作为辅酶A的前体，D-泛酸钠主要分别通过β-氧化途径和TCA循环促进金字塔循环和能量产生[1]。

泛酸（PTA；3x10、3x100 和 3x300 mg/kg）可以减轻丙戊酸（VPA；300、400 和 500 mg/kg，皮下注射）引起的传导神经管异常[2]。

Animal/Disease Models: Female ICR mice, body weight 29 -35 g[2]
Doses: 3x10, 3x100 and 3x300 mg/kg (10 mL/kg, dosing volume)
Route of Administration: intraperitonealon day 8.5 of gestation Injection
Experimental Results: VPA Dramatically diminished (300, 400, and 500 mg/kg, sc) the risk of extracerebral malformations, while other external malformations (e.g., open eyelids) or skeletal malformations (e.g., fused, missing, or bifurcated ribs and thoracic spine fusion and sternal fusion) were not diminished.

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Distribution of pantothenate from plasma into liver was very rapid; during 10 min after iv admin about 80% of dose was cleared from plasma.
Total blood pantothenic acid levels were higher after oral admin of 21.6 uM/kg pantethine than after calcium pantothenate in rats but no difference in amount of bound pantothenic acid. Max concentrations were observed at 2-4.5 hr after ingestion of both groups.
Total pantothenic acid excretions after 24 hr oral admin to rats were 29% and 18% after administration of pantethine and calcium pantothenate, respectively. Pantethine was more readily absorbed from GI tract than calcium pantothenate.

[1]. Shuai Chen, et al. Metabolomic analysis of the toxic effect of chronic exposure of cadmium on rat urine. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Feb;25(4):3765-3774.
[2]. M Sato, et al. Pantothenic acid decreases valproic acid-induced neural tube defects in mice (I). Teratology. 1995 Sep;52(3):143-8.

Mechanism of Action
... To test the functional effect of pantothenate on dermal fibroblasts, cells were cultured and in vitro proliferation tests were performed using a standardized scratch test procedure. For all three donors analyzed, a strong stimulatory effect of pantothenate at a concentration of 20 ug/mL on the proliferation of cultivated dermal fibroblasts was observed. To study the molecular mechanisms resulting in the proliferative effect of pantothenate, gene expression was analyzed in dermal fibroblasts cultivated with 20 ug/mL of pantothenate compared with untreated cells using the GeneChip Human Exon 1.0 ST Array. A number of significantly regulated genes were identified including genes coding for interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, Id1, HMOX-1, HspB7, CYP1B1 and MARCH-II. Regulation of these genes was subsequently verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Induction of HMOX-1 expression by pantothenol and pantothenic acid in dermal cells was confirmed on the protein level using immunoblots. Functional studies revealed the enhanced suppression of free radical formation in skin fibroblasts cultured with panthenol. In conclusion, these studies provided new insight in the molecular mechanisms linked to the stimulatory effect of pantothenate and panthenol on the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts. /Calcium pantotenate/

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Therapeutic Uses
Topical application of pantothenate is widely used in clinical practice for wound healing.

C9H16NNAO5

241.21

241.092

867-81-2

D-Pantothenic acid;79-83-4;Pantothenic acid-13C3,15N hemicalcium;356786-94-2;D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt;137-08-6

23679004

Typically exists as solid at room temperature

551.5ºC at 760 mmHg

171-178 °C(lit.)

287.3ºC

27 ° (C=5, H2O)

109.69

3

5

6

16

244

1

[C@H](O)(C(=O)NCCC(=O)O)C(C)(C)CO.[Na]

GQTHJBOWLPZUOI-FJXQXJEOSA-M

InChI=1S/C9H17NO5.Na/c1-9(2,5-11)7(14)8(15)10-4-3-6(12)13;/h7,11,14H,3-5H2,1-2H3,(H,10,15)(H,12,13);/q;+1/p-1/t7-;/m0./s1

sodium;3-[[(2R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoate

Sodium D Pantothenate; Sodium D-Pantothenate

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

注意： 请将本产品存放在密封且受保护的环境中，避免吸湿/受潮。

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~414.56 mM)
DMSO : ~5 mg/mL (~20.73 mM)

配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 0.5 mg/mL (2.07 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将100 μL 5.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入400 μL PEG300中，混匀；然后向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80，混匀；加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。
*生理盐水的制备：将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 0.5 mg/mL (2.07 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将 100 μL 5.0 mg/mL 澄清 DMSO 储备液加入 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液中，混匀。
*20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备（4°C，1 周）：将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 3 中的溶解度: ≥ 0.5 mg/mL (2.07 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将 100 μL 5.0 mg/mL 澄清 DMSO 储备液加入到 900 μL 玉米油中并混合均匀。

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配方 4 中的溶解度: 120 mg/mL (497.47 mM) in PBS (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液; 超声助溶.

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请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出，可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果，工作液请现配现用！
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。