Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M1-M5) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) [1]
- Acetylcholine receptors on cultured sweat gland epithelial cells (subtype unspecified) [3]
- Receptors mediating proinflammatory cytokine regulation in sepsis-related cell models (subtype unspecified) [4]

无钙心肌中汗腺上皮细胞荧光值和细胞内游离钙降低，而高钙心肌中氯化心脏胆碱（ACh氯化物；10μM）钙通道、荧光值和细胞内游离钙显着升高[3]。

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用氯化乙酰胆碱（10⁻⁸ M 至 10⁻⁴ M）处理培养的汗腺上皮细胞，可诱导胞内钙浓度（[Ca²⁺]i）呈浓度依赖性升高；该反应可被毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂部分抑制，提示毒蕈碱受体参与介导 [3]
- 氯化乙酰胆碱（5 mM、10 mM）在体外可抑制p53突变肽的聚集，10 mM浓度时最大抑制率约为40%；动态光散射分析显示，处理后p53突变肽聚集体的平均粒径减小 [5]
- 无直接体外促炎或抗炎细胞因子产生相关作用报道，相关活性仅在体内脓毒症模型中观察到 [4]

在小鼠中，氯化乙酰胆碱（ACh氯化物；SC；20 mg/kg；单剂量）显着增加胆碱能刺激和发病率[4]。

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在盲肠结扎穿孔（CLP）诱导的小鼠脓毒症模型中，CLP后30分钟腹腔注射氯化乙酰胆碱（10 μg/kg），可显著降低72小时内的死亡率（死亡率从约80%降至约40%）[4]
- 与未处理的脓毒症对照组相比，脓毒症小鼠经氯化乙酰胆碱处理后，血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）等促炎细胞因子水平降低 [4]
- 在饥饿大鼠（禁食72小时）中，可观察到回肠高分泌现象，给予氯化乙酰胆碱可增强胆碱能介导的肠道分泌，表现为回肠液体和电解质排泄增加 [2]

毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体结合实验：从相关组织中制备含M1-M5受体的膜组分，将其与不同浓度的氯化乙酰胆碱在放射性标记乙酰胆碱激动剂存在下共同孵育。孵育后通过过滤去除未结合配体，检测结合组分的放射性，以确定结合亲和力和特异性 [1]
- 烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体结合实验：从神经或肌肉组织中纯化烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体，将其与氯化乙酰胆碱及荧光标记的烟碱拮抗剂混合。通过荧光偏振法监测结合反应，利用氯化乙酰胆碱对标记拮抗剂的置换作用计算结合参数 [1]

培养汗腺上皮细胞钙浓度检测实验：将汗腺上皮细胞接种于培养板，加载钙敏感荧光探针。稳定后，加入浓度为10⁻⁸ M 至 10⁻⁴ M的氯化乙酰胆碱，连续5-10分钟检测荧光强度，评估胞内钙浓度变化。同时设置毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂处理组，验证受体亚型的介导作用 [3]
- p53突变肽聚集抑制实验：将重组p53突变肽溶解于缓冲液，加入氯化乙酰胆碱使其终浓度达到5 mM和10 mM。混合物在37°C孵育24小时后，通过动态光散射法检测粒径分布，采用SDS-PAGE检测聚集体形成情况 [5]

Animal/Disease Models: Male and female inbred albino mice weighing 18-22 grams (sepsis) [4]
Doses: 20 mg/kg
Route of Administration: subcutaneous injection; single dose
Experimental Results: Dramatically diminished intraperitoneal (ip) injection of 2×109 large intestine Mortality of mice with sepsis caused by bacilli and blood levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6.

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Mouse sepsis model: Male mice were anesthetized, and sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Thirty minutes after CLP, Acetylcholine Chloride was administered via intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 10 μg/kg. Control groups received equal volumes of normal saline. Mice were monitored for mortality over 72 hours, and serum samples were collected at 24 hours post-CLP to measure proinflammatory cytokine levels [4]
- Rat starvation-induced ileal hypersecretion model: Male rats were fasted for 72 hours to induce ileal hypersecretion. The ileum was excised and mounted in Ussing chambers, then Acetylcholine Chloride was added to the mucosal or serosal side of the ileal tissue at unspecified concentrations. Transepithelial electrical resistance and short-circuit current were measured to evaluate intestinal secretion function [2]

[1]. Basic and modern concepts on cholinergic receptor: A review. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2013 Oct;3(5): 413-420.

[2]. Diarrhoea of famine and malnutrition--investigations using a rat model. 2--Ileal hypersecretion induced by starvation. Gut. 1990 Feb;31(2):162-9.

[3]. Effects of acetylcholine chloride on intracellular calcium concentration of cultured sweat gland epithelial cells. Arch Dermatol Res. 2008 Aug;300(7):335-41.

[4]. Effect of acetylcholine on mortality of mice from sepsis and proinflammatory cytokine production. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2011 Jan;150(3):340-2.

[5]. Inhibition of p53 Mutant Peptide Aggregation In Vitro by Cationic Osmolyte Acetylcholine Chloride. Protein Pept Lett. 2017;24(4):353-357.

Acetylcholine chloride is the chloride salt of acetylcholine, and a parasympatomimetic drug. It contains an acetylcholine.
Acetylcholine Chloride is the chloride salt form of acetylcholine, a synthetic, quaternary amino alcohol with cholinergic properties. Acetylcholine chloride mimics the parasympathomimetic effect of the endogenous compound acetylcholine. Administered as an ophthalmic solution, this drug stimulates the cholinoceptors in the sphincter muscle of the iris, causing the pupil to constrict. (NCI05)
A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.
See also: Acetylcholine (has active moiety); Chloride Ion (has part); Acetylcholine Chloride; Histamine; Serotonin (component of) ... View More ...

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Acetylcholine Chloride is an endogenous neurotransmitter that acts as a ligand for cholinergic receptors (muscarinic and nicotinic subtypes) to mediate signal transmission in the central and peripheral nervous systems [1]
- Its biological functions include regulating glandular secretion (e.g., sweat gland, intestinal gland), smooth muscle contraction, neurotransmission, and immune response modulation [1][3][2][4]
- As a cationic osmolyte, Acetylcholine Chloride exhibits the ability to inhibit protein aggregation, which may have potential implications for diseases associated with abnormal protein aggregation [5]
- The cholinergic system, with Acetylcholine Chloride as the key mediator, plays a crucial role in maintaining intestinal epithelial barrier function and regulating inflammatory responses [1][2][4]

C7H16NO2.CL

181.66

181.086

60-31-1

Acetylcholine iodide;2260-50-6;Acetylcholine bromide;66-23-9;Acetylcholine-d4 chloride;344298-94-8;Acetylcholine-d9 chloride;344298-95-9

6060

White to off-white solid powder

146-150 °C(lit.)

26.3

0

3

4

11

115

0

JUGOREOARAHOCO-UHFFFAOYSA-M

InChI=1S/C7H16NO2.ClH/c1-7(9)10-6-5-8(2,3)4;/h5-6H2,1-4H3;1H/q+1;/p-1

2-acetyloxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

注意： 请将本产品存放在密封且受保护的环境中（例如氮气保护），避免吸湿/受潮和光照。

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (11.45 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将100 μL 20.8 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入400 μL PEG300中，混匀；然后向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80，混匀；加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。
*生理盐水的制备：将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (11.45 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD生理盐水溶液中，混匀。
*20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备（4°C，1 周）：将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 3 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (11.45 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 澄清 DMSO 储备液加入到 900 μL 玉米油中并混合均匀。

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配方 4 中的溶解度: 23.33 mg/mL (128.43 mM) in PBS (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液; 超声助溶.

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请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出，可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果，工作液请现配现用！
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。