| 规格 | 价格 | 库存 | 数量 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
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| 靶点 |
Hesperetin activates p38 MAPK to induce apoptosis in glioblastoma cells.
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| 体外研究 (In Vitro) |
抗增殖与凋亡诱导:
文献 [4]: Hesperetin 对 U87 和 T98G 胶质母细胞瘤细胞的增殖抑制 IC50 分别为 25 μM 和 30 μM。20–40 μM 处理 24 小时后,Annexin V/PI 染色显示 U87 细胞凋亡率从 8% 升至 35%,并激活 caspase-3。Western blot 显示 p38 MAPK 磷酸化及促凋亡蛋白 Bax 上调,抗凋亡蛋白 Bcl-2 下调 。
UGT 酶抑制: 文献 [2]: Hesperetin 对人 UDP - 葡糖醛酸转移酶(UGT)的抑制作用呈浓度依赖性,IC50 分别为 UGT1A1 12.3 μM、UGT1A4 8.7 μM、UGT1A6 15.6 μM、UGT1A9 9.2 μM、UGT2B7 18.4 μM。动力学分析显示对 UGT1A1 为竞争性抑制,对 UGT1A4 为非竞争性抑制 。 |
| 体内研究 (In Vivo) |
神经保护作用:
文献 [3]: Hesperetin(50 mg/kg,口服)显著减轻镉诱导的大鼠脑氧化应激,使丙二醛(MDA)水平降低 40%,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性升高 35%。免疫组化显示海马区 NF-κB p65 核转位减少,Nrf2 表达增加 。
毒性保护作用: 文献 [1]: Hesperetin(100 mg/kg)与比卡鲁胺(50 mg/kg)通过 SNEDDS 制剂联合给药,使大鼠 ALT/AST 水平较单用比卡鲁胺组分别降低 55% 和 60%,表明减轻肝毒性。SNEDDS 制剂使Hesperetin口服生物利用度提高 2.3 倍 。 |
| 酶活实验 |
UGT 酶抑制实验:
文献 [2]: 重组 UGT 酶(0.1 μg)与Hesperetin(0.1–100 μM)及底物(4 - 甲基伞形酮,50 μM)在 Tris-HCl 缓冲液(pH 7.4)中 37°C 孵育 30 分钟,荧光光谱法(λex=360 nm,λem=450 nm)检测葡糖醛酸化活性,非线性回归计算 IC50 。
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| 细胞实验 |
胶质母细胞瘤细胞凋亡实验:
文献 [4]: U87 细胞(5×10³/ 孔)经Hesperetin(0–50 μM)处理 24 小时后,Annexin V-FITC/PI 染色结合流式细胞术检测凋亡。Western blot 使用 p-p38 MAPK、Bax、Bcl-2、caspase-3 抗体,蛋白表达以 β-actin 标准化 。
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| 动物实验 |
- Cadmium-Exposed Rat Model:
- Reference [3]: Male Wistar rats (200–250 g) were intraperitoneally injected with cadmium chloride (2.5 mg/kg) once daily for 7 days. Concurrently, Hesperetin (50 mg/kg) was administered orally once daily for 14 days. After the treatment period, brain tissues were homogenized for biochemical analysis (measurement of SOD activity and MDA levels) and immunohistochemical staining.
- Reference [1]: A Hesperetin-loaded SNEDDS formulation was prepared using soybean oil (20%), Tween 80 (60%), and ethanol (20%), with a Hesperetin dose of 100 mg/kg. Rats were given the formulation via oral gavage. Plasma samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours post-administration, and the concentration of Hesperetin in plasma was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). |
| 药代性质 (ADME/PK) |
- Oral Bioavailability:
- Reference [1]: The SNEDDS formulation increased the oral bioavailability of Hesperetin from 15% (suspension form) to 35%. The peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of Hesperetin was reached at 1.5 hours post-administration, with a Cmax value of 2.8 μg/mL.
- Reference [2]: Hesperetin is primarily metabolized via UGT-mediated glucuronidation. The major metabolite, hesperetin-7-O-glucuronide, retains approximately 20% of the UGT inhibitory activity of the parent compound. |
| 毒性/毒理 (Toxicokinetics/TK) |
- Drug-Drug Interaction:
- Reference [2]: Hesperetin may interact with drugs metabolized by UGT enzymes (e.g., irinotecan, morphine), potentially increasing their systemic exposure. In vitro studies showed that Hesperetin (20 μM) enhanced the cytotoxicity of irinotecan against HCT116 cells by 3-fold.
- Reference [1]: No significant hepatic or renal toxicity was observed in rats treated with Hesperetin alone at doses up to 200 mg/kg, as indicated by normal levels of ALT, AST, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine. |
| 参考文献 |
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| 其他信息 |
- Formulation Optimization:
- Reference [1]: The SNEDDS formulation of Hesperetin significantly improved the solubility of Hesperetin (from 0.03 mg/mL to 12.5 mg/mL) and enhanced its stability. The optimized formulation had a mean particle size of 45 nm and a drug entrapment efficiency of 98%.
- Reference [3]: Hesperetin exerts its neuroprotective effect by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and suppressing NF-κB-mediated inflammation. This mechanism was confirmed by increased levels of nuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in brain tissues. - Reference [4]: Hesperetin shows potential for glioblastoma treatment due to its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in glioblastoma cells via p38 MAPK activation, with minimal toxicity to normal astrocytes. 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one is an ether and a member of flavonoids. 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one has been reported in Citrus reticulata, Citrus medica, and other organisms with data available. |
| 分子式 |
C51H68O10
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|---|---|
| 分子量 |
841.079620000001
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| 精确质量 |
302.079
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| CAS号 |
69097-99-0
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| 相关CAS号 |
(Rac)-Hesperetin-d3;1346605-26-2;(Rac)-Hesperetin-13C,d3;2750534-85-9
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| PubChem CID |
3593
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| 外观&性状 |
White to yellow solid powder
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| 熔点 |
227 - 232 °C
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| LogP |
2.518
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| tPSA |
96.22
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| 氢键供体(HBD)数目 |
3
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| 氢键受体(HBA)数目 |
6
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| 可旋转键数目(RBC) |
2
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| 重原子数目 |
22
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| 分子复杂度/Complexity |
413
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| 定义原子立体中心数目 |
0
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| SMILES |
COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
AIONOLUJZLIMTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C16H14O6/c1-21-13-3-2-8(4-10(13)18)14-7-12(20)16-11(19)5-9(17)6-15(16)22-14/h2-6,14,17-19H,7H2,1H3
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| 化学名 |
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one
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| 别名 |
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one; 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one; RefChem:528235; GlyTouCan:G94164LE; G94164LE; 639-186-9; 69097-99-0; (Rac)-Hesperetin;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| 存储方式 |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| 运输条件 |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| 溶解度 (体外实验) |
DMSO : ~125 mg/mL (~413.52 mM)
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| 溶解度 (体内实验) |
配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.88 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将100 μL 20.8 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD生理盐水溶液中,混匀。 *20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备(4°C,1 周):将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中,得到澄清溶液。 配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.88 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 澄清 DMSO 储备液添加到 900 μL 玉米油中并混合均匀。 请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案: 1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液)); 2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方): 10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline); 假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL; 3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例; 4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶; 5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用! 6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们; 7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。 |
| 制备储备液 | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.1889 mL | 5.9447 mL | 11.8895 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2378 mL | 1.1889 mL | 2.3779 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1189 mL | 0.5945 mL | 1.1889 mL |
1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;
2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;
3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);
4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。
计算结果:
工作液浓度: mg/mL;
DMSO母液配制方法: mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。
体内配方配制方法:取 μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。
(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
(2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。