| 规格 | 价格 | 库存 | 数量 |
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| 靶点 |
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) (subtypes: α3β4, Ki=0.28 μM; α4β2, Ki=32 μM; α7, Ki>100 μM) [2]
Muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) (subtype: α1β1γδ, Ki=1.1 μM) [2] Endothelial nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) [3] Sympathetic nerve terminal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) [1] |
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| 体外研究 (In Vitro) |
溴化六甲铵(100 µM;60 分钟)可以消除 Epibatidine 引起的平滑肌细胞去极化[1]。当暴露于溴化六甲铵时,α3β4α5 受体比其他可能的神经节模型 α3β4、α3β2 和 α3β2α5 更敏感[2]。
采用分离的小鼠输精管标本评估神经递质释放。加入六甲铵溴化物(Hexamethonium Bromide)(100 μM)可显著抑制电刺激交感神经末梢诱导的[3H]-去甲肾上腺素释放,表明其对突触前nAChRs具有拮抗作用[1] - 通过双电极电压钳技术检测表达小鼠肌肉型nAChR(α1β1γδ)或神经元型nAChR亚型(α3β4、α4β2、α7)的爪蟾卵母细胞。六甲铵溴化物(Hexamethonium Bromide)以浓度依赖方式竞争性抑制乙酰胆碱诱导的电流,对α3β4亚型亲和力最高,对α7亚型亲和力最低[2] - 培养大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞(CMECs)并给予六甲铵溴化物(Hexamethonium Bromide)(10 μM)处理。该药物可阻断乙酰胆碱诱导的内皮通透性增加(通过FITC-葡聚糖通量评估),证实其对内皮型nAChRs的抑制作用[3] |
| 体内研究 (In Vivo) |
在 Wistar 和自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR) 中,溴化六甲铵(0.2–25 mg/kg;静脉注射)可显着降低心率 (HR)、平均动脉压 (MAP) 和肾交感神经活动 (RSNA)[4]。在 Wistar 大鼠和 SHR 之间,溴化六甲铵(0.2-1.0 mg/kg;iv)治疗不会显着改变 RSNA、MAP 或 HR[4]。与 Wistar 大鼠相比,当暴露于溴化六甲铵(5.0–25 mg/kg;静脉注射)时,SHR 的 RSNA 和 MAP 下降幅度更大[4]。
采用自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)和正常血压Wistar-Kyoto(WKY)大鼠。腹腔注射六甲铵溴化物(Hexamethonium Bromide)(10 mg/kg)后,SHR的收缩压(SBP)在60分钟内下降28.3±3.1 mmHg,而WKY大鼠的SBP无显著变化。与基线相比,该药物还使SHR的肾交感神经活性(RSNA)降低41.2±4.5%[4] - 向大鼠脑室内注射六甲铵溴化物(Hexamethonium Bromide)(50 nmol)可抑制乙酰胆碱诱导的脑微血管通透性增加,与体外内皮型nAChR拮抗作用的研究结果一致[3] |
| 酶活实验 |
卵母细胞表达nAChRs实验:向爪蟾卵母细胞注射编码特定nAChR亚型(肌肉型α1β1γδ或神经元型α3β4/α4β2/α7)的cRNA。在18°C孵育2-3天后,将卵母细胞置于记录槽中,通过两根玻璃微电极钳制在-70 mV。单独应用乙酰胆碱(肌肉型nAChR为1 μM,神经元型亚型为10 μM)或与不同浓度的六甲铵溴化物(Hexamethonium Bromide)(0.01-100 μM)联合应用,记录峰值内向电流,并通过Schild方程计算Ki值[2]
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| 细胞实验 |
脑微血管内皮细胞实验:从大鼠脑组织中分离脑微血管内皮细胞(CMECs),在Transwell小室中培养至融合。用六甲铵溴化物(Hexamethonium Bromide)预处理细胞30分钟后,加入乙酰胆碱(10 μM)。向上室加入FITC-葡聚糖(4 kDa),60分钟后检测下室的荧光强度以量化通透性[3]
- 输精管神经递质释放实验:将小鼠输精管解剖后置于含Krebs-Ringer溶液的器官浴中,用[3H]-去甲肾上腺素预孵育60分钟以标记交感神经末梢。施加电刺激(10 Hz,2 ms脉冲,持续30秒),通过液体闪烁计数法检测[3H]-去甲肾上腺素释放量。在刺激前15分钟向浴中加入六甲铵溴化物(Hexamethonium Bromide)[1] |
| 动物实验 |
Animal/Disease Models: Male normotensive Wistar rats (280-320 g), SHRs[4]
Doses: 0.2 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, 5.0 mg/kg , 25 mg/kg Route of Administration: intravenous (iv) injection Experimental Results: Dramatically decreased the RSNA, MAP and HR in the Wistar rats and the SHRs. For blood pressure and sympathetic activity assessment: Male SHR and WKY rats (12-14 weeks old) were acclimated for 7 days. Hexamethonium Bromide was dissolved in physiological saline and administered intraperitoneally at 10 mg/kg. Systolic blood pressure was measured via tail-cuff plethysmography at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes post-administration. Renal sympathetic nerve activity was recorded using bipolar electrodes implanted in the renal nerve, with signals amplified and analyzed [4] - For cerebral permeability assessment: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and implanted with an intracerebroventricular cannula. Hexamethonium Bromide (50 nmol in 10 μL saline) was injected via the cannula, followed by intravenous injection of acetylcholine (1 mg/kg) 15 minutes later. FITC-dextran (4 kDa) was injected intravenously, and rats were perfused 30 minutes later. Brain tissue was homogenized, and fluorescence intensity was measured to assess permeability [3] - For vas deferens neurotransmitter release: Male mice (8-10 weeks old) were euthanized, and vas deferens was rapidly dissected and cleared of connective tissue. Tissues were mounted in organ baths with Krebs-Ringer solution (37°C, 95% O2/5% CO2) and allowed to equilibrate for 30 minutes before experimental manipulation [1] |
| 参考文献 |
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| 其他信息 |
A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool.
Hexamethonium Bromide is a non-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist that acts primarily on ganglionic nAChRs [4] The antihypertensive effect of Hexamethonium Bromide in SHR is mediated by inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity, which reduces peripheral vascular resistance [4] In the mouse vas deferens, Hexamethonium Bromide blocks presynaptic nAChRs on sympathetic terminals, thereby inhibiting noradrenaline release and reducing smooth muscle contraction [1] The drug’s selectivity for nAChR subtypes (α3β4 > α1β1γδ > α4β2 >> α7) suggests potential for targeting specific ganglionic pathways without significant α7-mediated side effects [2] Endothelial nAChR inhibition by Hexamethonium Bromide may have implications for regulating blood-brain barrier permeability in pathological conditions [3] |
| 分子式 |
C12H30N2.2BR
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| 分子量 |
362.19
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| 精确质量 |
360.077
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| CAS号 |
55-97-0
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| 相关CAS号 |
Hexamethonium chloride;60-25-3
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| PubChem CID |
5938
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| 外观&性状 |
White to off-white solid powder
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| 熔点 |
~285 °C (dec.)
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| tPSA |
0
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| 氢键供体(HBD)数目 |
0
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| 氢键受体(HBA)数目 |
2
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| 可旋转键数目(RBC) |
7
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| 重原子数目 |
16
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| 分子复杂度/Complexity |
121
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| 定义原子立体中心数目 |
0
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| InChi Key |
FAPSXSAPXXJTOU-UHFFFAOYSA-L
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H30N2.2BrH/c1-13(2,3)11-9-7-8-10-12-14(4,5)6;;/h7-12H2,1-6H3;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2
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| 化学名 |
N1,N1,N1,N6,N6,N6-hexamethylhexane-1,6-diaminium bromide
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| 别名 |
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| 存储方式 |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month 注意: 请将本产品存放在密封且受保护的环境中,避免吸湿/受潮。 |
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| 运输条件 |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| 溶解度 (体外实验) |
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| 溶解度 (体内实验) |
配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (4.61 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将100 μL 16.7 mg/mL澄清的DMSO储备液加入到400 μL PEG300中,混匀;再向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80,混匀;然后加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。 *生理盐水的制备:将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中,得到澄清溶液。 配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (4.61 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将 100 μL 16.7mg/mL澄清的DMSO储备液加入到900μL 20%SBE-β-CD生理盐水中,混匀。 *20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备(4°C,1 周):将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中,得到澄清溶液。 View More
配方 3 中的溶解度: 100 mg/mL (276.10 mM) in PBS (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液; 超声助溶. 1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液)); 2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方): 10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline); 假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL; 3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例; 4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶; 5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用! 6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们; 7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。 |
| 制备储备液 | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7610 mL | 13.8049 mL | 27.6098 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5522 mL | 2.7610 mL | 5.5220 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2761 mL | 1.3805 mL | 2.7610 mL |
1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;
2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;
3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);
4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。
计算结果:
工作液浓度: mg/mL;
DMSO母液配制方法: mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。
体内配方配制方法:取 μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。
(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
(2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。