Zonisamideodium（10、50、100、200 µM；24 小时）通过抗凋亡作用增强 SH-SY5Y 细胞的活力 [1]。 Zonisamideodium（100 µM；24 小时）在 PD 细胞模型中具有神经保护特性。 （PD：帕金森病）[1]。 Zonisamideodium（100 µM；24 小时）可降低促凋亡标记物的水平并上调 MnSOD 的水平（MnSOD 的过度表达可减弱 MPTP 毒性并保护细胞免于凋亡）[1]。 Zonisamideodium（0.1、0.3、1μM；24小时）在体外可减少心肌肥厚和纤维化[3]。 Zonisamideodium 显着增强 Ang II 处理的 NRCM 中 Hrd1 的表达 [3]。

由 FeCl3 产生的慢性杏仁核癫痫发作范例可通过唑尼沙胺钠（40 mg/kg；腹膜内注射；每天一次，持续 14 天）来防止癫痫发作[2]。在腹主动脉缩窄 (AAC) 大鼠中，唑尼沙胺钠（14、28、56 mg/kg；腹腔注射；每日单剂量，持续 6 周）可减少心脏肥大并增强心功能 [3]。在 AAC 大鼠的心脏中，唑尼沙胺钠（14、28、56 mg/kg；腹腔注射；每天一次，持续 6 周）增加 Hrd1 表达并加速 ERAD [3]。

细胞活力测定 [1]
细胞类型： SH-SY5Y 细胞
测试浓度： 10、50、100、200 µM
孵育时间：24小时
实验结果：诱导细胞活力增加，100 µM效果最佳。 100 µM 对 SH-SY5Y 细胞（PD 细胞模型）具有神经保护作用。

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细胞凋亡分析 [1]
细胞类型： SH-SY5Y 细胞
测试浓度： 100 µM
孵育持续时间：24小时
实验结果：证明具有抗凋亡作用。

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RT-PCR[3]
细胞类型： NRCM 和心脏成纤维细胞（暴露于 Ang II 用于心肌细胞肥大和纤维化模型）
测试浓度： 0.1、0.3、1 μM
孵育时间： 24 小时
实验结果： 心房钠尿因子 (ANF) NRCM 中肌球蛋白重链 β (β-MHC) 表达减少，但肌球蛋白重链 α (α-MHC) 表达增加。心脏成纤维细胞中纤维化相关基因胶原 1A1 (Col1A1) 的心脏表达减少。

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蛋白质印迹分析[1]
细胞类型： SH-SY5Y 细胞
测试浓度： 100 µM
孵育时间： 24 小时
实验结果： 降低 cleaved caspase-9、-3 和 p-JN 的水平

Animal/Disease Models: Male Wistar rat (200-250 g; FeCl3-induced chronic amygdala seizures) [2].
Doses: 40 mg/kg
Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip) injection; one time/day for 14 days.
Experimental Results: demonstrated anti-epileptic activity. The GABA transporter GAT-1 was Dramatically downregulated in the hippocampus.

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Animal/Disease Models: Adult male SD (SD (Sprague-Dawley)) rat (100-120 g; cardiac hypertrophy model) [3].
Doses: 14, 28, 56 mg/kg (dissolved in 1% DMSO)
Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip) injection; one time/day for 6 weeks.
Experimental Results: Significant reduction in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS) and E/A ratio were increased. Dramatically increased Hrd1 expression in AAC rat hearts.

[1]. Kawajiri S, et al. Zonisamide reduces cell death in SH-SY5Y cells via an anti-apoptotic effect and by upregulating MnSOD. Neurosci Lett. 2010 Sep 6;481(2):88-91.
[2]. Ueda Y, et al. Effect of zonisamide on molecular regulation of glutamate and GABA transporter proteins during epileptogenesis in rats with hippocampal seizures. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2003 Aug 19;116(1-2):1-6.
[3]. Wu Q, et al. Zonisamide alleviates cardiac hypertrophy in rats by increasing Hrd1 expression and inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2021 Oct;42(10):1587-1597.
[4]. De Simone G, et al. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Zonisamide is an effective inhibitor of the cytosolic isozyme II and mitochondrial isozyme V: solution and X-ray crystallographic studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2005 May 2;15(9):2315-20.

C8H7N2O3S-.NA+

234.20758

68291-98-5

Zonisamide;68291-97-4

O=S(CC1=NOC2=C1C=CC=C2)(N)=O.[Na+]

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出，可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果，工作液请现配现用！
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。