规格 | 价格 | 库存 | 数量 |
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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO |
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500mg |
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1g |
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5g |
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10g |
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25g |
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50g |
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Other Sizes |
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靶点 |
PI3Kδ (IC50 = 2.4 μM); PI3Kγ (IC50 = 3 μM); PI3Kβ (IC50 = 5.4 μM); Autophagy; Mitophagy
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体外研究 (In Vitro) |
槲皮素是一种黄酮醇和植物来源的类黄酮,是一种植物化学物质或植物化学物质,存在于水果、蔬菜、叶子和谷物中。补充剂、饮料和食品都可能含有它作为成分。人们正在研究它的广泛潜在健康益处,包括多项研究表明的抗炎和抗氧化特性。槲皮素 (Sophoretin) 抑制 PI3K,IC50 范围为 2.4 至 5.4 M。它严重抑制 PI3K 和 Src 激酶,仅轻微影响 Akt1/2、PKC、p38 和 ERK1/2,对 PI3K 和 Src 激酶几乎没有任何影响。 [1]槲皮素可阻断 TNF 诱导的 LDH% 释放、EC 依赖性中性粒细胞对牛肺动脉内皮细胞 (BPAEC) 的粘附以及 BPAEC DNA 合成和增殖。 [2]
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体内研究 (In Vivo) |
槲皮素 (75 mg/kg) 和 2-甲氧基雌二醇的组合可增强对人前列腺癌 LNCaP 和 PC-3 细胞异种移植肿瘤生长的抑制。 [3]
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酶活实验 |
槲皮素是一种植物性化学物质或植物化学物质,被称为黄酮醇和植物源性黄酮类化合物,存在于水果、蔬菜、叶子和谷物中。它也可以用作补充剂、饮料或食品的成分。在多项研究中,它可能具有抗炎和抗氧化特性,并且正在研究它是否具有广泛的潜在健康益处。 Quercetin (Sophoretin) 是一种 PI3K 抑制剂,IC50 为 2.4 – 5.4 μM。它强烈消除 PI3K 和 Src 激酶,轻度抑制 Akt1/2,并轻微影响 PKC、p38 和 ERK1/2。槲皮素抑制 TNF 诱导的 LDH% 释放、EC 依赖性中性粒细胞与牛肺动脉内皮细胞 (BPAEC) 的粘附以及 BPAEC DNA 合成和增殖。
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细胞实验 |
细胞用不同浓度的药物处理24小时。
肿瘤组织与含有蛋白酶抑制剂混合物的RIPA-Lysis缓冲液混合。将裂解物离心并收集上清液。使用BCA蛋白检测试剂盒定量后,通过6%-12%SDS-PAGE分离80μg蛋白,并将其转移到聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)膜上,然后用5%脱脂乳封闭,并与一抗一起孵育:Bcl-2、Bax(1:1000)、Caspase-3(1:100)、AKT和pAKT(1:1000,VEGF(1:500)在4°C下过夜,GAPDH(1:10000,σ)在室温下孵育1小时,然后用辣根过氧化物酶偶联的二抗(1:2000)在室温上孵育另外1小时。通过增强化学发光试剂盒检测抗原-抗体复合物条带。GAPDH用作负荷对照。[3] |
动物实验 |
On the right back of mice, 2×108 LNCaP cells and 5 105 PC-3 cells suspended in 100 liters of matrigel and PBS are inoculated subcutaneously. Mice are randomly assigned to four groups (n=8 in each group) and treated intraperitoneally when xenograft tumors have grown to a volume of about 100 mm3.
Before the formal in vivo experiment, we evaluated the toxicity of two combined drugs and vehicle that would be administrated simultaneously using two groups of male BALB/c nude mice (n = 5 each). Solvent for quercetin was 25% hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD, w/v in ddH2O) and for 2-Methoxyestradiol was 25% HPβCD containing 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC, w/v in ddH2O). Drug group were given the two drugs, namely dissolved quercetin and 2-ME, and vehicle control group were given two drug-free vehicles, namely 25% HPβCD containing or not containing 0.5% CMC. After operation, toxic reaction was observed in the mice of both groups represented as poor mental state, lightly twisting the body, convulsion and occasional moderate haematuria that were in consistent with the description of Ehteda A and may be attributed to high concentration of HPβCD. For this reason, in the subsequent experiment, combination of quercetin and 2-ME was carried out in this way: quercetin was given on day 1, followed by 2-ME given on day 2.[3] Mice were inoculated subcutaneously with 5×105 PC-3 cells suspended in 100μL PBS and 2×108 LNCaP cells suspended in 100μL of matrigel and PBS mixture (1:1) on the right back. When xenograft tumors reached a volume of approximately 100mm3, mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 8 each group) and treated intraperitoneally. Therapeutic schedule based on our in vitro results, preliminary experiments and many other researchers' studies was as follows: (1) Vehicle control group: vehicle of quercetin on day 1, vehicle of 2-ME on day 2, (2) Quercetin treated group: quercetin 75mg/kg on day 1, vehicle of 2-ME on day 2, (3) 2-ME treated group: vehicle of quercetin on day 1, 2-ME 150mg/kg on day 2, (4) Combination treatment group: quercetin 75mg/kg on day 1, 2-ME 150mg/kg on day 2. Two days was a treatment cycle and the whole treatment process lasted for 4 weeks. Tumor sizes were monitored every 2 days using caliper and tumor volume were calculated according to the formula: L×S2×0.5, in which L represents the longest diameter and S represents the shortest diameter of tumor. Mice were weighed as well. At the end of treatment procedure, on day 29, mice were anesthetized with chloral hydrate and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Xenograft tumors were taken out quickly and weighed. One part of it was put into liquid nitrogen immediately for future biomarker analysis and the other part was fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for immunohistochemical analysis. Serum biochemical parameters such as ALT, AST, creatinine and urea nitrogen that reflected drug toxicity were also detected.[3] |
药代性质 (ADME/PK) |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
After oral administration of a single dose of 4 g quercetin to four male and two female volunteers, neither quercetin nor its conjugates was detected in the blood or urine during the first 24 hr; 53% of the dose was recovered in the feces within 72 hr. After a single intravenous injection of 100 mg quercetin to six volunteers, the blood plasma levels declined biphasically, with half-lives of 8.8 min and 2.4 hr; protein binding exceeded 98%. In the urine, 0.65% of the intravenous dose was excreted as unchanged quercetin and 7.4% as a conjugate within 9 hr; no further excretion occurred up to 24 hr ... When 14C-quercetin was administered orally to ACI rats, about 20% of the administered dose was absorbed from the digestive tract, more than 30% was decomposed to yield 14-CO2 & about 30% was excreted unchanged in feces.. One male and one female volunteer were given a diet containing quercetin glucosides (64.2 mg expressed as the aglycone). The mean peak plasma concentration of quercetin was 196 ng/mL which was reached 2.9 hr after ingestion. The time-course of the plasma concentration of quercetin was biphasic, with half-lives of 3.8 hr for the distribution phase and 16.8 hr for the elimination phase. Quercetin was still present in plasma 48 hr after ingestion ... /Quercetin glucosides/ Autoradiographic analysis of a fasted rat 3 hr after administration of a single oral dose of 2.3 mg/kg (4-(14)C)quercetin showed that although most of the radiolabel remained in the digestive tract it also occurred in blood, liver, kidney, lung and ribs. After oral administration of 630 mg/kg of the labelled compound to rats, 34% of the radiolabel excreted within 24 hr ... was expired carbon dioxide, 12% in bile and 9% in urine; within 48 hr, 45% was recovered in the feces. Approximately 60% of the radiolabel in the feces was identified as unmetabolized quercetin ... For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for QUERCETIN (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page. Metabolism / Metabolites The glycosides are hydrolyzed in the body to corresponding aglycones, which are then further metabolized by scission of the heterocyclic ring to give 3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl-substituted acids ... The site of ring scission depends on structure ... with flavonols (quercetin) scission occurs at the 1,2 & 3,4 bonds to yield homoprotocatechuic acid ... These acids are further metabolized by beta-oxidation of acyl side-chain, o-methylation & demethylation, & aromatic dehydroxylation. o-Beta-hydroxyethylated derivatives of quercetin were isolated from urine samples & separated by HPLC. The 5,7,3',4'-tetra compd was separated from 3,7,3',4'-tetra derivative. The 7,3',4'-tri & 7'-mono compounds gave 1 common peak, separated from the peak for the 7,4'-di compd. After oral admin to ACI rats, the absorbed (14)C-quercetin was rapidly excreted into the bile & urine within 48 hr as the glucuronide & sulfate conjugates of (14)C-quercetin, 3'-o-monomethyl quercetin & 4'-o-monomethyl quercetin. Efficient metabolism and elimination of quercetin may be one reason for the lack of carcinogenicity in rats. The metabolites of quercetin flavonols identified in urine samples collected from two male volunteers who consumed their habitual diets for three days were 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, meta-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid ... For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for QUERCETIN (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page. Quercetin has known human metabolites that include Mikwelianin and Dihydroquercetin. Quercetin is a known human metabolite of Quercitrin and tamarixetin. Biological Half-Life One male and one female volunteer were given a diet containing quercetin glucosides (64.2 mg expressed as the aglycone) ... Half-lives /were/ 3.8 hr for the distribution phase and 16.8 hr for the elimination phase ... /Quercetin glucosides/ ...The elimination half-life of quercetin is approx 25 hr. |
毒性/毒理 (Toxicokinetics/TK) |
Toxicity Summary
Quercetin is a specific quinone reductase 2 (QR2) inhibitor, an enzyme (along with the human QR1 homolog) which catalyzes metabolism of toxic quinolines. Inhibition of QR2 in plasmodium may potentially cause lethal oxidative stress. The inhibition of antioxidant activity in plasmodium may contribute to killing the malaria causing parasites. Hepatotoxicity Quercetin supplements have not been linked serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy, although there have been few focused studies of its hepatic safety. Furthermore, there have been no published reports of clinically apparent liver injury attributable to quercetin. Indeed, many in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that quercetin protects against hepatic injury caused by drugs and toxins including acetaminophen and cancer chemotherapeutic agents. These hepatoprotective effects have not been demonstrated in prospective clinical trials in humans. Likelihood score: E (unlikely cause of clinically apparent liver injury). Other Names: Often a component in Bioflavonoid Extracts Drug Class: Herbal and Dietary Supplements Interactions In human myelogenous leukemia cells, quercetin was reported to arrest growth of the cell by an incr in the uptake of vincristine, a chemotherapeutic agent. Quercetin binds, in vitro, to the DNA gyrase site in bacteria. Therefore, theoretically, it can serve as a competitive inhibitor to the quinolone antibiotics which also bind to this site ... Because of the theoretical risk of genotoxicity in normal tissues in those using cisplatin along with quercetin, those using cisplatin should avoid quercetin supplements ... Bromelain and papain are reported to incr absorption of quercetin. Quercetin has a pro-oxidant effect and will incr the iron-dependent DNA damage induced by bleomycin. Quercetin may reduce iron to the ferrous state, which allows bleomycin to complex more readily with oxygen and produce more efficient DNA damage. A biphasic pro-oxidant effect with bleomycin has been demonstrated. At low concn incr DNA damage was noted, and at higher doses less DNA damage was noted. Concomitant use may reduce cyclosporine /or floroquinolones/ effectiveness. For more Interactions (Complete) data for QUERCETIN (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page. Non-Human Toxicity Values LD50 Rat oral 161 mg/kg LD50 Mouse iv 18 mg/kg LD50 Mouse oral 160 mg/kg LD50 Mouse sc 100 mg/kg |
参考文献 |
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其他信息 |
Therapeutic Uses
Quercetin has been used in medicine to decrease capillary fragility. /EXPL THER/ ... In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial ... /among patients with category III chronic prostatitis syndromes (nonbacterial chronic prostatitis and prostatodynia)/ ... Significant improvement was achieved in the treated group, as measured by the NIH chronic prostatitis score. Some 67% of the treated subjects had at least 25% improvement in symptoms, compared with 20% of the placebo group achieving this same level of improvement. In a follow up, unblind, open-label study ... quercetin was combined with bromelain and papain, which may enhance its absorption. In this study, 82% achieved a minimum 25% improvement score. /EXPL THER/ Lymphocyte protein kinase phosphorylation was inhibited by quercetin in 9 of 11 cancer patients in a phase I clinical trial. Fifty-one patients with microscopically confirmed cancer not amenable to standard therapies and with a life expectancy of at least 12 wk participated in this trial ... The patients were treated at 3-wk intervals at the beginning of the study. Quercetin was admin iv as quercetin dihydrate ... The max allowed dose was reached when 2 of 3 patients on each dose schedule reached grade 3 or 4 general toxicity, or grad 2 renal toxicity, cardiac toxicity, or neurotoxicity. Phosphorylation was inhibited at 1 hr and persisted for 16 hr. In one patient with ovarian cancer refractory to cisplatin, cancer antigen-125 (CA 125) fell from 295 to 55 units/mL after treatment with 2 courses of quercetin ... A hepatoma patient had serum alpha-fetoprotein fall. /EXPL THER/ ... Quercetin was reported to inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) overproduction and attenuate pathophysiological conditions during acute and chronic inflammation ... In asthma, the activation of mast cells and basophils by allergen releases chemical mediators and synthesizeds cytokines leading to inflammatory conditions ... Quercetin was reported to inhibit cytokine expression and synthesis by human basophils ... A metabolite of quercetin, 3-O-methylquercetin (3-MQ), was reported to provide beneficial effects on asthma by inhibiting cAMP- and cGMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE). ... Drug Warnings Although quercetin seems to have potential as an anticancer agent, future studies are needed, because most studies are based on in vitro experiments using high concn of quercetin unachievable by dietary ingestion, and because its beneficial effects on cancer are still inconclusive in animal and/or human studies. ... Quercetin has been shown to protect low density lipoprotein (LDL) from oxidation and prevent platelet aggregation. It was also reported to inhibit the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells ... Quercetin was reported to significantly lower the plasma lipid, lipoprotein and hepatic cholesterol levels, inhibit the production of oxLDL produced by oxidative stress, and protect an enzyme, which can hydrolyzed specific lipid peroxides in oxidized lipoproteins and in atherosclerotic lesions ... /It/ induced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in rat aorta via incr nitric oxide production ... Quercetin and its glycosides were also reported to inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, and ANG II-induced JNK activation inducing vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) hypertrophy ... However, some effects may not be feasible or negligible in physiological conditions, because concn of quercetin in most studies are too high to be achieved by dietary ingestion ... and beneficial effects of quercetin on cardiovascular diseases are still inconclusive in human studies ... |
分子式 |
C15H10O7
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分子量 |
302.2357
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精确质量 |
302.042
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元素分析 |
C, 59.61; H, 3.34; O, 37.05
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CAS号 |
117-39-5
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相关CAS号 |
Quercetin-d3;263711-79-1;Quercetin dihydrate;6151-25-3;Quercetin hydrate;849061-97-8;Quercetin;117-39-5;Quercetin-d5;263711-78-0;Quercetin-13C3
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PubChem CID |
5280343
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外观&性状 |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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密度 |
1.8±0.1 g/cm3
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沸点 |
642.4±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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熔点 |
314-317°C
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闪点 |
248.1±25.0 °C
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蒸汽压 |
0.0±2.0 mmHg at 25°C
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折射率 |
1.823
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LogP |
2.08
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tPSA |
131.36
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氢键供体(HBD)数目 |
5
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氢键受体(HBA)数目 |
7
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可旋转键数目(RBC) |
1
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重原子数目 |
22
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分子复杂度/Complexity |
488
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定义原子立体中心数目 |
0
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SMILES |
O1C(=C(C(C2=C(C([H])=C(C([H])=C12)O[H])O[H])=O)O[H])C1C([H])=C([H])C(=C(C=1[H])O[H])O[H]
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InChi Key |
REFJWTPEDVJJIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H10O7/c16-7-4-10(19)12-11(5-7)22-15(14(21)13(12)20)6-1-2-8(17)9(18)3-6/h1-5,16-19,21H
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化学名 |
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxychromen-4-one
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别名 |
NSC 9221; NCI-C60106; NSC 9219; Meletin; Quercetin; Kvercetin; Quercetine; Quercetol; Sophoretin; Meletin; Quercetine; Quertine; Quertine; Sophoretin; Xanthaurine
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HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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存储方式 |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
运输条件 |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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溶解度 (体外实验) |
DMSO: ~61 mg/mL (~201.8 mM)
Water: <1 mg/mL Ethanol: ~10 mg/mL (~33.1 mM) |
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溶解度 (体内实验) |
配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.27 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入到400 μL PEG300中,混匀;然后向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80,混匀;加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。 *生理盐水的制备:将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中,得到澄清溶液。 配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.27 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD生理盐水溶液中,混匀。 *20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备(4°C,1 周):将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中,得到澄清溶液。 View More
配方 3 中的溶解度: 2% DMSO+30% PEG 300+2% Tween 80+ddH2O: 6mg/mL 配方 4 中的溶解度: 25 mg/mL (82.72 mM) in 0.5% CMC-Na/saline water (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 悬浊液; 超声助溶。 *生理盐水的制备:将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中,得到澄清溶液。 配方 5 中的溶解度: 10 mg/mL (33.09 mM) in 45% PEG300 5% Tween-80 50% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 悬浊液; 超声助溶。 *生理盐水的制备:将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中,得到澄清溶液。 配方 6 中的溶解度: 10 mg/mL (33.09 mM) in 50% PG 50% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 悬浊液; 超声助溶。 *生理盐水的制备:将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中,得到澄清溶液。 1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液)); 2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方): 10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline); 假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL; 3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例; 4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶; 5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用! 6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们; 7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。 |
制备储备液 | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 3.3086 mL | 16.5431 mL | 33.0863 mL | |
5 mM | 0.6617 mL | 3.3086 mL | 6.6173 mL | |
10 mM | 0.3309 mL | 1.6543 mL | 3.3086 mL |
1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;
2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;
3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);
4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。
计算结果:
工作液浓度: mg/mL;
DMSO母液配制方法: mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。
体内配方配制方法:取 μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。
(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
(2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。
NCT Number | Status | Interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
NCT01720147 | Active Recruiting |
Drug: Quercetin (dietary supplement) |
Fanconi Anemia | Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati |
July 2012 | Phase 1 |
NCT04907253 | Active Recruiting |
Drug: Quercetin Drug: Placebo |
Coronary Artery Disease | Montreal Heart Institute | June 4, 2021 | Phase 2 |
NCT04313634 | Active Recruiting |
Drug: Fisetin Drug: Quercetin |
Healthy | Sundeep Khosla, M.D. | June 9, 2020 | Phase 2 |
NCT02226484 | Completed | Drug: Quercetin | GERD Reflux |
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill |
August 2014 | Phase 1 |
NCT03476330 | Recruiting | Drug: Quercetin (dietary supplement) |
Fanconi Anemia Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati |
May 8, 2018 | Phase 2 |
Quercetin combined with 2-ME enhanced inhibition of PC-3 xenograft tumor growth. Yang F, et al. PLoS One. 2015, 10(5), e0128277. td> |
Quercetin combined with 2-ME decreased pAKT protein expression in PC-3 and LNCaP xenograft tumor tissues. |
Quercetin combined with 2-ME decreased VEGF protein and mRNA in PC-3 and LNCaP xenograft tumor tissues. td> |