| 规格 | 价格 | 库存 | 数量 |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| 靶点 |
NLRP3 inflammasome [1]
Regulatory T cells (Treg) proliferation and differentiation-related targets [2][3] |
|---|---|
| 体外研究 (In Vitro) |
- 小鼠骨髓来源巨噬细胞(BMDMs)和人单核细胞来源巨噬细胞中,D-甘露糖(D-Mannose)(1-20 mM)呈剂量依赖性抑制脂多糖(LPS)+三磷酸腺苷(ATP)或尼日利亚菌素诱导的IL-1β分泌,不影响TNF-α、IL-6的产生(通过ELISA检测)。该作用通过抑制NLRP3炎症小体激活实现,减少caspase-1的切割(p10片段)和ASC寡聚化(通过Western blot和免疫沉淀检测)[1]
- 人外周血单核细胞(PBMCs)和小鼠脾细胞中,D-甘露糖(D-Mannose)(5-20 mM)促进调节性T细胞(Treg,CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺)增殖(CFSE染色检测增殖指数),上调Foxp3蛋白表达(流式细胞术),并增强Treg对效应T细胞(Teff)增殖的抑制功能(体外共培养抑制实验)[2] - 体外培养的小鼠T细胞中,D-甘露糖(D-Mannose)(10 mM)促进Treg增殖,上调Foxp3、IL-10的mRNA和蛋白表达(qPCR和流式细胞术检测)[3] - 浓度高达20 mM的D-甘露糖(D-Mannose)对巨噬细胞和T细胞的活力无明显影响(CCK-8法检测)[1][2] |
| 体内研究 (In Vivo) |
- LPS诱导的脓毒症小鼠中,腹腔注射D-甘露糖(D-Mannose)(1 g/kg)可降低血清IL-1β水平,将小鼠7天存活率从约30%提升至70%[1]
- 尿酸结晶(MSU)诱导的腹膜炎小鼠中,口服D-甘露糖(D-Mannose)(1 g/kg)可减少腹腔液中IL-1β含量和中性粒细胞浸润[1] - MOG35-55诱导的实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)小鼠中,口服D-甘露糖(D-Mannose)(200 mg/kg/天)可减轻临床症状,减少脊髓组织炎症细胞浸润,增加中枢神经系统和外周淋巴器官中Treg的比例[2] - 卵清蛋白(OVA)诱导的过敏性气道炎症小鼠中,口服D-甘露糖(D-Mannose)(200 mg/kg/天)可减轻气道高反应性和炎症损伤,增加肺组织中Treg的比例[2] - 去卵巢(OVX)诱导的骨质疏松小鼠中,口服D-甘露糖(D-Mannose)(200 mg/kg/天)连续8周,可减少骨丢失,提高腰椎和股骨的骨密度,增加脾脏和肠系膜淋巴结中Treg的比例[3] - OVX小鼠中,D-甘露糖(D-Mannose)可调节肠道菌群组成(如Akkermansia菌属丰度升高),降低肠道和骨髓中促炎因子(TNF-α、IL-6)的表达;将D-甘露糖(D-Mannose)处理小鼠的粪菌移植给OVX小鼠,可复制其抗骨质疏松效应[3] |
| 酶活实验 |
- NLRP3炎症小体激活实验:BMDMs接种后,用LPS(1 μg/mL)预处理3小时,再加入D-甘露糖(D-Mannose)(1-20 mM)孵育1小时,随后用ATP(5 mM)或尼日利亚菌素(10 μM)刺激1小时。裂解细胞后,通过Western blot检测切割型caspase-1(p10)和成熟IL-1β;收集细胞上清,通过ELISA检测IL-1β分泌量[1]
- ASC寡聚化实验:LPS预处理的BMDMs经D-甘露糖(D-Mannose)和尼日利亚菌素处理后,裂解细胞并采用抗ASC抗体进行免疫沉淀,通过Western blot分析沉淀蛋白中的ASC寡聚体[1] |
| 细胞实验 |
- 巨噬细胞实验:小鼠BMDMs和人单核细胞来源巨噬细胞在完全培养基中培养,经LPS预处理和D-甘露糖(D-Mannose)孵育后,用NLRP3炎症小体激活剂刺激。上清液用于细胞因子检测(ELISA),细胞裂解液用于Western blot分析炎症小体相关成分[1]
- Treg增殖实验:人PBMCs或小鼠脾细胞用CFSE标记后,与D-甘露糖(D-Mannose)(5-20 mM)共培养5-7天,通过流式细胞术检测CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ Treg的比例及CFSE稀释度(增殖指数)[2][3] - Treg功能实验:将D-甘露糖(D-Mannose)处理后的Treg与CFSE标记的Teff细胞、抗CD3/CD28磁珠共培养,通过流式细胞术检测Teff的增殖情况,评估Treg的抑制能力[2] - T细胞基因表达实验:体外培养的T细胞用D-甘露糖(D-Mannose)(10 mM)处理3天,提取总RNA并逆转录为cDNA,通过qPCR检测Foxp3、IL-10、TGF-β的mRNA表达水平(以GAPDH为内参基因)[3] |
| 动物实验 |
- Sepsis model: Mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (10 mg/kg) to induce sepsis. D-Mannose (1 g/kg) was intraperitoneally administered 1 hour before LPS injection. Survival rate was recorded for 7 days, and serum was collected for IL-1β detection [1]
- Peritonitis model: Mice were intraperitoneally injected with MSU crystals (1 mg/mouse) to induce peritonitis. D-Mannose (1 g/kg) was orally administered 2 hours before MSU injection. Mice were sacrificed 6 hours later to collect peritoneal fluid for cytokine detection and cell counting [1] - EAE model: C57BL/6 mice were immunized with MOG35-55 peptide emulsified in CFA, plus pertussis toxin. D-Mannose (200 mg/kg/day) was orally administered from 3 days before immunization for 21 days. Clinical scores were evaluated daily, and spinal cord tissues were collected for histological analysis [2] - Allergic airway inflammation model: Mice were sensitized with OVA/alum and challenged with OVA aerosol. D-Mannose was orally administered during the challenge phase. Lung tissues were collected for histological analysis and Treg detection [2] - Osteoporosis model: Female C57BL/6 mice were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated. One week after surgery, D-Mannose (200 mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 8 weeks. Bone density was measured by micro-CT, and lymphoid organs, intestine, and bone marrow were collected for Treg detection (flow cytometry) and cytokine analysis (qPCR/ELISA) [3] - FMT experiment: Fecal microbiota from D-Mannose-treated or control OVX mice was transplanted into antibiotic-pretreated OVX mice. After 8 weeks of FMT, bone density and gut microbiota composition were analyzed [3] |
| 毒性/毒理 (Toxicokinetics/TK) |
In all in vivo experiments, oral or intraperitoneal administration of D-mannose (dose range from 200 mg/kg/day to 1 g/kg) did not cause significant changes in mouse body weight, food intake, or serum ALT, AST, creatinine, and urea nitrogen levels, indicating that it has no obvious hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity [1][2][3]. In in vitro experiments, concentrations of D-mannose up to 20 mM did not induce cytotoxicity in macrophages or T cells [1][2].
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| 参考文献 | |
| 其他信息 |
Aldose-hexose is a hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end. It is both an aldose and a hexose. D-mannose has been found in peas (Pisum sativum), and relevant data exists. It is a major energy source for organisms. It exists naturally, in a free state, in fruits and other parts of plants. It is used medicinally to replenish fluids and nutrients. See also: polydextrose (note moved to); D-allose (note moved to); D-mannose (note moved to)... See more...
- D-mannose is a naturally occurring monosaccharide found in fruits, vegetables, and mammalian tissues [1][2][3] - Its core mechanisms include: inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation to reduce IL-1β production [1]; D-mannose promotes Treg cell proliferation by upregulating Foxp3 and IL-10, enhancing the inhibitory function of Treg cells [2][3]; and regulating gut microbiota composition, exerting anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoporosis effects [3]. D-mannose has shown potential therapeutic value in the treatment of inflammatory diseases (sepsis, peritonitis), autoimmune diseases (multiple sclerosis, allergic inflammation) and osteoporosis [1][2][3]. |
| 分子式 |
C6H12O6
|
|---|---|
| 分子量 |
180.15588
|
| 精确质量 |
180.063
|
| CAS号 |
3458-28-4
|
| PubChem CID |
24749
|
| 外观&性状 |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| 密度 |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
|
| 沸点 |
527.1±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| 熔点 |
133-140ºC
|
| 闪点 |
286.7±26.6 °C
|
| 蒸汽压 |
0.0±3.1 mmHg at 25°C
|
| 折射率 |
1.573
|
| LogP |
-3.17
|
| tPSA |
118.22
|
| 氢键供体(HBD)数目 |
5
|
| 氢键受体(HBA)数目 |
6
|
| 可旋转键数目(RBC) |
5
|
| 重原子数目 |
12
|
| 分子复杂度/Complexity |
138
|
| 定义原子立体中心数目 |
4
|
| InChi Key |
GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h1,3-6,8-12H,2H2
|
| 化学名 |
2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| 存储方式 |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month 注意: 请将本产品存放在密封且受保护的环境中(例如氮气保护),避免吸湿/受潮。 |
| 运输条件 |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| 溶解度 (体外实验) |
H2O : ≥ 50 mg/mL (~277.53 mM)
DMSO : ~50 mg/mL (~277.53 mM) |
|---|---|
| 溶解度 (体内实验) |
配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.88 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入到400 μL PEG300中,混匀;然后向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80,混匀;加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。 *生理盐水的制备:将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中,得到澄清溶液。 配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.88 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD生理盐水溶液中,混匀。 *20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备(4°C,1 周):将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中,得到澄清溶液。 View More
配方 3 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.88 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 配方 4 中的溶解度: 150 mg/mL (832.59 mM) in PBS (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液; 超声助溶. 1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液)); 2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方): 10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline); 假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL; 3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例; 4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶; 5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用! 6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们; 7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。 |
| 制备储备液 | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.5506 mL | 27.7531 mL | 55.5062 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1101 mL | 5.5506 mL | 11.1012 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5551 mL | 2.7753 mL | 5.5506 mL |
1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;
2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;
3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);
4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。
计算结果:
工作液浓度: mg/mL;
DMSO母液配制方法: mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。
体内配方配制方法:取 μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。
(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
(2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。