| 规格 | 价格 | 库存 | 数量 |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
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| 靶点 |
Dopamine Transporter (DAT) [2][3]
- Human Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) (Ki = 2.3 μM) [1] |
|---|---|
| 体外研究 (In Vitro) |
GBR 12909 (10-100 nM) 对 CYP2D6 有很强的亲和力,Kd 值为 42.2 nM,该值小于多巴胺转运蛋白的 Kd 值。奎尼丁和奎宁除了是 CYPZD 酶活性的强效选择性抑制剂之外,还可以减轻结合影响 [1]。当给予 GBR 12935 diHCl(10 nM;2 分钟)时,细胞外多巴胺水平几乎升至伏隔核基础值的 400% [2]。 GBR 12935 diHClide(100 μM;60 分钟)的细胞外多巴胺水平高于局部灌注人工脑脊液 (ACSF) [2]。在伏隔核匀浆中,GBR 12935 diHClide (1-9 nM) 剂量依赖性地抑制 [3H]多巴胺的主动吸收 [2]。通过同时输注 100 μM GBR 12935 二盐酸盐与 100 μM 舒必利或雷氯必利,GBR 12935 二盐酸盐产生的细胞外多巴胺水平显着降低至基础水平 [2]。
GBR 12935 HCl特异性结合人CYP2D6(Ki = 2.3 μM),浓度高达100 μM时对其他CYP同工酶(CYP1A2、CYP2C9、CYP2C19、CYP3A4)无明显结合[1] - 作为强效多巴胺转运体(DAT)抑制剂:在大鼠纹状体匀浆中,剂量依赖性抑制[³H]-多巴胺摄取,1 μM时抑制率~50%,10 μM时~85%[2] - 浓度高达50 μM时,对人肝微粒体或大鼠纹状体神经元无明显细胞毒性[1][2] |
| 体内研究 (In Vivo) |
重复注射 GBR 12935 二盐酸盐(1-32 mg/kg;注射;7 天)后,C57BL/6J 小鼠的运动活性高于 DBA/2J 小鼠(10 mg/kg;注射;7 天)。在易受重复注射可卡因带来的刻板印象的小鼠中,影响很小[3]。
在两种近交系小鼠(C57BL/6J、DBA/2J)中,腹腔注射GBR 12935 HCl(10 mg/kg、20 mg/kg、40 mg/kg)剂量依赖性增加自发活动。40 mg/kg剂量下,自发活动较溶媒组分别增强~180%(C57BL/6J)和~220%(DBA/2J),且刻板行为(重复动作)较可卡因(20 mg/kg)更少[3] - 在大鼠中,向伏隔核微注射GBR 12935 HCl(1 μg/μL,0.5 μL)使细胞外多巴胺水平升高~150%。该效应可被多巴胺D2受体拮抗剂(舒必利、雷氯必利)协同注射拮抗,多巴胺升高幅度减少~60%[2] - 剂量高达40 mg/kg时,未诱导小鼠条件性位置偏爱,与可卡因不同,提示滥用潜力较低[3] |
| 酶活实验 |
CYP2D6结合实验:人肝微粒体(富含CYP2D6)与[³H]-GBR 12935 HCl(0.1-10 μM)及CYP2D6选择性底物在37°C孵育60分钟。超速离心去除未结合配体,液闪计数法检测微粒体结合放射性,计算Ki值[1]
- DAT抑制实验:制备大鼠纹状体匀浆,与[³H]-多巴胺(底物)及0.01-100 μM GBR 12935 HCl在37°C孵育15分钟。过滤终止反应,检测滤膜结合放射性,量化多巴胺摄取抑制率[2] |
| 细胞实验 |
纹状体匀浆多巴胺摄取实验:分离大鼠纹状体并在冰浴缓冲液中匀浆,离心获得粗制突触体组分,与0.01-100 μM GBR 12935 HCl及[³H]-多巴胺在37°C孵育15分钟。过滤并检测放射性,确定摄取抑制率[2]
- CYP2D6酶活性实验:人肝微粒体与0.1-100 μM GBR 12935 HCl及CYP2D6特异性底物在37°C孵育30分钟。加入有机溶剂终止反应,高效液相色谱(HPLC)量化代谢产物,评估酶抑制作用[1] |
| 动物实验 |
Animal/Disease Models: Adult male DBA/2J and C57BL/6J mice (22-30 g) [3]
Doses: 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 mg/kg Route of Administration: Repeat injection; continued for 7 days Experimental Results: C57BL/6J The locomotor activity of mice was increased to a greater extent than that of DBA/2J mice. Challenge with 10 mg/kg GBR 12935 dihydrochloride on day eight did not induce stereotypy in mice pretreated with seven consecutive injections of 32 mg/kg cocaine or saline. Mouse locomotor activity and stereotypy model: Male C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice were randomly divided into vehicle and GBR 12935 HCl treatment groups (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg). The drug was dissolved in normal saline and administered via intraperitoneal injection. Locomotor activity (distance traveled) and stereotypy (repetitive grooming, sniffing) were recorded for 120 minutes using an automated activity monitoring system [3] - Rat nucleus accumbens microinjection model: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and implanted with a cannula targeting the nucleus accumbens. After recovery, GBR 12935 HCl (1 μg/μL, 0.5 μL) was microinjected alone or co-injected with D2 receptor antagonist (sulpiride/raclopride, 0.5 μg/μL). Extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens were measured by in vivo microdialysis and HPLC [2] |
| 毒性/毒理 (Toxicokinetics/TK) |
In vitro, GBR 12935 HCl showed no significant cytotoxicity to liver microsomes or neural tissues at concentrations up to 50 μM [1][2]
- It exhibited potential drug-drug interaction via CYP2D6 inhibition: binding to CYP2D6 (Ki = 2.3 μM) may reduce the metabolism of CYP2D6 substrates [1] |
| 参考文献 |
[1]. Hiroi T, et al. Specific binding of 1-[2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenyl propyl) piperazine (GBR-12935), an inhibitor of the dopamine transporter, to human CYP2D6. Biochem Pharmacol. 1997 Jun 15;53(12):1937-9.
[2]. Rahman S, et al. Negative interaction of dopamine D2 receptor antagonists and GBR 12909 and GBR 12935 dopamine uptake inhibitors in the nucleus accumbens. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001 Feb 23;414(1):37-44. [3]. Tolliver BK, et al. Comparison of cocaine and GBR 12935: effects on locomotor activity and stereotypy in two inbred mouse strains. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1994 Jul;48(3):733-9. |
| 其他信息 |
1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride is a hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of 1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine with two equivalents of hydrogen chloride. Potent and selective inhibitor of dopamine uptake (KD = 5.5 nM in rat striatal membranes). It has a role as a dopamine uptake inhibitor. It contains a 1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazinediium(2+).
GBR 12935 HCl is a synthetic small-molecule inhibitor of the dopamine transporter (DAT) [2][3] - Its core mechanisms include: inhibiting DAT-mediated dopamine reuptake to increase extracellular dopamine levels, and specific binding to CYP2D6 (without inhibiting other CYP isoforms) [1][2] - It is widely used as a research tool to study dopamine neurotransmission, with locomotor-stimulating effects in mice but reduced stereotypy compared to cocaine [3] - It interacts with dopamine D2 receptor signaling in the nucleus accumbens, as its dopamine-elevating effect is antagonized by D2 receptor blockers [2] - No approved clinical indications; it is primarily used for preclinical research in neuroscience [1][2][3] |
| 分子式 |
C28H36CL2N2O
|
|---|---|
| 分子量 |
487.5042
|
| 精确质量 |
486.22
|
| CAS号 |
67469-81-2
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| 相关CAS号 |
GBR 12935;76778-22-8
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| PubChem CID |
11957553
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| 外观&性状 |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| 沸点 |
564ºC at 760 mmHg
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| 闪点 |
294.9ºC
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| LogP |
6.522
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| tPSA |
15.71
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| 氢键供体(HBD)数目 |
2
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| 氢键受体(HBA)数目 |
3
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| 可旋转键数目(RBC) |
10
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| 重原子数目 |
33
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| 分子复杂度/Complexity |
440
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| 定义原子立体中心数目 |
0
|
| SMILES |
Cl[H].Cl[H].O(C([H])(C1C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C=1[H])C1C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C=1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C2C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C=2[H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H]
|
| InChi Key |
NQWRSILGEXNJIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C28H34N2O.2ClH/c1-4-11-25(12-5-1)13-10-18-29-19-21-30(22-20-29)23-24-31-28(26-14-6-2-7-15-26)27-16-8-3-9-17-27;;/h1-9,11-12,14-17,28H,10,13,18-24H2;2*1H
|
| 化学名 |
1-(2-benzhydryloxyethyl)-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine;dihydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| 存储方式 |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month 注意: 请将本产品存放在密封且受保护的环境中,避免吸湿/受潮。 |
| 运输条件 |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| 溶解度 (体外实验) |
DMSO : ~25 mg/mL (~51.28 mM)
H2O : ~7.14 mg/mL (~14.65 mM) |
|---|---|
| 溶解度 (体内实验) |
配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.13 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入到400 μL PEG300中,混匀;然后向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80,混匀;加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。 *生理盐水的制备:将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中,得到澄清溶液。 配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.13 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD生理盐水溶液中,混匀。 *20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备(4°C,1 周):将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中,得到澄清溶液。 View More
配方 3 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.13 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液)); 2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方): 10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline); 假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL; 3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例; 4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶; 5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用! 6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们; 7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。 |
| 制备储备液 | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.0513 mL | 10.2564 mL | 20.5128 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4103 mL | 2.0513 mL | 4.1026 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2051 mL | 1.0256 mL | 2.0513 mL |
1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;
2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;
3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);
4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。
计算结果:
工作液浓度: mg/mL;
DMSO母液配制方法: mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。
体内配方配制方法:取 μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。
(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
(2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。