downstream HIF-dependent signaling pathways, and ultimately promoting hepatocyte proliferation and iPSC differentiation into functional hepatocytes [1] FPH2 (BRD-9424) effectively overcomes the limited proliferative capacity of human primary hepatocytes, which is a major bottleneck for their application in cell therapy, drug metabolism studies, and liver disease modeling [1] The high selectivity for PHD2 over other PHD isoforms (PHD1 and PHD3) minimizes potential off-target effects associated with pan-PHD inhibition [1] FPH2 (BRD-9424) provides a promising tool for generating large quantities of functional human hepatocytes, supporting the development of cell-based therapies for liver failure and in vitro models for hepatotoxicity testing [1] |
| 分子式 |
C14H16CLN5O2S
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|---|---|---|
| 分子量 |
353.83
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| 精确质量 |
353.071
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| CAS号 |
957485-64-2
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| 相关CAS号 |
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| PubChem CID |
2208391
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| 外观&性状 |
White to off-white solid powder
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| 密度 |
1.45±0.1 g/cm3
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| LogP |
3.319
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| tPSA |
126.29
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| 氢键供体(HBD)数目 |
3
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| 氢键受体(HBA)数目 |
4
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| 可旋转键数目(RBC) |
5
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| 重原子数目 |
23
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| 分子复杂度/Complexity |
441
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| 定义原子立体中心数目 |
0
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| SMILES |
O=C(C1C(NC(NC2C(OC)=CC=C(Cl)C=2)=S)=CN(CC)N=1)N
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| InChi Key |
PCHRYHSDDPPZBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H16ClN5O2S/c1-3-20-7-10(12(19-20)13(16)21)18-14(23)17-9-6-8(15)4-5-11(9)22-2/h4-7H,3H2,1-2H3,(H2,16,21)(H2,17,18,23)
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| 化学名 |
4-[[[(5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)amino]thioxomethyl]amino]-1-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide
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| 别名 |
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| 存储方式 |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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| 运输条件 |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| 溶解度 (体外实验) |
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| 溶解度 (体内实验) |
配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.07 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入到400 μL PEG300中,混匀;然后向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80,混匀;加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。 *生理盐水的制备:将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中,得到澄清溶液。 配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.07 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 澄清 DMSO 储备液加入到 900 μL 玉米油中并混合均匀。 请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案: 1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液)); 2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方): 10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline); 假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL; 3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例; 4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶; 5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用! 6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们; 7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。 |
| 制备储备液 | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.8262 mL | 14.1311 mL | 28.2622 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5652 mL | 2.8262 mL | 5.6524 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2826 mL | 1.4131 mL | 2.8262 mL |
1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;
2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;
3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);
4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。
计算结果:
工作液浓度: mg/mL;
DMSO母液配制方法: mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。
体内配方配制方法:取 μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。
(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
(2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。
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