| 规格 | 价格 | 库存 | 数量 |
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| 靶点 |
- γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors or GABAergic system [1]
- Human proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (hPAT1) (served as a substrate of hPAT1; pH-dependent transport activity was confirmed) [2] |
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| 体外研究 (In Vitro) |
- 采用猫的突触体制备物或脑切片,研究槟榔次碱(Arecaidine)对GABA介导的中枢神经系统抑制性反应的影响。结果显示,槟榔次碱(Arecaidine)可拮抗GABA诱导的抑制性突触后电位(IPSP),具体表现为降低猫中枢神经系统神经元(如大脑皮层、丘脑神经元)中GABA诱发的IPSP振幅和持续时间,表明槟榔次碱(Arecaidine)能够干扰GABA能抑制性神经传递过程。[1]
- 在转染人hPAT1基因的HEK293细胞(以空载体转染细胞为对照)中,采用放射性标记示踪剂评估槟榔次碱(Arecaidine)的转运活性。结果证实,槟榔次碱(Arecaidine)可通过hPAT1进行主动转运,且该转运具有pH依赖性——在酸性条件下(模拟肠道腔环境)的摄取量显著高于中性条件。此外,hPAT1转染细胞对槟榔次碱(Arecaidine)的摄取可被过量未标记的hPAT1底物(如GABA、L-脯氨酸)竞争性抑制,证明槟榔次碱(Arecaidine)的转运具有hPAT1特异性。[2] |
| 体内研究 (In Vivo) |
- 以成年猫为实验动物,麻醉后在其颅内特定脑区(如大脑皮层、丘脑)植入微电极,记录神经元胞外电活动。槟榔次碱(Arecaidine)溶解于人工脑脊液中,通过脑内微量注射方式给药至记录神经元附近。给药后观察到,槟榔次碱(Arecaidine)可减弱外源性GABA对神经元放电的抑制作用,表现为与单独使用GABA组相比,神经元放电频率升高;该拮抗效应持续约15-30分钟,之后神经元电活动逐渐恢复。[1]
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| 酶活实验 |
- GABA受体结合实验:以猫大脑皮层制备脑匀浆,作为GABA受体的来源。将放射性标记的[³H]-GABA(作为配体)与脑匀浆及不同浓度的槟榔次碱(Arecaidine)在结合缓冲液中混合,于4°C孵育一定时间后,通过玻璃纤维滤膜过滤分离结合态与游离态[³H]-GABA,采用液体闪烁计数器测定滤膜的放射性(代表结合态[³H]-GABA)。结果显示,槟榔次碱(Arecaidine)可与[³H]-GABA竞争结合GABA受体,浓度依赖性降低[³H]-GABA的特异性结合,证实槟榔次碱(Arecaidine)可与GABA受体发生相互作用。[1]
- hPAT1介导的转运实验:将hPAT1表达质粒(或空载体对照)转染HEK293细胞,培养48小时后收集细胞,重悬于调至不同pH(酸性、中性)的HBSS缓冲液中。向细胞悬液中加入放射性标记的槟榔次碱(Arecaidine),于37°C孵育不同时间后,加入冰浴HBSS缓冲液终止反应,离心收集细胞。裂解细胞后测定裂解液中的放射性,同时测定裂解液蛋白浓度以标准化槟榔次碱(Arecaidine)的摄取量。竞争实验中,将过量未标记的hPAT1底物(如GABA、L-脯氨酸)与放射性标记的槟榔次碱(Arecaidine)共孵育,验证hPAT1介导转运的特异性。[2] |
| 细胞实验 |
- 猫原代神经元培养实验:从新生猫大脑皮层分离神经元,在适宜的神经基础培养基中培养7-10天。采用钙敏感染料Fura-2 AM检测槟榔次碱(Arecaidine)对GABA诱导钙反应的影响:神经元加载Fura-2 AM 30分钟后,分别用GABA单独处理或GABA与槟榔次碱(Arecaidine)联合处理,通过荧光显微镜记录Fura-2 AM的荧光强度(激发波长340 nm和380 nm,发射波长510 nm)。结果发现,槟榔次碱(Arecaidine)可降低神经元中GABA诱导的钙内流,与其中GABA受体拮抗作用一致。[1]
- hPAT1表达HEK293细胞摄取实验:将转染hPAT1的HEK293细胞接种于24孔板,培养至80%融合。实验前用不同pH的HBSS缓冲液洗涤细胞两次,每孔加入含放射性标记槟榔次碱(Arecaidine)的HBSS缓冲液,于37°C孵育特定时间。吸弃培养基并以冰浴HBSS缓冲液洗涤细胞终止孵育,用NaOH裂解细胞后计数裂解液中的放射性。结果显示,hPAT1转染细胞对放射性标记槟榔次碱(Arecaidine)的摄取量显著高于空载体转染细胞,且该摄取可被未标记GABA(已知hPAT1底物)共孵育显著抑制,证实hPAT1在槟榔次碱(Arecaidine)转运中的作用。[2] |
| 动物实验 |
- Adult cats (weight not specified) were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (induction via intraperitoneal injection, maintenance via continuous intravenous infusion). The anesthetized cats were fixed in a stereotaxic frame, and a craniotomy was performed to expose the target brain regions (cerebral cortex or thalamus). Glass microelectrodes filled with 3 M NaCl were inserted into the brain tissue to record extracellular potentials of single neurons. Arecaidine was dissolved in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (composition: 126 mM NaCl, 2.5 mM KCl, 1.2 mM MgCl₂, 1.2 mM CaCl₂, 1.0 mM NaH₂PO₄, 26 mM NaHCO₃, 10 mM glucose) to prepare solutions of different concentrations. Microinjections of Arecaidine (volume: 0.5-1 μL) were delivered to the area near the recorded neuron using a microsyringe. The electrical activity of the neuron was recorded continuously for 60 minutes (15 minutes before injection and 45 minutes after injection) to monitor the effect of Arecaidine on GABA-induced inhibition. After the experiment, the cats were euthanized with an overdose of pentobarbital sodium. [1]
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| 药代性质 (ADME/PK) |
Arecoline was identified as a substrate of hPAT1, which is highly expressed on the apical membrane of intestinal epithelial cells. This finding suggests that arecoline may be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract via hPAT1-mediated transport, particularly in the acidic environment of the stomach and upper small intestine (where the proton gradient drives hPAT1 activity). However, in vivo ADME parameters of arecoline (e.g., absorption rate, bioavailability) have not been determined. [2]
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| 参考文献 |
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| 其他信息 |
Arecaidine is a naturally occurring pyridine alkaloid isolated from the fruit of Areca catechu L., a common component of areca nut chews. This study focuses on the effects of arecaidine on the GABAergic system of the central nervous system—GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter of the mammalian central nervous system. The results showed that arecaidine, as a GABA receptor antagonist, may enhance the excitatory effects of areca nut (e.g., increased alertness and euphoria) by reducing GABA-mediated central inhibition. [1] Human hPAT1 (SLC36A1) belongs to the solute carrier 36 family, which mediates the uptake of small molecule neutral amino acids, imino acids and certain neurotransmitters (e.g., GABA) via proton-coupled electrogenesis. In addition to intestinal absorption, hPAT1 is also expressed in the proximal tubules of the kidney and may be involved in the reabsorption of filtered arecaidine. Arecoline has been identified as a substrate of hPAT1, which helps to understand the molecular mechanisms of its absorption and distribution in the human body. It also suggests that there may be drug interactions if arecoline is used in combination with other hPAT1 substrates (such as certain amino acid supplements and GABA analogs). [2]
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| 分子式 |
C7H11NO2.HCL
|
|---|---|
| 分子量 |
177.62868
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| 精确质量 |
177.056
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| CAS号 |
6018-28-6
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| 相关CAS号 |
Arecaidine;499-04-7;Arecaidine hydrobromide;6013-57-6
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| PubChem CID |
12305194
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| 外观&性状 |
White to light yellow solid powder
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| 沸点 |
266.7ºC at 760 mmHg
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| 熔点 |
260ºC
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| 闪点 |
115.1ºC
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| LogP |
1.072
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| tPSA |
40.54
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| 氢键供体(HBD)数目 |
2
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| 氢键受体(HBA)数目 |
3
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| 可旋转键数目(RBC) |
1
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| 重原子数目 |
11
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| 分子复杂度/Complexity |
174
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| 定义原子立体中心数目 |
0
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| InChi Key |
PIVDNPNYIBGXPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C7H11NO2.ClH/c1-8-4-2-3-6(5-8)7(9)10;/h3H,2,4-5H2,1H3,(H,9,10);1H
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| 化学名 |
1-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-5-carboxylic acid;hydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| 存储方式 |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| 运输条件 |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| 溶解度 (体外实验) |
H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~562.97 mM)
DMSO : ~25 mg/mL (~140.74 mM) |
|---|---|
| 溶解度 (体内实验) |
配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (14.07 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入到400 μL PEG300中,混匀;然后向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80,混匀;加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。 *生理盐水的制备:将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中,得到澄清溶液。 配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (14.07 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD生理盐水溶液中,混匀。 *20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备(4°C,1 周):将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中,得到澄清溶液。 View More
配方 3 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (14.07 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液)); 2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方): 10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline); 假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL; 3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例; 4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶; 5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用! 6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们; 7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。 |
| 制备储备液 | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.6297 mL | 28.1484 mL | 56.2968 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1259 mL | 5.6297 mL | 11.2594 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5630 mL | 2.8148 mL | 5.6297 mL |
1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;
2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;
3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);
4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。
计算结果:
工作液浓度: mg/mL;
DMSO母液配制方法: mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。
体内配方配制方法:取 μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。
(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
(2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。