Dyphylline   中文名称: 二羟丙茶碱

黄嘌呤衍生物二丙茶碱也以商品名 Dilor 和 Lufyllin 销售，具有支气管扩张和血管扩张作用。它可以治疗支气管炎、心源性呼吸困难和哮喘等呼吸系统疾病。它充当磷酸二酯酶抑制剂和腺苷受体拮抗剂。

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Dyphylline exerts its bronchodilatory effects directly and, unlike the­ophylline, is excreted unchanged by the kidneys without being metabolized by the liver. Approximately 88% of a single oral dose can be recovered from the urine unchanged.
...RAPID RATE OF DISPOSITION.
IT MAY BE MORE CONSISTENTLY ABSORBED FROM GI TRACT & LESS IRRITATING THAN THEOPHYLLINE & AMINOPHYLLINE.
SINGLE DYPHYLLINE DOSE WAS GIVEN TO 5 NORMAL VOLUNTEERS. DOSES OF 19-27 MG/KG RESULTED IN PEAK SERUM CONCN OF 19.3-23.5 MUG/ML & WERE TOLERATED WELL BY 4 SUBJECTS. 1 HAD SEVERE HEADACHE AFTER 28 MG/KG DOSE ASSOC WITH 36.4 MUG/ML; WAS NOT METABOLIZED TO THEOPHYLLINE.
IN 5 NORMAL VOLUNTEERS MEAN T/2 WAS 1.8 HR; MEAN TOTAL BODY CLEARANCE RATE & MEAN RENAL CLEARANCE RATE WERE 333 & 276 ML/MIN, RESPECTIVELY. MEAN VOL OF DISTRIBUTION WAS 0.8 L/KG. IN URINE 83% OF DOSE WAS EXCRETED UNCHANGED & THEOPHYLLINE WAS NOT DETECTED.
For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for DYPHYLLINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

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Metabolism / Metabolites
Hepatic
IN BODY XANTHINES ARE ONLY PARTIALLY DEMETHYLATED & OXIDIZED. THEY ARE LARGELY EXCRETED AS METHYLURIC ACIDS OR AS METHYLXANTHINES. /XANTHINES/

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Biological Half-Life
2 hours (range 1.8 - 2.1 hours)

Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation
Because of the relatively high levels in milk and a previous report with theophylline, occasional stimulant effects in infants should be anticipated in breastfed infants. No severe adverse reactions are expected. Amounts in milk can be minimized by avoiding breastfeeding for 3 to 4 hours after a dose.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants
Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk
Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.

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Protein Binding
84%

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Interactions
METHYLXANTHINES CAN ALSO ANTAGONIZE EFFECTS OF HYPOPROTHROMBINEMIA CAUSED BY COUMARIN DERIV... /METHYLXANTHINES/
XANTHINES CAN MARKEDLY POTENTIATE CARDIAC INOTROPIC RESPONSES TO BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS & TO GLUCAGON. /XANTHINES/

[1]. Xanthine derivatives as antagonists at A1 and A2 adenosine receptors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1985 Sep;330(3):212-21.

[2]. In-vitro evaluation of sustained-release dyphylline tablets. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy. Volume 17, 1991 - Issue 2.

Dyphylline is an oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs. It has a role as a bronchodilator agent, a vasodilator agent, an EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor and a muscle relaxant. It is an oxopurine and a member of propane-1,2-diols.
Dyphylline is a theophylline derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is typically used in the management of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.
Dyphylline has been reported in Haplophyllum patavinum and Haplophyllum tuberculatum with data available.
Dyphylline is a xanthine derivative. Dyphilline exerts bronchodilator effects and to a lesser extent vasodilator and diuretic properties. Dyphilline probably acts as a competitive inhibitor of phosphodiesterase which leads to an increase in intracellular cAMP. This results in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and other smooth muscles. Dyphylline may also antagonize adenosine receptors. Dyphylline is used in the treatment of acute bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.

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Drug Indication
For relief of acute bronchial asthma and for reversible bronchospasm associated with chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

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Mechanism of Action
The bronchodilatory action of dyphylline, as with other xanthines, is thought to be mediated through competitive inhibition of phosphodiesterase with a resulting increase in cyclic AMP producing relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle as well as antagonism of adenosine receptors.
THEIR MOST IMPORTANT ACTION...IS THEIR ABILITY TO RELAX SMOOTH MUSCLES OF BRONCHI... THEOPHYLLINE IS MOST EFFECTIVE... /THEOPHYLLINE/
ACTION OF XANTHINES ON MOTOR ACTIVITY OF GI TRACT... DILUTE SOLN INCR, & HIGH CONCN DEPRESS, TONE & STRENGTH OF CONTRACTION OF ISOLATED INTESTINAL STRIPS. /XANTHINES/
...ACTION SEEMS TO RESULT FROM INCR IN CONCN OF FACTOR V (AC-GLOBULIN) IN PLASMA WHICH, IN TURN, MAY BE CAUSED BY INCR IN PLASMA CONCN OF FREE FATTY ACIDS PRODUCED...THERE ARE ALSO INCR IN CONCN OF CIRCULATING PROTHROMBIN & FIBRINOGEN. /XANTHINES/
...ACCOMPANYING DECR IN VENOUS FILLING PRESSURE, WHICH IS CAUSED @ LEAST PARTLY BY MORE COMPLETE EMPTYING OF HEART. /THEOPHYLLINE/

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Therapeutic Uses
Bronchodilator Agents; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Vasodilator Agents
THEOPHYLLINE PREPN...ARE USED TO RELAX BRONCHIAL SMOOTH MUSCLE & TO STIMULATE MYOCARDIUM. ... THEOPHYLLINE COMPD...PLAY IMPORTANT ROLE IN MGMNT OF ASTHMATIC PT. THEY ARE USEFUL AS PROPHYLACTIC DRUGS & ARE VALUABLE ADJUNCTS IN TREATMENT OF PROLONGED ATTACKS & IN MGMNT OF STATUS ASTHMATICUS. /THEOPHYLLINE COMPD/
PERIPHERAL VASODILATOR & BRONCHODILATOR ACTIONS CHARACTERISTIC OF THEOPHYLLINE DERIV. IT IS EFFECTIVE ORALLY BUT HAS NOT BEEN SHOWN TO BE SUPERIOR TO THEOPHYLLINE SODIUM GLYCINATE. IT ALSO HAS TYPICAL DIURETIC & MYOCARDIAL STIMULANT EFFECTS.
...CAN BE USED INTRAMUSCULARLY WITHOUT PRODUCING LOCAL PAIN BECAUSE IT IS NEUTRAL SOL DERIV.
For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for DYPHYLLINE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

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Drug Warnings
IT IS NOT RECOMMENDED FOR USE IN CORONARY DISEASE OR ANGINA PECTORIS UNTIL IT CAN BE SHOWN THAT INCR CORONARY BLOOD FLOW PRECEDES RATHER THAN FOLLOWS MYOCARDIAL STIMULATION.
METHYLXANTHINES CAN ALSO STIMULATE RELEASE OF CATECHOLAMINES FROM ADRENAL MEDULLA & LARGE INCR IN URINARY EXCRETION OF EPINEPHRINE OCCUR... /METHYLXANTHINES/

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Pharmacodynamics
Dyphylline, a xanthine derivative, is a bronchodilator used for relief of acute bronchial asthma and for reversible bronchospasm associated with chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Dyphylline is a xanthine derivative with pharmacologic actions similar to theophylline and other members of this class of drugs. Its primary action is that of bronchodilation, but it also exhibits peripheral vasodilatory and other smooth muscle relaxant activity to a lesser degree.

C10H14N4O4

254.24

254.101

479-18-5

3182

White to off-white solid powder

1.6±0.1 g/cm3

589.6±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg

161-162 °C(lit.)

310.4±32.9 °C

0.0±1.7 mmHg at 25°C

1.689

-1.1

102.28

2

5

3

18

364

0

KSCFJBIXMNOVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C10H14N4O4/c1-12-8-7(9(17)13(2)10(12)18)14(5-11-8)3-6(16)4-15/h5-6,15-16H,3-4H2,1-2H3

7-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-1,3-dimethylpurine-2,6-dione

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 3 mg/mL (11.80 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将100 μL 30.0 mg/mL 澄清的 DMSO 储备液加入到400 μL PEG300中，混匀；再向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80，混匀；然后加入450 μL 生理盐水定容至1 mL。
*生理盐水的制备：将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 3 mg/mL (11.80 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将 100 μL 30.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD生理盐水溶液中，混匀。
*20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备（4°C，1 周）：将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 3 中的溶解度: ≥ 3 mg/mL (11.80 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将 100 μL 30.0 mg/mL 澄清 DMSO 储备液加入到 900 μL 玉米油中并混合均匀。

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配方 4 中的溶解度: 100 mg/mL (393.33 mM) in PBS (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液; 超声助溶.

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请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出，可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果，工作液请现配现用！
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。