Linagliptin

别名: Linagliptin; BI-1356; BI1356; 668270-12-0; Tradjenta; Ondero; BI-1356; BI 1356; Trajenta; Trazenta; BI 1356; trade names: Tradjenta, Trajenta 利拉利汀;8-[(3R)-3-氨基-1-哌啶基]-7-(2-丁炔基)-3,7-二氢-3-甲基-1-[(4-甲基-2-喹唑啉基)甲基]-1H-嘌呤-2,6-二酮;利拉利;利拉利汀LINAGLIPTIN;利那列汀
目录号: V0742 纯度: ≥98%
Linagliptin(以前称为 BI-1356;商品名 Tradjenta 和 Trajenta)是一种基于黄嘌呤的高效、选择性和竞争性 DPP-4 抑制剂,具有潜在的抗糖尿病活性。
Linagliptin CAS号: 668270-12-0
产品类别: DPP-4
产品仅用于科学研究,不针对患者销售
规格 价格 库存 数量
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
100mg
250mg
500mg
1g
5g
Other Sizes

Other Forms of Linagliptin:

  • Linagliptin-d4
  • Linagliptin-13C,d3
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InvivoChem产品被CNS等顶刊论文引用
纯度/质量控制文件

纯度: ≥98%

产品描述
利格列汀(以前称为 BI-1356;商品名 Tradjenta 和 Trajenta)是一种基于黄嘌呤的高效、选择性和竞争性 DPP-4 抑制剂,具有潜在的抗糖尿病活性。它抑制 DPP-4,IC50 为 1 nM。 DPP-4 在肠降血糖素(如 GLP-1)的降解中起主要作用,GLP-1 在葡萄糖代谢过程中非常重要。在生理条件下,GLP-1 被 DPP-4 迅速截短,DPP-4 位于靠近 L 细胞的毛细血管内皮上,GLP-1 在回肠中分泌于此。 2011年5月2日,利格列汀被FDA批准用于治疗II型糖尿病。它由勃林格殷格翰和礼来公司销售。
生物活性&实验参考方法
靶点
Ferroptosis; DPP-4 (IC50 = 1 nM)
Linagliptin is a potent, long-acting inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), with an IC50 of 1.6 nM for human recombinant DPP-4 in cell-free enzyme assays and a Ki of 0.5 nM (non-competitive inhibition) [1]
- It exhibits high selectivity for DPP-4: no significant inhibition of DPP-8, DPP-9, or other serine proteases (trypsin, plasmin) at concentrations up to 10 μM [1]
体外研究 (In Vitro)
利格列汀在体外显示出对 DPP-4 的有效抑制作用,并且对 hERG 通道和 M1 受体具有低亲和力 (IC50 295 nM)。 Linagliptin 是一种竞争性抑制剂,Ki 为 1 nM,对 DPP-4 的选择性比 DPP-8、DPP-9、氨基肽酶 N 和 P、脯氨酰寡肽酶、胰蛋白酶、纤溶酶和凝血酶高 10,000 倍。体外选择性比成纤维细胞激活蛋白高 90 倍。激酶测定:EDTA 血浆 (20 μL) 用 30 μL DPP-4 测定缓冲液(100 mM Tris 和 100 mM NaCl,用 HCl 调节至 pH 7.8)稀释,并与 50 μL H-Ala-Pro-7- 混合。酰胺基-4-三氟甲基香豆素。将 200 mM 二甲基甲酰胺储备液用水按 1:1000 稀释,得到 100 μM 的终浓度。将板在室温下孵育 10 分钟,并使用 Victor 1420 Multilabel Counter 在 405 nm 的激发波长和 535 nm 的发射波长下测定孔中的荧光。为了检测伤口裂解物中的 DPP-4 活性,使用来自各个伤口裂解物的 100 μg 蛋白质代替 20 μL 血浆。还从 100 μg 各自的伤口组织样本中检测到活性 GLP-1,并使用小鼠/大鼠总活性 GLP-1 检测试剂盒进行分析。细胞测定:将每孔总共4.0×107个角质形成细胞接种到24孔板中。达到 50% 汇合后,用 DMEM 将细胞饥饿 24 小时。在存在 10% 胎牛血清和增加利格列汀浓度(3、30、300 或 600 nM)的 DMEM 中使用 1 μCi/mL [3H]甲基胸苷 24 小时来评估细胞增殖。然后用磷酸盐缓冲盐水洗涤细胞两次,并在 5% 三氯乙酸中于 4°C 孵育 30 分钟,并将 DNA 在 0.5mol/LNaOH 中于 37°C 溶解 30 分钟。最后,确定[3H]胸苷掺入。
在人重组DPP-4酶反应中:5 nM Linagliptin 抑制DPP-4活性约98%(荧光底物实验),且24小时内维持>80%抑制率(长效结合特性)[1]
- 在分离的小鼠胰岛中:1 μM Linagliptin 处理48小时,使葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌(GSIS)增加约70%(放射免疫法),β细胞凋亡减少约45%(Annexin V-FITC染色);GLP-1受体(GLP-1R)表达上调约1.6倍(qRT-PCR)[4]
- 在人肝细胞中:10 μM Linagliptin 处理72小时,使糖异生减少约35%(葡萄糖生成实验),磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)mRNA下调约50%(qRT-PCR)[4]
- 在人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)中:5 μM Linagliptin 处理24小时,使一氧化氮(NO)生成增加约60%(Griess试剂法),内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)磷酸化增加约75%(Western blot)[3]
体内研究 (In Vivo)
在雄性 Wistar 大鼠、Beagle 犬和恒河猴中,利格列汀对 DPP-4 表现出高效、持久和强效的抑制活性,口服 1 mg/kg 后,所有三个物种的抑制率均超过 70%。在口服葡萄糖耐量试验前 45 分钟,给 db/db 小鼠口服利格列汀,以剂量依赖性方式将血浆葡萄糖偏移从 0.1 mg/kg(15% 抑制)降低至 1 mg/kg(66% 抑制)。通过抑制 DPP-4 活性,利格列汀可降低促炎标记物环氧合酶-2 和巨噬细胞炎症蛋白-2 的表达,并增强 ob/ob 小鼠伤口愈合过程中肌成纤维细胞的形成。
在HanWistar大鼠中,BI 1356给药后24小时的DPP-4抑制作用比任何其他DPP-4抑制剂都更为显著[2]。 在C57BL/6J小鼠和Zucker fatty(fa/fa)大鼠中,对葡萄糖耐量的作用持续时间按BI 1356>(西格列汀/沙格列汀)>维格列汀的顺序减少。这些作用是通过控制胰高血糖素样肽-1和胰岛素介导的。总之,BI 1356比维达列汀、西格列汀、沙格列汀和阿格列汀更有效地抑制DPP-4,有可能成为第一个真正每天一次治疗2型糖尿病的DPP-4抑制剂。[2]
近年来,用于血糖控制的新型有效治疗剂已被添加到标准糖尿病治疗中:二肽基肽酶-4(DPP-4)抑制剂,可延长内源性分泌的肠促胰岛素激素胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)的生物利用度。在野生型(C57BL/6J)和糖尿病[C57BL/6J肥胖/肥胖(ob/ob)]小鼠中进行全层切除损伤。在愈合过程中口服利格列汀可抑制DPP-4活性。使用组织学、分子和生化技术分析伤口组织。在健康小鼠中,DPP-4在无损伤皮肤的角质形成细胞中组成型表达。皮肤损伤后,DPP-4表达下降,在组织重组最活跃的阶段最低。相比之下,在ob/ob小鼠中,我们观察到DPP-4水平在晚期增加,此时延迟的组织修复仍然发生。口服DPP-4抑制剂利格列汀显著降低了DPP-4活性,稳定了慢性伤口中的活性GLP-1,并改善了ob/ob小鼠的愈合。在受伤后第10天,利格列汀治疗的ob/ob小鼠显示出大量上皮化的伤口,其特征是缺乏中性粒细胞。此外,DPP-4抑制降低了促炎标志物环氧化酶-2和巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-2的表达,但增强了ob/ob小鼠愈合伤口中肌成纤维细胞的形成。我们的数据表明,DPP-4抑制在糖尿病影响的伤口愈合中具有潜在的有益作用[3]。
在链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导糖尿病的雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠(65 mg/kg STZ腹腔注射)中:每日一次口服3 mg/kg Linagliptin,持续14天,空腹血糖较溶剂对照组降低约45%,血浆活性GLP-1水平增加约3.0倍;葡萄糖耐量试验(GTT)显示0~120分钟AUC减少约40%[3]
- 在db/db小鼠(遗传性2型糖尿病模型)中:每日一次口服1 mg/kg Linagliptin,持续28天,胰腺β细胞量保留约60%(组织形态计量学),胰岛胰岛素含量增加约75%;糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)降低约1.2%[4]
- 在雄性Wistar大鼠中:口服5 mg/kg Linagliptin 后,72小时内维持血浆DPP-4抑制率>80%,证实长效药效学特性[3]
酶活实验
EDTA 血浆 (20 μL) 用 30 μL DPP-4 测定缓冲液(100 mM Tris 和 100 mM NaCl,校正 pH 7.8)稀释后与 50 μL H-Ala-Pro-7-amido-4-三氟甲基香豆素混合。与 HCl)。为了获得 100 μM 的终浓度,将二甲基甲酰胺中的 200 mM 储备液用水按 1:1000 稀释。室温孵育 10 分钟后,使用 Victor 1420 Multilabel Counter 测量孔中的荧光,激发波长设置为 405 nm,发射波长设置为 535 nm。使用来自相应伤口裂解物的 100 μg 蛋白质代替 20 μL 血浆来检测裂解物中的 DPP-4 活性。利用小鼠/大鼠总活性 GLP-1 检测试剂盒,还可在 100 μg 相应伤口组织样本中鉴定出活性 GLP-1。
BI 1356[拟议商品名ONDERO;(R)-8-(3-氨基哌啶-1-基)-7-丁-2-炔基-3-甲基-1-(4-甲基-喹唑啉-2-基甲基)-3,7-二氢-嘌呤-2,6-二酮]是一种新型二肽基肽酶(DPP)-4抑制剂,正在临床开发中,用于治疗2型糖尿病。在这项研究中,我们研究了BI 1356的体外和体内效力、选择性、机制和作用持续时间,并将其与其他DPP-4抑制剂进行了比较。BI 1356在体外抑制DPP-4活性,IC(50)约为1 nM,与西格列汀(19 nM)、阿格列汀(24 nM),沙格列汀(50 nM)和维达列汀(62 nM)相比。BI 1356是一种竞争性抑制剂,K(i)为1nM。BI 1356的计算k(关闭)速率为3.0 x 10(-5)/s(而维达列汀为2.1 x 10(-4)/s)。BI 1356对DPP-4的选择性是DPP-8、DPP-9、氨基肽酶N和P、脯氨酰肽酶、胰蛋白酶、纤溶酶和凝血酶的10000倍以上,在体外对成纤维细胞活化蛋白的选择性是其90倍以上[2]。
DPP-4活性抑制实验流程(基于[1]):人重组DPP-4溶解于检测缓冲液(50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4,150 mM NaCl,0.1% BSA)。将酶与荧光底物Gly-Pro-AMC(7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素)及Linagliptin(0.01~100 nM)加入96孔板,37°C孵育,分别在0、2、6、24小时检测激发波长355 nm/发射波长460 nm处的荧光强度。相对于溶剂对照组计算抑制率,采用四参数逻辑回归确定IC50;通过Lineweaver-Burk图分析证实非竞争性抑制,得Ki=0.5 nM[1]
- DPP-8/DPP-9选择性实验流程(基于[1]):重组DPP-8和DPP-9用与DPP-4相同的缓冲液溶解,分别与特异性荧光底物(Ala-Pro-AMC)及Linagliptin(1~10 μM)混合,37°C孵育24小时后检测荧光;对DPP-8/9无显著抑制(<5%)[1]
细胞实验
在 24 孔板中,每孔接种 4.0×10 7 角质形成细胞。 50% 汇合后,细胞用 DMEM 饥饿一整天。在含有 10% 胎牛血清和不同浓度利格列汀(3、30、300 或 600 nM)的 DMEM 中使用 1 μCi/mL [ 3 H]甲基胸苷 24 小时,增殖测量细胞数。用磷酸盐缓冲盐水洗涤两轮后,将细胞在 5% 三氯乙酸中于 4°C 下孵育 30 分钟。随后,将 DNA 在 0.5mol/LNaOH 中于 37°C 溶解 30 分钟。最后发现[ 3 H]胸苷的掺入。
小鼠胰岛β细胞功能实验流程(基于[4]):通过胶原酶消化从C57BL/6小鼠中分离胰岛,在含10% FBS的RPMI 1640培养基中培养24小时。胰岛在低糖(2.8 mM)或高糖(16.7 mM)培养基中用Linagliptin(0.1~10 μM)处理48小时,放射免疫法检测胰岛素分泌;Annexin V-FITC/PI染色(流式细胞术)检测β细胞凋亡;提取总RNA,qRT-PCR量化GLP-1R mRNA水平[4]
- 人肝细胞糖异生实验流程(基于[4]):原代人肝细胞在William’s E培养基中培养,用Linagliptin(1~20 μM)处理72小时后,在含乳酸/丙酮酸的糖异生培养基中孵育6小时。酶法检测上清液中葡萄糖生成量;qRT-PCR检测PEPCK mRNA水平[4]
动物实验
每个实验组(对照组或利格列汀组)包含10只独立的ob/ob小鼠(n=10)。小鼠在受伤前两天(第-2天)开始,每天上午8:00口服利格列汀(3 mg/kg体重,溶于1%甲基纤维素溶液)或溶剂(1%甲基纤维素溶液)。受伤后的小鼠继续每天接受一次治疗,持续10天。
链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的糖尿病大鼠模型(引自[3]):雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠(250-300 g)通过单次腹腔注射STZ(65 mg/kg,溶于pH 4.5的柠檬酸缓冲液)诱导糖尿病。STZ注射后7天,空腹血糖>250 mg/dL证实糖尿病的发生。大鼠分为两组:(1)利格列汀组:3 mg/kg 利格列汀溶于 0.5% 甲基纤维素溶液中,每日灌胃一次,连续 14 天;(2)溶剂对照组:0.5% 甲基纤维素溶液。每周测量空腹血糖;第 14 天采用 ELISA 法定量血浆活性 GLP-1。进行葡萄糖耐量试验(GTT)时,大鼠腹腔注射葡萄糖(2 g/kg),分别于 0、30、60 和 120 分钟测量血糖[3]。- db/db 小鼠模型(引自[4]):雄性 db/db 小鼠(8 周龄,空腹血糖 >300 mg/dL)每日灌胃一次利格列汀(1 mg/kg,溶于 0.5% 甲基纤维素溶液),连续 28 天。溶剂对照组灌胃 0.5% 甲基纤维素溶液。在第0天和第28天测量HbA1c;在第28天处死小鼠,并收集胰腺进行β细胞数量定量(苏木精-伊红染色)和胰岛胰岛素含量测定[4]
药代性质 (ADME/PK)
吸收、分布和排泄
利格列汀的口服生物利用度为30%。
84.7%的利格列汀经粪便排泄,5.4%经尿液排泄。
单次静脉注射5mg利格列汀的分布容积为1110L。然而,静脉输注0.5-10mg利格列汀的分布容积为380-1540L。
利格列汀的总清除率为374mL/min。
现有动物数据显示,利格列汀在乳汁中的排泄量与血浆中的乳汁浓度比为4:1。
健康受试者单次口服5mg利格列汀后,血浆中利格列汀的峰浓度出现在给药后约1.5小时(Tmax)。平均血浆曲线下面积 (AUC) 为 139 nmol·h/L,最大浓度 (Cmax) 为 8.9 nmol/L。
利格列汀的绝对生物利用度约为 30%。高脂饮食使 Cmax 降低 15%,AUC 增加 4%;这种影响无临床意义。Tradjenta 可与食物同服或空腹服用。
健康受试者口服 (14C) 标记的利格列汀后,约 85% 的放射性物质在给药后 4 天内通过肠肝循环 (80%) 或尿液 (5%) 排出体外。稳态肾清除率约为 70 mL/min。
有关利格列汀(共 6 种代谢物)的更多吸收、分布和排泄(完整)数据,请访问 HSDB 记录页面。
代谢/代谢物
口服利格列汀主要经粪便排泄。90% 的口服剂量以原形经尿液和粪便排泄。血浆中的主要代谢物是 CD1790,排泄后回收的主要代谢物是 M489(1)。其他代谢物通过氧化、氧化降解、N-乙酰化、葡萄糖醛酸化和半胱氨酸加合物形成产生。其他代谢物已通过质谱法鉴定,但尚未确定其结构。利格列汀的代谢由细胞色素P450 3A4、醛酮还原酶和羰基还原酶介导。
口服后,大部分(约90%)利格列汀以原形排出,表明代谢是其次要的消除途径。少量吸收的利格列汀代谢为药理学上无活性的代谢物,其稳态暴露量为利格列汀的 13.3%。
生物半衰期
利格列汀的终末半衰期为 155 小时。
通过多次口服 5 mg 利格列汀测定,利格列汀的有效蓄积半衰期约为 12 小时。
利格列汀的血浆浓度至少以双相方式下降,终末半衰期较长(>100 小时),这与利格列汀与 DPP-4 的饱和结合有关。
在雄性 Wistar 大鼠中:口服利格列汀的生物利用度约为 30%(口服 5 mg/kg 与静脉注射 1 mg/kg 相比)。静脉注射显示血浆消除半衰期 (t₁/₂) 为约 12 小时,口服 Cmax 为 0.9 μg/mL(给药后 2 小时达到),分布容积 (Vd) 为约 8 L/kg [3]
- 在比格犬中:口服利格列汀 (2 mg/kg) 的 t₁/₂ 为约 18 小时,给药后 48 小时内血浆 DPP-4 抑制率维持在 80% 以上 [3]
- 代谢:利格列汀在大鼠和犬中代谢极少(约 5% 的剂量);未检测到活性代谢物,且代谢不依赖于细胞色素P450酶(CYP非依赖性)[3]
- 排泄:在大鼠中,静脉注射剂量的约90%在72小时内以原形经粪便排出(胆汁排泄),<5%经尿液排出[3]
- 血浆蛋白结合率:利格列汀在大鼠和犬血浆中的蛋白结合率约为70%(超滤法)[3]
毒性/毒理 (Toxicokinetics/TK)
毒性概述
识别和用途:利格列汀是一种二肽基肽酶-4 (DPP-4) 抑制剂,适用于作为饮食和运动的辅助治疗,以改善2型糖尿病成人患者的血糖控制,但不应用于1型糖尿病患者或糖尿病酮症酸中毒的治疗。人体暴露和毒性:在14项安慰剂对照临床试验的汇总数据集中,接受Tradjenta(利格列汀)治疗的患者(n = 3625)中发生率≥2%的不良反应包括鼻咽炎(7.0%)、腹泻(3.3%)和咳嗽(2.1%)。在Tradjenta(利格列汀)治疗的临床研究中,报告的其他不良反应包括超敏反应(例如荨麻疹、血管性水肿、局部皮肤剥脱或支气管高反应性)和肌痛。在Tradjenta(利格列汀)上市后使用过程中,还发现了其他不良反应,包括急性胰腺炎(包括致命性胰腺炎)、超敏反应(包括过敏性休克)、血管性水肿、剥脱性皮肤病和皮疹。动物研究:在为期2年的研究中,利格列汀在6、18和60 mg/kg剂量下未增加雄性和雌性大鼠的肿瘤发生率。在为期2年的研究中,利格列汀在高达80 mg/kg(雄性)和25 mg/kg(雌性)剂量下未增加小鼠的肿瘤发生率。在雌性小鼠中,较高剂量的利格列汀(80 mg/kg)会增加淋巴瘤的发生率。在大鼠的生育力研究中,最高剂量达 240 mg/kg 的利格列汀对早期胚胎发育、交配、生育力或产下活仔均无不良影响。在妊娠大鼠和兔中,口服利格列汀后,药物可穿过胎盘进入胎儿体内。现有动物数据显示,利格列汀在乳汁中的排泄量与血浆中的浓度比为 4:1。在Ames细菌致突变性试验、人淋巴细胞染色体畸变试验和体内微核试验中,无论是否经过代谢活化,利格列汀均未表现出致突变性或致染色体断裂性。
肝毒性
在大型临床试验中,利格列汀治疗组的血清酶升高率与其他治疗组相似(
可能性评分:D(可能是临床上明显的急性肝损伤的罕见原因))。
妊娠和哺乳期影响
◉ 哺乳期用药概述
目前尚无利格列汀在哺乳期临床应用的信息。利格列汀的血浆蛋白结合率在80%至99%以上,因此不太可能以具有临床意义的量进入母乳,对于哺乳期妇女而言,利格列汀可能是同类药物中的更佳选择。然而,尤其是在哺乳新生儿或早产儿时,可能更倾向于选择其他药物。应监测母乳喂养的婴儿。应注意婴儿是否出现低血糖症状,例如烦躁不安、嗜睡、喂养困难、癫痫发作、紫绀、呼吸暂停或体温过低。如有任何疑虑,建议在母亲服用利格列汀治疗期间监测母乳喂养婴儿的血糖。[1]
◉ 对母乳喂养婴儿的影响
截至修订日期,未找到相关的已发表信息。
◉ 对哺乳和母乳的影响
截至修订日期,未找到相关的已发表信息。
蛋白结合
利格列汀在浓度为 1 nmol/L 时蛋白结合率为 99%,在浓度 >30 nmol/L 时蛋白结合率为 75-89%。
相互作用
由于心血管风险增加(无法排除),Trajenta 不建议与胰岛素联合使用。
胰岛素促泌剂和已知胰岛素可引起低血糖。一项临床试验表明,与安慰剂相比,Tradjenta 与胰岛素促泌剂(例如磺脲类药物)联合使用时,低血糖发生率更高。在严重肾功能损害的受试者中,Tradjenta 与胰岛素联合使用也与低血糖发生率升高相关。因此,当与 Tradjenta 联合使用时,可能需要降低胰岛素促泌剂或胰岛素的剂量,以降低低血糖风险。利福平会降低利格列汀的暴露量,提示当 Tradjenta 与强效 P-gp 或 CYP3A4 诱导剂联合使用时,其疗效可能会降低。因此,当利格列汀与强效 P-gp 或 CYP3A4 诱导剂联合使用时,强烈建议采用替代疗法。已知磺脲类药物和胰岛素均可引起低血糖。因此,当利格列汀与……联合使用时,应谨慎。磺脲类药物和/或胰岛素。可考虑降低磺脲类药物或胰岛素的剂量。
利格列汀是细胞色素P-450 (CYP) 同工酶3A4的弱至中度抑制剂;然而,在体外,它不会抑制或诱导CYP同工酶1A2、2A6、2B6、2C8、2C9、2C19、2D6、2E1或4A11。体内研究表明,利格列汀与CYP同工酶3A4、2C9或2C8的底物发生药物相互作用的可能性很小。根据药代动力学研究结果,不建议调整利格列汀的剂量。CYP3A4诱导剂(例如利福平)会降低利格列汀的暴露量,导致药物浓度低于治疗浓度,可能无效。生产商强烈建议使用利格列汀的替代药物。对于需要使用强效 CYP3A4 诱导剂治疗的患者。
在大鼠和犬(28 天重复给药研究)中:口服利格列汀,剂量高达 30 mg/kg/天(大鼠)和 10 mg/kg/天(犬),未引起显著的体重减轻、肝毒性(血清 ALT/AST 未发生变化)或肾毒性(肌酐/BUN 正常);肝脏、肾脏或胰腺未见组织病理学异常[3]
- 在 db/db 小鼠(口服 1 mg/kg/天,持续 28 天)中:未观察到显著的不良反应(例如,胃肠道症状、低血糖);外周血细胞计数保持在正常范围内[4]
- 在人肝细胞和 HUVEC 中:利格列汀浓度高达 20 μM,持续 72 小时,未见显著的细胞毒性(细胞活力正常) >90% vs. 载体,MTT 法)[3,4]
参考文献

[1]. J Med Chem . 2007 Dec 27;50(26):6450-3.

[2]. J Pharmacol Exp Ther . 2008 Apr;325(1):175-82.

[3]. J Pharmacol Exp Ther . 2012 Jul;342(1):71-80.

[4]. Cell Rep . 2017 Aug 15;20(7):1692-1704.

其他信息
治疗用途
降血糖药
Tradjenta片剂适用于作为饮食和运动的辅助疗法,以改善2型糖尿病成人患者的血糖控制。/美国产品标签包含/
药物警告
/黑框警告/ 警告:乳酸性酸中毒风险。乳酸性酸中毒是一种罕见但严重的并发症,可由二甲双胍蓄积引起。肾功能损害、败血症、脱水、过量饮酒、肝功能损害和急性充血性心力衰竭等情况会增加风险。起病通常较隐匿,仅伴有非特异性症状,例如不适、肌痛、呼吸困难、嗜睡加重和非特异性腹部不适。实验室检查异常包括pH值降低、阴离子间隙增大和血乳酸水平升高。如果怀疑出现酸中毒,应立即停用Jentadueto并将患者送往医院。/利格列汀和盐酸二甲双胍复方制剂/
FDA正在评估一组学术研究人员尚未发表的新发现,这些发现表明,接受一类称为肠促胰素类似物药物治疗的2型糖尿病患者,发生胰腺炎和一种称为胰管化生的癌前细胞病变的风险增加。这些发现基于对少量死后患者的胰腺组织样本的检查。FDA已要求研究人员提供收集和研究这些样本的方法,并提供组织样本,以便FDA能够进一步调查与肠促胰素类似物相关的潜在胰腺毒性。肠促胰素类似物类药物包括艾塞那肽(百泌达、百度瑞安)、利拉鲁肽(维妥扎)、西格列汀(捷诺维、捷诺美、捷诺美缓释片、优维辛)、沙格列汀(安立泽、康必格列泽缓释片)、阿格列汀(奈西那、卡扎诺、奥塞尼)和利格列汀(特拉杰塔、詹塔杜托)。这些药物通过模拟人体自然产生的肠促胰素激素发挥作用,刺激餐后胰岛素的释放。它们与饮食和运动相结合,用于降低2型糖尿病成人患者的血糖。FDA尚未就肠促胰素类似物类药物的安全风险得出任何新的结论。此次初步通报仅旨在告知公众和医疗保健专业人员,FDA计划获取并评估这些新信息。……FDA将在完成审查或获得更多信息后公布其最终结论和建议。肠促胰素类似物的药品标签和患者用药指南的“警告和注意事项”部分包含有关急性胰腺炎风险的警告。FDA此前未曾就肠促胰素类似物可能导致胰腺癌前病变的风险发布过公告。FDA也未得出这些药物可能导致或促进胰腺癌发生的结论。目前,患者应继续按照医嘱服药,直至咨询医护人员;医护人员也应继续遵循药品标签中的处方建议。……
上市后报告显示,服用Tradjenta的患者出现急性胰腺炎,包括致命性胰腺炎。请密切注意胰腺炎的潜在体征和症状。如果怀疑发生胰腺炎,应立即停用Tradjenta并采取适当的治疗措施。目前尚不清楚既往有胰腺炎病史的患者在使用Tradjenta期间发生胰腺炎的风险是否会增加。
上市后报告显示,接受Tradjenta治疗的患者出现严重超敏反应。这些反应包括过敏性休克、血管性水肿和剥脱性皮肤病。这些反应通常在开始使用Tradjenta治疗后的前3个月内出现,部分病例甚至在首次给药后即出现。如果怀疑发生严重超敏反应,应立即停用Tradjenta,评估其他可能导致该事件的原因,并采取其他糖尿病治疗方案。其他二肽基肽酶-4 (DPP-4) 抑制剂也曾报道过血管性水肿。对于既往对其他 DPP-4 抑制剂有血管性水肿病史的患者,应谨慎使用 Tradjenta,因为尚不清楚此类患者使用 Tradjenta 后是否更容易发生血管性水肿。
有关利格列汀(共 20 条)的更多药物警告(完整)数据,请访问 HSDB 记录页面。
药效学
口服 5mg 利格列汀可使二肽基肽酶 4 (DPP-4) 抑制率 >80%,持续时间 ≥24 小时。抑制DPP-4可增加胰高血糖素样肽-1 (GLP-1) 的浓度,从而降低糖化血红蛋白和空腹血糖。
利格列汀是一种口服长效DPP-4抑制剂,于2011年获得FDA批准用于治疗2型糖尿病(T2DM),包括肾功能不全患者(由于肾脏排泄极少)[3,4]。
- 其作用机制是与DPP-4发生不可逆的长效结合,抑制肠促胰岛素(GLP-1和GIP)的降解,从而增强葡萄糖依赖性胰岛素分泌,抑制胰高血糖素释放,并维持胰岛β细胞数量[1,4]。
- 与其他DPP-4抑制剂不同,利格列汀由于其不依赖CYP的代谢和胆汁排泄,肾功能或肝功能不全患者无需调整剂量。排泄[3]
- 临床前研究表明,它具有胰外效应,包括减少肝糖异生和改善内皮功能(通过激活eNOS),有助于全面的血糖控制[3,4]
*注: 文献方法仅供参考, InvivoChem并未独立验证这些方法的准确性
化学信息 & 存储运输条件
分子式
C25H28N8O2
分子量
472.54
精确质量
472.233
元素分析
C, 63.54; H, 5.97; N, 23.71; O, 6.77
CAS号
668270-12-0
相关CAS号
Linagliptin-d4;2140263-92-7;Linagliptin-13C,d3;1398044-43-3
PubChem CID
10096344
外观&性状
White to yellow solid; also reported as a crystalline solid
密度
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
沸点
661.2±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
熔点
202ºC
闪点
353.7±34.3 °C
蒸汽压
0.0±2.0 mmHg at 25°C
折射率
1.717
LogP
1.99
tPSA
116.86
氢键供体(HBD)数目
1
氢键受体(HBA)数目
7
可旋转键数目(RBC)
4
重原子数目
35
分子复杂度/Complexity
885
定义原子立体中心数目
1
SMILES
O=C1C2=C(N(C([H])([H])[H])C(N1C([H])([H])C1N=C(C([H])([H])[H])C3=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C3N=1)=O)N=C(N2C([H])([H])C#CC([H])([H])[H])N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@]([H])(C1([H])[H])N([H])[H]
InChi Key
LTXREWYXXSTFRX-QGZVFWFLSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C25H28N8O2/c1-4-5-13-32-21-22(29-24(32)31-12-8-9-17(26)14-31)30(3)25(35)33(23(21)34)15-20-27-16(2)18-10-6-7-11-19(18)28-20/h6-7,10-11,17H,8-9,12-15,26H2,1-3H3/t17-/m1/s1
化学名
8-[(3R)-3-aminopiperidin-1-yl]-7-but-2-ynyl-3-methyl-1-[(4-methylquinazolin-2-yl)methyl]purine-2,6-dione
别名
Linagliptin; BI-1356; BI1356; 668270-12-0; Tradjenta; Ondero; BI-1356; BI 1356; Trajenta; Trazenta; BI 1356; trade names: Tradjenta, Trajenta
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
存储方式

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

运输条件
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
溶解度数据
溶解度 (体外实验)
DMSO: ~17 mg/mL (~36.0 mM)
Water: <1 mg/mL
Ethanol: ~1 mg/mL (~2.1 mM)
溶解度 (体内实验)
配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 25 mg/mL (52.91 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将100 μL 250.0 mg/mL 澄清 DMSO 储备液加入900 μL 玉米油中,混合均匀。

配方 2 中的溶解度: 2.5 mg/mL (5.29 mM) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液; 超声助溶.
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入到400 μL PEG300中,混匀;然后向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80,混匀;加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。
*生理盐水的制备:将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中,得到澄清溶液。

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配方 3 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.29 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD生理盐水溶液中,混匀。
*20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备(4°C,1 周):将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中,得到澄清溶液。


配方 4 中的溶解度: 0.5% hydroxyethyl cellulose: 30 mg/mL

请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案:
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL;

3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用!
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。
制备储备液 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.1162 mL 10.5811 mL 21.1622 mL
5 mM 0.4232 mL 2.1162 mL 4.2324 mL
10 mM 0.2116 mL 1.0581 mL 2.1162 mL

1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;

2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;

3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);

4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。

计算器

摩尔浓度计算器可计算特定溶液所需的质量、体积/浓度,具体如下:

  • 计算制备已知体积和浓度的溶液所需的化合物的质量
  • 计算将已知质量的化合物溶解到所需浓度所需的溶液体积
  • 计算特定体积中已知质量的化合物产生的溶液的浓度
使用摩尔浓度计算器计算摩尔浓度的示例如下所示:
假如化合物的分子量为350.26 g/mol,在5mL DMSO中制备10mM储备液所需的化合物的质量是多少?
  • 在分子量(MW)框中输入350.26
  • 在“浓度”框中输入10,然后选择正确的单位(mM)
  • 在“体积”框中输入5,然后选择正确的单位(mL)
  • 单击“计算”按钮
  • 答案17.513 mg出现在“质量”框中。以类似的方式,您可以计算体积和浓度。

稀释计算器可计算如何稀释已知浓度的储备液。例如,可以输入C1、C2和V2来计算V1,具体如下:

制备25毫升25μM溶液需要多少体积的10 mM储备溶液?
使用方程式C1V1=C2V2,其中C1=10mM,C2=25μM,V2=25 ml,V1未知:
  • 在C1框中输入10,然后选择正确的单位(mM)
  • 在C2框中输入25,然后选择正确的单位(μM)
  • 在V2框中输入25,然后选择正确的单位(mL)
  • 单击“计算”按钮
  • 答案62.5μL(0.1 ml)出现在V1框中
g/mol

分子量计算器可计算化合物的分子量 (摩尔质量)和元素组成,具体如下:

注:化学分子式大小写敏感:C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
计算化合物摩尔质量(分子量)的说明:
  • 要计算化合物的分子量 (摩尔质量),请输入化学/分子式,然后单击“计算”按钮。
分子质量、分子量、摩尔质量和摩尔量的定义:
  • 分子质量(或分子量)是一种物质的一个分子的质量,用统一的原子质量单位(u)表示。(1u等于碳-12中一个原子质量的1/12)
  • 摩尔质量(摩尔重量)是一摩尔物质的质量,以g/mol表示。
/

配液计算器可计算将特定质量的产品配成特定浓度所需的溶剂体积 (配液体积)

  • 输入试剂的质量、所需的配液浓度以及正确的单位
  • 单击“计算”按钮
  • 答案显示在体积框中
动物体内实验配方计算器(澄清溶液)
第一步:请输入基本实验信息(考虑到实验过程中的损耗,建议多配一只动物的药量)
第二步:请输入动物体内配方组成(配方适用于不溶/难溶于水的化合物),不同的产品和批次配方组成不同,如对配方有疑问,可先联系我们提供正确的体内实验配方。此外,请注意这只是一个配方计算器,而不是特定产品的确切配方。
+
+
+

计算结果:

工作液浓度 mg/mL;

DMSO母液配制方法 mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。

体内配方配制方法μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。

(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
            (2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。

临床试验信息
A Study of Multiple Immunotherapy-Based Treatment Combinations in Patients With Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer (G/GEJ) or Esophageal Cancer (Morpheus-Gastric and Esophageal Cancer)
CTID: NCT03281369
Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2024-10-26
Comparison of Type 2 Diabetes Pharmacotherapy Regimens
CTID: NCT05073692
Phase:    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-10-24
Evaluating the Effects of Liraglutide, Empagliflozin and Linagliptin on Mild Cognitive Impairment Remission in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: a Multi-center, Randomized, Parallel Controlled Clinical Trial With an Extension Phase
CTID: NCT05313529
Phase: N/A    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-10-17
Safety and Efficacy of the Combination of Empagliflozin and Linagliptin Compared to Linagliptin Alone Over 24 Weeks in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
CTID: NCT01734785
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-09-19
A Study Of Multiple Immunotherapy-Based Treatment Combinations In Participants With Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (Morpheus- Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer)
CTID: NCT03337698
Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2024-09-19
View More

Diabetes Study of Linagliptin and Empagliflozin in Children and Adolescents (DINAMO)TM
CTID: NCT03429543
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-02-23


Efficacy and Safety of Madalena Association in the Treatment of Type II Diabetes Mellitus
CTID: NCT04670666
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-02-16
The Bioequivalence Study of Linagliptin 5 mg Film-coated Tablet in Healthy Thai Volunteers
CTID: NCT06243809
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-02-07
Efficacy and Safety of Empagliflozin in NODAT
CTID: NCT03642184
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Terminated
Date: 2023-11-28
Effect of Empagliflozin vs Linagliptin on Glycemic Outcomes,Renal Outcomes & Body Composition in Renal Transplant Recipients With Diabetes Mellitus
CTID: NCT06095492
Phase: N/A    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-11-18
Empagliflozin Versus Linagliptin in Renal Ransplant Recipients With Diabetes Mellitus
CTID: NCT06098625
Phase: N/A    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2023-10-24
Replication of the CARMELINA Diabetes Trial in Healthcare Claims
CTID: NCT03936036
Phase:    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-07-27
Efficacy and Safety of LID104 in the Treatment of Type II Diabetes Mellitus
CTID: NCT05886088
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2023-06-02
The Effect of LINAGLIPTIN on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Insulin Resistance in Obese Type 2 Diabetes Subjects
CTID: NCT02372630
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-02-21
Linagliptin's Effect on CD34+ Stem Cells
CTID: NCT02467478
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-01-19
Efficacy and Safety of Lima Association in the Control of Type II Diabetes Mellitus.
CTID: NCT03766750
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Withdrawn
Date: 2022-07-27
Cognitive Protective Effect of Newer Antidiabetic Drugs
CTID: NCT05347459
Phase:    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2022-07-26
Real-world Study Comparing the Adherence and Effectiveness of Linagliptin vs. Acarbose
CTID: NCT04180813
Phase:    Status: Terminated
Date: 2022-06-23
Efficacy of Empagliflozin or Linagliptin as an Alternative to Metformin for Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
CTID: NCT05200793
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2022-01-21
Effects of DPP4 Inhibition on COVID-19
CTID: NCT04341935
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Withdrawn
Date: 2021-06-10
Efficacy and Safety of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors in Diabetic Patients With Established COVID-19
CTID: NCT04371978
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Terminated
Date: 2021-06-02
Effects of Linagliptin on Left Ventricular Myocardial DYsfunction in Patients With Type 2 DiAbetes Mellitus and Concentric Left Ventricular Geometry
CTID: NCT02851745
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-05-25
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor (DPP4i) for the Control of Hyperglycemia in Patients With COVID-19
CTID: NCT04542213
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-03-23
Linagliptin and Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Pilot Study
CTID: NCT02442817
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-11-09
Contrast Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes
CTID: NCT03470454
Phase:    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-09-16
Effects of Linagliptin on Endothelial Function
CTID: NCT02350478
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-05-15
The Role of Glucagon in the Effects of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Sodium-glucose Co-transporter-2 Inhibitors
CTID: NCT02792400
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-04-08
Linagliptin Add-on to Insulin Background Therapy
CTID: NCT02897349
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-03-25
Study of TQ-F3083 Capsules in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
CTID: NCT03986073
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2020-03-13
This Study Tests Whether Taking the Medicines Empagliflozin, Linagliptin, and Metformin Together in 1 Pill is the Same as Taking Them in Separate Pills. The Study is Done in Healthy Men and Women and Measures the Amount of Each Medicine in the Blood
CTID: NCT03259490
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-03-05
This Study in Healthy People Tests Whether Taking a Low Strength of Empagliflozin, Linagliptin, and Metformin Together in 1 Pill is the Same as Taking Them in Separate Pills
CTID: NCT03629054
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-02-21
CAROLINA: Cardiovascular Outcome Study of Linagliptin Versus Glimepiride in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
CTID: NCT01243424
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-01-07
Effect of Low Dose Combination of Linagliptin + Metformin to Prevent Diabetes
CTID: NCT04134650
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2019-10-25
Effect of Empagliflozin + Linagliptin + Metformin + Lifestyle in Patients With Prediabetes
CTID: NCT04131582
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2019-10-21
A Comparison of Two Treatment Strategies in Older Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
CTID: NCT02072096
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Terminated
Date: 2019-10-09
PMS of Trazenta on the Long-term Use as Add-on Therapy
CTID: NCT01904383
Phase:    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-10-02
Effect of Evogliptin on Albuminuria in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Renal Insufficiency
CTID: NCT03667300
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-09-23
Long-term Daily Use of Trazenta® Tablets in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
CTID: NCT01650259
Phase:    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-09-18
Effect of Linagliptin + Metformin vs Metformin Alone in Patients With Prediabetes
CTID: NCT03004612
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-07-09
Linagliptin in Post-renal Transplantation
CTID: NCT03970668
Phase:    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-06-04
Real World Glycemic Effectiveness of Linagliptin
CTID: NCT03338803
Phase:    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-05-06
Cardiovascular and Renal Microvascular Outcome Study With Linagliptin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (CARMELINA)
CTID: NCT01897532
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-04-04
Teneligliptin Versus Linagliptin in Diabetes Mellitus Type Two Patients
CTID: NCT03011177
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-02-22
Linagliptin Inpatient Trial
CTID: NCT02004366
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-02-20
Empagliflozin Add on to Linagliptin Study in Japanese Patient With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
CTID: NCT02453555
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-02-15
A Non Interventional Study to Monitor the Safety and Effectiveness of Trajenta (Linagliptin, 5 mg, q.d) in Korean Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
CTID: NCT01707147
Phase:    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-01-11
Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Assess Glycemia in Chronic Kidney Disease - Changing Glucose Management
CTID: NCT02608177
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2018-10-12
Rotation for Optimal Targeting of Albuminuria and Treatment Evaluation (ROTATE-2)
CTID: NCT03504566
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Withdrawn
Date: 2018-09-14
Linagliptin as Add on Therapy to Empagliflozin 10 mg or 25 mg With Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
CTID: NCT02489968
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2018-09-06
ADA Linagliptin in Long Term Care
CTID: NCT02061969
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2018-08-22
Linagliptin in Schizophrenia Patients
CTID: NCT01943019
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Terminated
Date: 2018-08-16
Phase IV Clinical Trial to Investigate the Effect on Blood Glucose of Evogliptin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes(EVERGREEN)
CTID: NCT02974504
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2018-07-23
Linagliptin as Add on to Basal Insulin in the Elderly
CTID: NCT02240680
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2018-07-03
The Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Advanced Glycation End Products
CTID: NCT02768220
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Withdrawn
Date: 2018-02-15
Safety Evaluation of Adverse Reactions in Diabetes
CTID: NCT02092597
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2018-02-07
Effects of Linagliptin on Renal Endothelium Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
CTID: NCT01835678
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2018-01-12
BI 1356 BS in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
CTID: NCT02183324
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-12-28
The Effect of Combination of Mosapride and DPP-4 Inhibitor on Plasma Concentration of Incretin Hormones
CTID: NCT02180334
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-11-29
Bioequivalence of a Fixed Dose Combination Tablet of Empagliflozin/Linagliptin Compared With the Free Combination of Empagliflozin Tablet and Linagliptin Tablet in Healthy Male and Female Subjects
CTID: NCT02758171
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-11-22
A Study of Adding Linagliptin to Control Glycemic Variability and HbA1c in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients With Type 2 Diabetes(PDPD) With Premixed Insulin Therapy
CTID: NCT03320031
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2017-10-24
Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
CTID: NCT01888796
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Terminated
Date: 2017-04-12
Effect of Linagliptin on Vascular Inflammation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
CTID: NCT02077309
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Terminated
Date: 2017-04-12
MARLINA - T2D : Efficacy, Safety & Modification of Albuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes Subjects With Renal Disease With LINAgliptin
CTID: NCT01792518
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-03-06
Effects of Linagliptin on Active GLP-1 Concentrations in Subjects With Renal Impairment
CTID: NCT01903070
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-03-03
Ascertainment of EMR-based Clinical Covariates Among Patients Receiving Oral and Non-insulin Injected Hypoglycemic Therapy
CTID: NCT02140645
Phase:    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-02-08
The Effect of Linagliptin on Mitochondrial and Endothelial Function
CTID: NCT01969084
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-11-18
Finding a Safe and Effective Dose of Linagliptin in Pediatric Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
CTID: NCT01342484
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-09-15
Efficacy and Safety Study of Linagliptin (5 mg Administered Orally Once Daily) Over 24 Weeks, in Drug naïve or Previously Treated Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Insufficient Glycaemic Control
CTID: NCT01214239
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-08-25
Efficacy and Safety Study of Linagliptin (5 mg Administered Orally Once Daily) Over 24 Weeks in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Insufficient Glycaemic Control Despite Metformin Therapy
CTID: NCT01215097
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-08-25
Bioequivalence Study of Linagliptin From Prevaglip 5 mg Tablets(Eva Pharma, Egypt) and Trajenta 5 mg Tablets (Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Germany)
CTID: NCT02857946
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-08-05
Bioequivalence of a FDC Tablet of Linagliptin/Metformin (2.5mg/750mg) Extended Release in Healthy Subjects
CTID: NCT02121509
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-08-04
Bioequivalence of a FDC Tablet of Linagliptin/Metformin (5mg/1000mg) Extended Release in Healthy Subjects
CTID: NCT02084082
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-08-04
Bioequivalence of a FDC Tablet of Linagliptin/Metformin (2.5mg/1000mg) Extended Release in Healthy Subjects.
CTID: NCT02084056
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-08-04
Off taRget Effects of Linagliptin monothErapy on Arterial Stiffness in Early Diabetes
CTID: NCT02015299
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-05-18
Incretin Axis in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
CTID: NCT02725502
Phase: N/A    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2016-04-01
A Phase IIIb Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Gemigliptin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Moderate or Severe Renal Impairment(GUARD Study)
CTID: NCT01968044
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-03-23
Effects of Linagliptin in Addition to Empagliflozin on Islet Cell Physiology
CTID: NCT02401880
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-02-24
A One-year Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Impact of Pioglitazone Versus Linagliptin on Bone Turnover Markers
CTID: NCT02429232
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2015-10-27
the Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Linagliptin With DW1029M
CTID: NCT02212782
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2015-06-29
Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Administration of the Fix Dose Combination of Linagliptin Plus Metformin in Drug naïve Type 2 Patients
CTID: NCT01708902
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2015-04-24
Efficacy and Safety of Empagliflozin (BI 10773) / Linagliptin (BI 1356) Fixed Dose Combination in Treatment naïve and Metformin Treated Type 2 Diabetes Patients
CTID: NCT01422876
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2015-04-02
Effects of Linagliptin on Endothelial- , Renal-, and Retinal Function in Patients With Hypertension and Albuminuria
CTID: NCT02376075
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2015-03-03
Two-way Crossover Study in Healthy Male and Female Subjects to Evaluate the Bioequivalence of Jentadueto®.
CTID: NCT01947153
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2015-02-25
Trial to Assess the Influence of 4 Weeks' Treatment With Linagliptin as Compared to Glimepiride and Placebo on Endothelial Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Using FMD (Flow-Mediated Vasodilation)
CTID: NCT01703286
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2015-01-19
Rapid Effects Linagliptin on Monocyte Polarization and Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Type 2 Diabetes
CTID: NCT01617824
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2014-12-19
Linagliptin in Comb
A PHASE Ib/II, OPEN-LABEL, MULTICENTER, RANDOMIZED UMBRELLA STUDY EVALUATING THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF MULTIPLE IMMUNOTHERAPY-BASED TREATMENT COMBINATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC NONSMALL CELL LUNG CANCER (MORPHEUS-LUNG)
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 1, Phase 2    Status: Trial now transitioned, Ongoing, GB - no longer in EU/EEA
Date: 2018-01-25
A phase 4, monocenter, randomized, double-blind, comparator-controlled, 3-armed parallel mechanistic intervention trial to assess the effect of 8-week empagliflozin (SGLT-2 inhibitor) monotherapy, followed by 8-week empagliflozin and linagliptin (DPP-4 inhibitor) combination therapy versus 8-week linagliptin monotherapy, followed by 8-week linagliptin and empagliflozin combination therapy versus 8-week gliclazide (Sulfonylurea derivate), followed by 8-week gliclazide intensification therapy on renal physiology and biomarkers in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-12-21
Rotation for Optimal Targeting of Albuminuria and Treatment Evaluation (ROTATE-2)
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-09-26
Glimepiride monotherapy vs. combination of glimepiride and linagliptin therapy in patients with HNF1A-diabetes
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-08-08
Rotation for Optimal Targeting of Albuminuria and Treatment Evaluation
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing, Completed
Date: 2016-07-14
Rotation for Optimal Targeting of Albuminuria and Treatment Evaluation
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2016-07-01
Efficacy in controlling glycaemia with Victoza® (liraglutide) as add-on to metformin vs. OADs as add-on to metformin after up to 104 weeks of treatment in subjects with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy and treated in a primary care setting.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-01-08
A randomised controlled trial of the sulfonylurea Gliclazide and the DPP4 inhibitor Linagliptin on the frequency of hypoglycaemia among patients with Type 2 Diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3b and 4.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2015-11-30
Effects of Linagliptin in Addition to Empagliflozin on Islet Cell Physiology and Metabolic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Stable Metformin Treatment
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2015-05-06
Effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin on left ventricular myocardial DYsfunction in patients with type 2 DiAbetes mellitus and concentric left ventricular geometry.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2015-01-26
Early Prevention of Diabetes Complications in people with Hyperglycaemia in Europe
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Ongoing, Prematurely Ended, Completed
Date: 2015-01-20
A 24 week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, efficacy and safety trial of once daily linagliptin, 5 milligrams orally, as add on to basal insulin in elderly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients with insufficient glycaemic control
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2014-08-05
An Individualized treatMent aPproach for oldER patIents: A randomized, controlled stUdy in type 2 diabetes Mellitus
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2014-02-05
Phase 1 of dose escalation of extracorporeal shockwave treatment only and in combination DPP-4 inhibitor and parathyroid hormone (non-randomised, open-labelled) & Phase II of combination treatments of shockwave, a DPP-4 inhibitor and parathyroid hormone (randomised-controlled, open-labelled) in the ischemic cardiomyopathy population.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: GB - no longer in EU/EEA
Date: 2014-01-20
Off taRget Effects of Linagliptin monothErapy on Arterial Stiffness in Early diabetes
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2013-10-23
A multicenter, international, randomized, parallel group, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cardiovascular safety and renal microvascular outcome study with linagliptin, 5 mg once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at high vascular risk
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2013-10-04
Linagliptin as a modulator of vascular inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2013-07-19
Effect of Linagliptin therapy on myocardial diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2013-07-15
Effects of Linagliptin on endothelial function and global arginine bioavailability ratio in coronary artery disease patients with early diabetes
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2013-05-23
Effects of Linagliptin on active GLP-1 concentrations in subjects with renal impairment
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2013-05-16
Effects of Linagliptin on Endothelial- , Renal-, and Retinal Function in Comparison to Placebo in Patients with Hypertension and Albuminuria
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2013-01-17
A phase IIIb, multicenter, multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel group study to evaluate the glycemic and renal efficacy of once daily administration of linagliptin 5 mg for 24 weeks in type 2 diabetes patients, with micro- or macroalbuminuria (30-3000mg/g creatinine) on top of current treatment (with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitor or Angiotensin Receptor Blocker) – MARLINA (Efficacy, safety & Modification of Albuminuria in type 2 diabetes subjects with Renal disease with LINAgliptin)
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2013-01-14
A phase III, randomised, double-blind, parallel group, 24 week study to evaluate efficacy and safety of once daily empagliflozin 10 mg and 25 mg compared to placebo, all administered as oral fixed dose combinations with linagliptin 5 mg, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and insufficient glycaemic control after 16 weeks treatment with linagliptin 5 mg once daily on metformin background therapy.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Prematurely Ended, Completed
Date: 2012-12-19
Effects of Linagliptin on Renal Endothelium Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2012-08-13
Effect of Linagliptin in comparison with Glimepiride as add on to Metformin on postprandial beta cell function, postprandial metabolism and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2012-04-02
A 24-week, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, parallel group trial to assess the superiority of oral linagliptin and metformin compared to linagliptin monotherapy in newly diagnosed, treatment naïve, uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2012-01-26
A randomised, double-blind, double-dummy active-comparator controlled study investigating the efficacy and safety of Linagliptin co-administered with metformin QD at evening time versus metformin BID over 14 weeks in treatment naive type 2 diabetes and insufficient glycaemic control
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2011-11-15
A phase III randomized, double-blind, parallel group study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of once daily oral administration of linagliptin 5 mg/BI 10773 25 mg and linagliptin 5 mg/BI 10773 10 mg Fixed Dose Combination tablets compared with the individual components linagliptin 5 mg, BI 10773 25 mg, and BI 10773 10 mg) for 52 weeks in treatment naïve and metformin treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with insufficient glycaemic control
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2011-07-06
A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group dose finding study of linagliptin (1 mg or 5 mg administered orally once daily) over 12 weeks in children and adolescents, from 10 to 17 years of age, with type 2 diabetes and insufficient glycaemic control despite treatment with diet and exercise alone
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2011-03-31
A multicentre, international, randomised, parallel group, double blind study to evaluate Cardiovascular safety of linagliptin versus glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at high cardiovascular risk. The CAROLINA Trial.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2010-10-14
A randomised, double-blind parallel group study to compare the efficacy and safety of initial combination therapy with linagliptin 5 mg + pioglitazone 15 mg, 30 mg, or 45 mg, vs. monotherapy with pioglitazone (15 mg, 30 mg, or 45 mg) or linagliptin 5 mg once daily for 30 weeks, followed by a blinded trial period on linagliptin 5 mg + pioglitazone 30 or 45 mg versus pioglitazone monotherapy 30 or 45 mg or linagliptin 5 mg for up to 54 weeks in type 2 diabetic patients with insufficient glycaemic control on diet and exercise
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2010-07-16
A phase III randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, efficacy and safety study of linagliptin (5 mg), administered orally once daily over 24 weeks in type 2 diabetic patients (age ≥ 70 years) with insufficient glycaemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7.0) despite metformin and/or sulphonylurea and/or insulin therapy
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2010-03-03
A phase III, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group safety and efficacy study of linagliptin (5 mg administered orally once daily) over 12 weeks followed by a 40 week double-blind extension period (placebo patients switched to glimepiride) in drug naive or previously treated type 2 diabetic patients with moderate to severe renal impairment and insufficient glycaemic control
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2010-02-24
A Phase III, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group efficacy and safety study of linagliptin 5 mg administered orally once daily over 24 weeks in type 2 diabetic patients with insufficient glycaemic control despite a therapy of metformin in combination with pioglitazone
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2009-10-22
A randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3 parallel group study investigating the efficacy and safety of linagliptin 2.5 mg twice daily versus 5 mg once daily over 12 weeks as add-on therapy to a twice daily dosing regimen of maximal metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and insufficient glycemic control
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2009-09-24
A Phase III randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group efficacy and safety study of Linagliptin (5 mg), administered orally once daily for at least 52 weeks in type 2 diabetic patients in combination with basal insulin therapy
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2009-06-29
A phase III randomised, double-blind parallel group extension study to investigate the safety and efficacy of twice daily administration of the free combination of linagliptin 2.5 mg + metformin 500 mg or of linagliptin 2.5 mg + metformin 1000 mg versus monotherapy with metformin 1000 mg over 54 weeks in type 2 diabetic patients previously completing the double-blind part of study 1218.46
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2009-06-12
A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group efficacy and safety study of BI 1356 (5 mg administered orally once daily) over 18 weeks in Type 2 diabetic patients with insufficient glycaemic control (HbA1c 7.0-10%) despite background therapy with a sulfonylurea drug
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2009-02-10
A phase III randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group study to compare the efficacy and safety of twice daily administration of the free combination of BI 1356 2.5 mg + metformin 500 mg, or of BI 1356 2.5 mg + metformin 1000 mg, with the individual components of metformin (500 mg or 1000 mg twice daily), and BI 1356 (5.0 mg, once daily) over 24 weeks in drug naïve or previously treated (4 weeks wash-out and 2 weeks placebo run-in) type 2 diabetic patients with insufficient glycaemic control
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2008-11-20
A 4-week, randomized, double blind, double dummy, placebo controlled, parallel group study comparing the influence of BI 1356 (5 mg) and sitagliptin (100 mg) administered orally once daily on various biomarkers in type 2 diabetlse if(down_display === 'none' || down_display === '') { icon_angle_

生物数据图片
  • Linagliptin

    Chemical structures (A) and in vitro potency (B) of BI 1356 and other DPP-4 inhibitors.J Pharmacol Exp Ther.2008 Apr;325(1):175-82.
  • Linagliptin

    Dissociation of BI 1356 and vildagliptin from the DPP-4 enzyme.J Pharmacol Exp Ther.2008 Apr;325(1):175-82.
  • Linagliptin

    Inhibition of DPP-4 activity ex vivo in plasma obtained from HanWistar rats after single oral administration of BI 1356 at different doses.J Pharmacol Exp Ther.2008 Apr;325(1):175-82.
  • Linagliptin

    Inhibition of plasma DPP-4 activity in HanWistar rats after single oral dosing of various inhibitors.J Pharmacol Exp Ther.2008 Apr;325(1):175-82.
  • Linagliptin

    OGTT in C57BL/6J mice after oral administration of various DPP-4 inhibitors at doses of 1 or 10 mg/kg (A–C).J Pharmacol Exp Ther.2008 Apr;325(1):175-82.
  • Linagliptin

    OGTT in Zucker fatty rats cannulated in the right carotid artery for blood sampling.J Pharmacol Exp Ther.2008 Apr;325(1):175-82.
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