VEGFR1 (IC50 = 13 nM); VEGFR2 (IC50 = 4.2 nM); VEGFR3 (IC50 = 46 nM); PDGFRβ (IC50 = 22 nM); Braf (IC50 = 28 nM); VEGFR2 (BRafV600E = 19 nM); Raf-1 (IC50 = 2.5 nM)

Regorafenib 有效抑制 NIH-3T3/VEGFR2 细胞中的 VEGFR2 自磷酸化，IC50 为 3 nM。 Regorafenib 的 IC50 为 90 nM，在 PDGF-BB 刺激后阻断 HAoSMC 中的 PDGFR-β 自磷酸化。罗戈非尼抑制 vegf165 刺激的 HUVEC 增殖，IC50 为 3 nM[1]。瑞戈非尼的 IC50 为 5 μM，以浓度依赖性方式抑制 Hep3B 细胞的生长。 JNK 靶向磷酸化 c-Jun，但不是总 c-Jun，随后在 Hep3B 细胞中被调节剂阿非尼上调[3]。
Regorafenib（0-10 μM，96 小时）在 GIST 882、甲状腺 TT、MDA-MB-231、HepG2、A375 和 SW620 细胞中表现出抗增殖活性[1]。
Regorafenib（BAY 73-4506）是一种新型口服多激酶抑制剂，在生化和细胞激酶磷酸化测定中能有效抑制这些内皮细胞激酶。此外，瑞格非尼还能抑制其他血管生成激酶（VEGFR1/3、血小板衍生生长因子受体β和成纤维细胞生长因子受体1）以及突变致癌激酶KIT、RET和B-RAF。
雷戈非尼以浓度和时间依赖的方式抑制人Hep3B、PLC/PRF/5和HepG2细胞的生长。多种信号通路发生了改变，包括MAP激酶磷酸化ERK和磷酸化JNK及其靶点磷酸化c-Jun。有证据表明FACS导致细胞凋亡、胱天蛋白酶切割和Bax水平升高；以及通过增加Beclin-1和LC3（II）水平来判断自噬的诱导。长时间接触药物会导致细胞静止。与阿霉素化疗不同，药物去除后生长完全恢复。雷戈非尼是一种强效的细胞生长抑制剂。在雷戈非尼治疗中存活的细胞仍然存活，但处于静止状态，在药物去除后能够再生。药物去除后肿瘤细胞生长抑制的可逆性可能具有临床意义。[3]
Regorafenib（0–3000 nM，30 分钟）抑制 FGFR 和 pERK1/2 以及 VEGFR2、TIE2 和 PDGFR-β 的自身磷酸化。 Regorafenib 的 IC50 为 5 μM，以浓度依赖性方式抑制 Hep3B 细胞生长。然后，瑞戈非尼会提高 Hep3B 细胞（JNK 靶标）中的磷酸化 c-Jun 水平，但不会提高总 c-Jun 水平[3]。

瑞戈非尼在 10 至 100 mg/kg 剂量下可有效减缓 Colo-205 异种移植物的生长，10 mg/kg 剂量下第 14 天的 TGI 为 75%。瑞戈非尼在 MDA-MB-231 模型中，剂量低至 3 mg/kg 时非常有效，产生 81% 的显着 TGI，在剂量为 10 和 30 mg/kg 时，TGI 上升至 93%，达到肿瘤停滞[1]。
Regorafenib（10 mg/kg，口服，每天一次或两次，持续 4 天）可抑制大鼠 GS9L 胶质母细胞瘤模型中的肿瘤生长和肿瘤血管系统[1]。 Regorafenib（0-100 mg/kg，口服，qd × 9）在 Colo-205、MDA-MB-231 和 786-O 模型中表现出抗肿瘤和抗血管生成作用[1]。
动态增强磁共振成像在体内证明了瑞格非尼的抗血管生成作用。雷戈非尼以10mg/kg的剂量口服一次，显著减少了Gadomer在大鼠GS9L胶质母细胞瘤异种移植物血管系统中的外渗。在每日（qd）×4次给药研究中，药效作用在最后一次给药后持续48小时，并与肿瘤生长抑制（TGI）相关。在10和30 mg/kg的qd×5给药后，在人类结直肠异种移植物中观察到肿瘤微血管面积的显著减少。雷戈非尼在小鼠的各种临床前人类异种移植物模型中表现出强烈的剂量依赖性TGI，在乳腺MDA-MB-231和肾786-O癌模型中观察到了肿瘤缩小。乳腺模型的药效学分析显示，增殖标志物Ki-67和磷酸化细胞外调节激酶1/2的染色显著减少。这些数据表明，瑞格非尼是一种耐受性良好、口服活性的多激酶抑制剂，具有独特的靶点特征，可能对人类恶性肿瘤具有治疗益处[1]。

体外测试中使用重组 VEGFR2（鼠类 aa785–aa1367）、VEGFR3（鼠类 aa818–aa1363）、PDGFRβ（aa561–aa1106）、Raf-1（aa305–aa648）和 BRafV600E（aa409–aa765）激酶结构域。在恒定的 1 M 瑞戈非尼浓度下，进行初始体外激酶抑制分析。选择响应激酶，例如 VEGFR1 和 RET，用于计算 50% 抑制浓度 (IC50) 值。使用谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的重组融合蛋白、TIE2 的胞内结构域和肽生物素-Ahx-EPKDDAYPLYSDFG 作为底物，使用均相时间分辨荧光 (HTRF) 测定来测量 TIE2 激酶抑制。

GIST 882 和 TT 细胞在含有 L-谷氨酰胺的 RPMI 培养基中生长以进行增殖测定，而 MDA-MB-231、HepG2 和 A375 细胞在始终补充有 10% hiFBS 的 DMEM 中生长。胰蛋白酶处理的细胞以每孔 5×104 个细胞的密度接种在含有含 10% FBS 的完全培养基的 96 孔板中，并在 37°C 下生长过夜。添加载体或瑞格非尼（在完全生长培养基中连续稀释至最终浓度在 10 μM 至 5 nM 之间）和 0.2% DMSO，继续孵育 96 小时。使用 CellTitre-GloTM 测量细胞增殖。 [1]

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通过酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和蛋白质印迹分析VEGFR2磷酸化[1]
将转染有人VEGFR2的NIH-3T3细胞以30000个细胞/孔的速度接种在含有10%FBS的Dulbecco改良Eagle培养基的96孔板中；接种后6小时，将培养基换成0.1%BSA/DMEM，继续孵育24小时。细胞在37°C下用0.1%BSA/DMEM/0.1%二甲亚砜（DMSO）中的载体或不同浓度的雷戈非尼处理1小时，然后用终浓度为30 ng/mL的重组VEGF165刺激5分钟。细胞用冷磷酸盐缓冲盐水（PBS）洗涤，并在100μL裂解缓冲液（50 mM HEPES，pH 7.2，1%Triton X-100，1 mM Na3VO4，150 mM NaCl，10%甘油，1.5 mM乙二醇四乙酸和完全蛋白酶抑制剂混合物）中裂解。这是因为。

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雷戈非尼治疗[3]
每株细胞系以0.3×105个细胞/2ml含10%FBS的DMEM接种在35mm组织培养皿中。将细胞孵育24小时以允许附着，然后用含有浓度逐渐增加（1μM、2.5μM、5μM、7.5μM和10μM）的雷戈非尼的新鲜培养基替换培养基。在这些实验条件下，允许细胞生长72或96小时。 在Hep3B细胞上进行短期（15、60、180分钟）、中期（24、48、72和96小时）或长期（长达7天）的7.5μMRegorafenib时间过程实验。当细胞被长时间处理时，药物被替换为新鲜的。每个实验都包括一个对照组，其DMSO浓度（溶剂对照组）与用于添加雷戈非尼的浓度相等。每个实验进行三次，重复3次。在特定浓度和孵育时间下进行后续分析。

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恢复/可逆性[3]
为了研究停药后细胞增殖的恢复，Hep3B细胞用雷戈非尼5或7.5μM处理3-7天，然后取出培养基，用不含药物的新鲜培养基替换。在不同的后续时间点通过MTT试验评估细胞恢复率。 以0.01、0.05或0.1μM的阿霉素治疗作为阳性对照，研究凋亡过程。

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细胞凋亡的FACS分析[3]
按照供应商的规定，使用FITC膜联蛋白V试剂盒检测细胞凋亡。简而言之，收获用不同浓度的雷戈非尼处理48小时的1×106个细胞，并用PBS洗涤。将细胞重新悬浮在结合缓冲液中，然后在5μl AnnexinV-FITC和10μl 7-氨基放线菌素D（7AAD）插入DNA后，在室温下在黑暗中孵育5分钟。将完整细胞与凋亡细胞区分开来。

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging [1]
For DCE-MRI experiments, Fischer 344 rats were inoculated with 3×106 GS9L cells intramuscularly into the left thigh. Treatment was initiated when the tumor reached between 300 and 700 mm3. MRI was performed using a Siemens 1.5T Avanto MRI system equipped with a dedicated animal receiver coil. Regorafenib was administered orally, either as single administration (daily [qd]×1) or qd×4 at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. DCE-MRI examinations were performed using the contrast agent Gadomer-17 before therapy and 4, 8, 24, 48 hr and 4 days after the last regorafenib administration. For MRI, animals were anesthetized using 1.5% Isoflurane in O2/N2O. Gadomer-17 was injected intravenously at a dose of 50 μmol Gd/kg body weight into the tail vein at a rate of 0.5 mL/s using an automated injection device. For DCE-MRI data acquisition, a 2D turbo flash saturation recovery pulse sequence was used with the settings: echo time (TE): 1.63 ms, repetition time (TR): 350 ms, inversion time (TI): 180 ms, flip angle (FL): 10°, four averages, 5 mm slice thickness at 0.8 × 0.8 mm2 in plane resolution. The acquisition time for 1 image was 1.4 s, and 254 images were acquired over ∼6 min. Before contrast agent injection, six images were acquired as baseline. For data evaluation, a region of interest was defined covering the complete tumor on one acquired slice. Signal intensity in the region of interest over time was analyzed. Area under the curve of the initial 360 seconds after Gadomer-17 injection (IAUC360) of MRI signal intensity over time graphs in tumor were normalized to muscle as nonaffected reference tissue in each animal and used for data evaluation. Tumor volume was determined at various time points: at staging (predose), at qd×4 of oral dosing (day 4 post-treatment) and at days 6 and 8 after staging using MRI pulse sequence set at: 3D gradient recalled echo, TE: 9 ms, TR: 16 ms, FL: 40°, one average, 60 slices at 0.7 mm slice thickness and 0.35 × 0.35 mm2 in plane resolution. Volume was calculated by slice per slice tumor area evaluation. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired two-sided Student's t test.

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Examination of microvessel area, Ki-67 and MAPK in tumor xenograft models [1]
Animals with tumors of ∼200 mg were treated orally with regorafenib at 10 and 30 mg/kg on a qd×5 schedule. Subsequently, tumors were harvested, paraffin-embedded, and analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Tumor endothelial cells were detected using an antibody against CD-31 (#M-20, 1:750). Inhibition of cell signaling was assessed using an antibody against pERK1/2 (#9101L, 1:100), and tumor cell proliferation was analyzed using an antibody against Ki-67, as previously described.
For tumor MVA determinations, CD-31 stained slides were coded before analysis. Tissue sections were viewed using a 10× objective magnification (0.644 mm2 per field). Four fields per section were randomly analyzed, excluding peripheral surrounding connective and central necrotic tissues. CD-31-positive areas were quantified using the software Image-Pro Plus version 3.0 and SIS image analysis. The data are presented as MVA, %. Data were analyzed statistically with one-way analysis of variance on ranks using Kruskal–Wallis, and the Dunnett method was used for comparison with the vehicle group; p < 0.05 was considered significant.

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Tumor xenograft experiments [1]
Female athymic NCr nu/nu mice, kept in accordance with Federal guidelines, were subcutaneously inoculated with 5×106 Colo-205 or MDA-MB-231 cells or implanted with 1 mm3 786-O tumor fragments. When tumors reached a volume of ∼100 mm3, regorafenib or vehicle control was administered orally qd×21 in the 786-O model, and qd×9 in the Colo-205 and MDA-MB-231 models, respectively, at doses of 100, 30, 10, and 3 mg/kg. Paclitaxel was administered intravenously at 10 mg/kg in ethanol/Cremophor EL®/saline (12.5%/12.5%/75%) every 2 days × 5. Tumor size (volume) was estimated twice weekly (l×w2)/2, and the percentage of tumor growth inhibition (TGI) was obtained from terminal tumor weights (1-T/C×100). Mice were weighed every other day starting from the first day of treatment. The general health status of the mice was monitored daily.

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PEG400/125 mM aqueous methanesulfonic acid (80/20) or polypropylene glycol/PEG400/Pluronic F68 (42.5/42.5/15 + 20% Aqua); 3, 10, 30, 200 mg/kg; oral

Female athymic NCr nu/nu mice with Colo-205, MDA-MB-231 or 786-O

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Cmax = 2.5 μg/mL; Tmax = 4 hours; AUC = 70.4 μg*h/mL; Cmax, steady-state = 3.9 μg/mL; AUC, steady-state = 58.3 μg*h/mL; The mean relative bioavailability of tablets compared to an oral solution is 69% to 83%.
Approximately 71% of a radiolabeled dose was excreted in feces (47% as parent compound, 24% as metabolites) and 19% of the dose was excreted in urine (17% as glucuronides) within 12 days after administration of a radiolabeled oral solution at a dose of 120 mg.
Regorafenib undergoes enterohepatic circulation with multiple plasma concentration peaks observed across the 24-hour dosing interval.

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Metabolism / Metabolites
Regorafenib is metabolized by CYP3A4 and UGT1A9. The main circulating metabolites of regorafenib measured at steady-state in human plasma are M-2 (N-oxide) and M-5 (N-oxide and N-desmethyl), both of them having similar in vitro pharmacological activity and steady-state concentrations as regorafenib. M-2 and M-5 are highly protein bound (99.8% and 99.95%, respectively). Regorafenib is an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein, while its active metabolites M-2 (N-oxide) and M-5 (N-oxide and N-desmethyl) are substrates of P-glycoprotein.

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Biological Half-Life
Regorafenib, 160 mg oral dose = 28 hours (14 - 58 hours); M2 metabolite, 160 mg oral dose = 25 hours (14-32 hours); M5 metabolite, 160 mg oral dose = 51 hours (32-72 hours);

Hepatotoxicity
In large clinical trials of regorafenib, elevations in serum aminotransferase levels were common, occurring in 39% to 45% of patients, and were greater than 5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) in 3% to 6%. In addition, there have been several reports of clinically apparent liver injury arising during regorafenib therapy which was often severe and occasionally fatal, estimated to occur in 0.3% of treated subjects. For these reasons, routine monitoring of liver enzymes is recommended. Regorafenib induced liver injury can present in several different patterns or phenotypes. Some patients present within a few days of starting regorafenib with acute hepatic necrosis, high levels of serum aminotransferase and lactic dehydrogenase with mild jaundice, but prolongation of INR and signs of hepatic failure. The injury can be severe but is generally self-limited and recovery is rapid and complete. Other patients present with an acute viral hepatitis like pattern, hepatocelllar (or mixed) serum enzyme elevations and jaundice that can be prolonged and has been fatal in several instances. Autoimmune and immunoallergic features are uncommon. In addition, rare instances of regorafenib associated liver injury have presented with a sinusoidal obstruction-like syndrome or pseudocirrhosis, with marked hepatic nodularity and ascites that eventually improves or resolves. Finally, regorafenib, like other multi-kinase inhibitors [sunitinib, imatinib, sorafenib], has also been associated with episodes of hyperammonemic coma generally arising within a few days or weeks of starting and with rapid reversal upon stopping treatment.
Likelihood score: B (highly likely cause of clinically apparent liver injury).

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Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation
No information is available on the clinical use of regorafenib during breastfeeding. Because regorafenib is 99.5% bound to plasma proteins, the amount in milk is likely to be low. However, one of its metabolites has a half-life of up to 70 hours, and might accumulate in the infant. The manufacturer recommends that breastfeeding be discontinued during regorafenib therapy and for 2 weeks after the final dose.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants
Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk
Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.

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Protein Binding
Regorafenib is highly bound (99.5%) to human plasma proteins.

[1]. Regorafenib (BAY 73-4506): a new oral multikinase inhibitor of angiogenic, stromal and oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases with potent preclinical antitumor activity. Int J Cancer, 2011, 129(1), 245-255.

[2]. Targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: current treatment and future directions. Ther Adv Med Oncol, 2010, 2(1), 39-49.

[3]. Fluoro-Sorafenib (Regorafenib) effects on hepatoma cells: growth inhibition, quiescence, and recovery. J Cell Physiol, 2013, 228(2), 292-297.

Regorafenib is a pyridinecarboxamide obtained by condensation of 4-[4-({[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}amino)-3-fluorophenoxy]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid with methylamine. Used for for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer in patients who have previously received chemotherapy, anti-EGFR or anti-VEGF therapy. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and a hepatotoxic agent. It is an aromatic ether, a pyridinecarboxamide, a member of monochlorobenzenes, a member of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes, a member of monofluorobenzenes and a member of phenylureas.
Regorafenib is an orally-administered inhibitor of multiple kinases. It is used for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours, and hepatocellular carcinoma. FDA approved on September 27, 2012. Approved use of Regorafenib was expanded to treat Hepatocellular Carcinoma in April 2017.
Regorafenib anhydrous is a Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of regorafenib anhydrous is as a Kinase Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2C9 Inhibitor, and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Inhibitor, and UGT1A9 Inhibitor, and UGT1A1 Inhibitor.
Regorafenib is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor that is used in the therapy of refractory metastatic colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Regorafenib has been associated with frequent serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy and with rare, but sometimes severe and even fatal instances of clinically apparent liver injury.
Regorafenib Anhydrous is the anhydrous form of regorafenib, an orally bioavailable small molecule with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Regorafenib binds to and inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) 2 and 3, and Ret, Kit, PDGFR and Raf kinases, which may result in the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. VEGFRs are receptor tyrosine kinases that play important roles in tumor angiogenesis; the receptor tyrosine kinases RET, KIT, and PDGFR, and the serine/threonine-specific Raf kinase are involved in tumor cell signaling.
Regorafenib is the hydrate form of regorafenib, an orally bioavailable small molecule with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Regorafenib binds to and inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) 2 and 3, and Ret, Kit, PDGFR and Raf kinases, which may result in the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. VEGFRs are receptor tyrosine kinases that play important roles in tumor angiogenesis; the receptor tyrosine kinases RET, KIT, and PDGFR, and the serine/threonine-specific Raf kinase are involved in tumor cell signaling.
See also: Regorafenib Monohydrate (active moiety of).

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Drug Indication
Regorafenib is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) who have been previously treated with fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based chemotherapy, an anti-VEGF therapy, and, if KRAS wild type, an anti-EGFR therapy. Regorafenib is also indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) who have been previously treated with imatinib mesylate and sunitinib malate. Regorafenib is also indicated for the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) previously treated with sorafenib.
FDA Label
Stivarga is indicated as monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with: metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) who have been previously treated with, or are not considered candidates for, available therapies - these include fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy, an anti-VEGF therapy and an anti-EGFR therapy; unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) who progressed on or are intolerant to prior treatment with imatinib and sunitinib; hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have been previously treated with sorafenib.
Treatment of all conditions contained in the category of malignant neoplasms (except haematopoietic and lymphoid tissue)

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Mechanism of Action
Regorafenib is a small molecule inhibitor of multiple membrane-bound and intracellular kinases involved in normal cellular functions and in pathologic processes such as oncogenesis, tumor angiogenesis, and maintenance of the tumor microenvironment. In in vitro biochemical or cellular assays, regorafenib or its major human active metabolites M-2 and M-5 inhibited the activity of RET, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, KIT, PDGFR-alpha, PDGFR-beta, FGFR1, FGFR2, TIE2, DDR2, TrkA, Eph2A, RAF-1, BRAF, BRAFV600E , SAPK2, PTK5, and Abl at concentrations of regorafenib that have been achieved clinically. In in vivo models, regorafenib demonstrated anti-angiogenic activity in a rat tumor model, and inhibition of tumor growth as well as anti-metastatic activity in several mouse xenograft models including some for human colorectal carcinoma.

C₂₁H₁₆CL₂F₄N₄O₃

519.28

518.053

835621-07-3

Regorafenib;755037-03-7;Regorafenib monohydrate;1019206-88-2

11167602

White to off-white solid

6.968

95.84

3

8

5

33

686

0

Cl.O=C(NC1C(F)=CC(OC2C=C(C(NC)=O)N=CC=2)=CC=1)NC1C=C(C(F)(F)F)C(Cl)=CC=1

ACSWJKPZXNIVMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C21H15ClF4N4O3.ClH/c1-27-19(31)18-10-13(6-7-28-18)33-12-3-5-17(16(23)9-12)30-20(32)29-11-2-4-15(22)14(8-11)21(24,25)26;/h2-10H,1H3,(H,27,31)(H2,29,30,32);1H

4-[4-[[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoylamino]-3-fluorophenoxy]-N-methylpyridine-2-carboxamide;hydrochloride

BAY-734506 HCl; BAY 734506; BAY734506; Regorafenib HCl. Brand name: Stivarga

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

注意： 请将本产品存放在密封且受保护的环境中，避免吸湿/受潮。

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

配方 1 中的溶解度: 2 mg/mL (3.85 mM) in 50% PEG300 50% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 悬浮液；超声助溶。
*生理盐水的制备：将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 2 中的溶解度: 30% PEG400+0.5% Tween80+5% Propylene glycol : 30mg/mL

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请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出，可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果，工作液请现配现用！
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。