| 规格 | 价格 | 库存 | 数量 |
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| 靶点 |
Voltage-gated sodium channels [1]
- L-type calcium channels [1] - Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels[1] |
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| 体外研究 (In Vitro) |
Dronedarone (SR-33589) 是一种治疗心房颤动的多通道阻滞剂。它是来自心房和窦房结组织的乙酰胆碱激活的 K+ 电流的强效抑制剂,对快速延迟整流 K+ 电流的抑制比慢速内向整流 K+ 电流更有效,并且抑制 L 型钙电流。在全细胞膜片钳下,它阻断 IKr (IC50=3 μM) 和 ICa-L (IC50=0.18 μM)。对 ICa-L 的影响取决于使用情况和频率。决奈达隆抑制表达人 ether-a-go-go 基因 (HERG) 的卵母细胞(类似于 IKr)携带的电流,IC50 为 9 μM[1]。在豚鼠心室肌细胞中,当保持电位为 -80 mV 时,决奈达隆表现出对快速 Na+ 通道电流的状态依赖性抑制,IC50 为 0.7±0.1 μM[2]。
在表达电压门控钠通道(Nav1.5)的人胚肾(HEK293)细胞和豚鼠心室肌细胞中,盐酸决奈达隆(SR33589)(1-10 μM)以使用依赖方式抑制钠电流。5 μM浓度时,钠电流峰值幅度降低45%,钠通道失活恢复时间延长2.1倍[1] - 在表达L型钙通道(Cav1.2)的HEK293细胞和分离的豚鼠心室肌细胞中,盐酸决奈达隆(SR33589)(0.5-5 μM)剂量依赖性地阻断钙电流。3 μM浓度时,钙电流幅度抑制52%,且不改变通道激活的电压依赖性[1] - 在表达HCN通道(HCN1、HCN2、HCN4)的HEK293细胞和兔窦房结细胞中,盐酸决奈达隆(SR33589)(1-20 μM)浓度依赖地抑制HCN介导的“起搏电流”(If)。10 μM浓度时,对HCN4的If幅度抑制60%,对HCN2抑制55%,对HCN1影响极小[1] - 在人血小板和大鼠富血小板血浆中,盐酸决奈达隆(SR33589)(1-50 μM)抑制ADP、胶原蛋白或凝血酶诱导的血小板聚集。20 μM浓度时,ADP诱导的聚集减少68%,胶原蛋白诱导的聚集减少72%,血小板与纤维蛋白原的黏附率降低58%[4] |
| 体内研究 (In Vivo) |
在 3 mg/kg IV 剂量下,心室颤动 (VF) 的发生率从 80% 显着降低至 30% (p < 0.05),在 10 mg/kg IV 剂量下,室颤和死亡率均被消除 [3]。决奈达隆可减少体内颈动脉血栓的形成。决奈达隆治疗的动物动脉壁中纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂-1 (PAI1)(一种纤溶途径抑制剂)的表达降低,凝血酶和胶原诱导的血小板聚集受损 (P<0.05)[4]。
在心肌缺血再灌注诱导心律失常的麻醉大鼠模型中,静脉注射盐酸决奈达隆(SR33589)(1 mg/kg、3 mg/kg、10 mg/kg)剂量依赖性地降低室性心律失常的发生率和持续时间。10 mg/kg剂量使心律失常发生率从对照组的90%降至30%,持续时间缩短75%[3] - 在氯化铁诱导的小鼠动脉血栓模型中,口服盐酸决奈达隆(SR33589)(30 mg/kg、60 mg/kg,每日1次,连续3天),与对照组相比,动脉闭塞时间延长42%(30 mg/kg)和65%(60 mg/kg)。60 mg/kg剂量使血栓重量减少38%,血栓中血小板聚集量降低[4] |
| 酶活实验 |
钠通道活性检测:将表达Nav1.5的HEK293细胞或豚鼠心室肌细胞接种到盖玻片上,采用全细胞膜片钳技术记录钠电流。将盐酸决奈达隆(SR33589)以1-10 μM浓度加入细胞外液,电压方案设定为钳制电位-80 mV,去极化至+40 mV(5 ms),复极化至-80 mV,定量钠电流峰值幅度和失活恢复动力学[1]
- 钙通道活性检测:使用表达Cav1.2的HEK293细胞或豚鼠心室肌细胞进行全细胞膜片钳记录,向细胞外液加入盐酸决奈达隆(SR33589)(0.5-5 μM)。电压方案包括钳制电位-50 mV,去极化至+60 mV(200 ms),复极化至-50 mV,通过测量钙电流幅度评估阻断效率[1] - HCN通道活性检测:对表达HCN亚型的HEK293细胞或兔窦房结细胞进行全细胞膜片钳记录,向浴液中加入盐酸决奈达隆(SR33589)(1-20 μM)。电压方案为钳制电位-40 mV,超极化至-120 mV(2 s),复极化至-40 mV,记录If幅度并与对照组归一化[1] |
| 细胞实验 |
心室肌细胞电生理实验:酶解法分离豚鼠心室肌细胞,接种到盖玻片上,向记录槽中加入0.5-10 μM的盐酸决奈达隆(SR33589),通过全细胞膜片钳记录钠、钙、钾电流,测量动作电位时程(APD90)评估电生理变化[1]
- 血小板聚集实验:将人血小板或大鼠富血小板血浆悬浮于生理缓冲液中,加入1-50 μM的盐酸决奈达隆(SR33589)孵育15分钟,加入ADP、胶原蛋白或凝血酶诱导聚集,使用血小板聚集仪测量聚集率[4] - 血小板黏附实验:制备纤维蛋白原包被的培养孔,加入经10-30 μM 盐酸决奈达隆(SR33589)处理的血小板,孵育1小时后洗去未黏附血小板,通过比色法定量黏附的血小板[4] |
| 动物实验 |
Rats Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmia rat model: Male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were anesthetized, and the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion for 60 minutes. Dronedarone HCl (SR33589) was dissolved in DMSO and normal saline (DMSO final concentration ≤5%) and administered intravenously at 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, or 10 mg/kg 10 minutes before reperfusion. Electrocardiograms were recorded continuously to assess arrhythmia incidence and duration[3] - Arterial thrombosis mouse model: Male C57BL/6 mice (20-25 g) were randomly divided into control and treatment groups. Dronedarone HCl (SR33589) was suspended in 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC-Na) and administered orally at 30 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg once daily for 3 days. On the 4th day, ferric chloride was applied to the carotid artery to induce thrombosis, and the time to arterial occlusion was recorded. Thrombi were collected to measure weight and platelet accumulation[4] |
| 药代性质 (ADME/PK) |
Absorption: Oral bioavailability of Dronedarone HCl (SR33589) in humans is approximately 4% due to extensive first-pass metabolism[2]
- Distribution: The drug has a large volume of distribution (1300 L) in humans, indicating wide tissue distribution[2] - Metabolism: Metabolized primarily in the liver by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) to inactive metabolites[2] - Excretion: Approximately 84% of the administered dose is excreted in feces, and 6% in urine, mostly as metabolites[2] - Half-life: Elimination half-life in humans is 13-19 hours after oral administration[2] |
| 毒性/毒理 (Toxicokinetics/TK) |
Plasma protein binding rate: Dronedarone HCl (SR33589) is highly bound to plasma proteins (98-99%) in humans[2]
- Liver toxicity: Less hepatotoxic than amiodarone; no significant elevation of liver function indicators (ALT, AST) at therapeutic doses[2] - Renal toxicity: No severe renal impairment reported; renal excretion of the drug is minimal[2] - Side effects: Common adverse reactions include gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) and central nervous system effects (dizziness, fatigue); no thyroid toxicity (a major side effect of amiodarone)[2] - Drug-drug interactions: Inhibitors of CYP3A4 (e.g., ketoconazole, clarithromycin) increase plasma dronedarone concentrations; co-administration with digoxin or beta-blockers may enhance bradycardia risk[2] |
| 参考文献 | |
| 其他信息 |
Dronedarone Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of dronedarone, an orally bioavailable benzofuran derivative, with anti-arrhythmic activity. Upon oral administration, and although the exact mechanism of action through which dronedarone exerts its anti-arrhythmic effect has not been fully elucidated, it inhibits multiple voltage-gated ion channels, including sodium, potassium, and calcium ion channels, and restores the normal sinus rhythm and reduces heart rate in atrial fibrillation. It also non-competitively antagonizes adrenergic receptors.
A non-iodinated derivative of amiodarone that is used for the treatment of ARRHYTHMIA. See also: Dronedarone (has active moiety). Dronedarone HCl (SR33589) is a non-iodinated analogue of amiodarone, classified as a class III antiarrhythmic drug[2][3] - Clinical indications include the treatment of paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation/flutter to maintain sinus rhythm and reduce hospitalization risk[2] - Its antiarrhythmic mechanism involves multi-channel blockade (sodium, calcium, potassium, HCN channels), slowing cardiac conduction and prolonging refractoriness[1][2] - The drug exhibits antithrombotic activity by inhibiting platelet aggregation and adhesion, complementing its antiarrhythmic effects in atrial fibrillation patients at high thromboembolic risk[4] - Compared to amiodarone, Dronedarone HCl (SR33589) has a shorter half-life, fewer organ toxicities (no thyroid/ocular toxicity), and better tolerability[2] |
| 分子式 |
C31H44N2O5S.HCL
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| 分子量 |
593.22
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| 精确质量 |
592.273
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| CAS号 |
141625-93-6
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| 相关CAS号 |
Dronedarone;141626-36-0
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| PubChem CID |
219025
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| 外观&性状 |
White to off-white solid powder
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| 沸点 |
683.9ºC at 760mmHg
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| 熔点 |
NA (low-melting)
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| 闪点 |
367.4ºC
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| 蒸汽压 |
1.47E-18mmHg at 25°C
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| LogP |
9.004
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| tPSA |
97.23
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| 氢键供体(HBD)数目 |
2
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| 氢键受体(HBA)数目 |
7
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| 可旋转键数目(RBC) |
18
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| 重原子数目 |
40
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| 分子复杂度/Complexity |
800
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| 定义原子立体中心数目 |
0
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| InChi Key |
DWKVCQXJYURSIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C31H44N2O5S.ClH/c1-5-8-12-29-30(27-23-25(32-39(4,35)36)15-18-28(27)38-29)31(34)24-13-16-26(17-14-24)37-22-11-21-33(19-9-6-2)20-10-7-3;/h13-18,23,32H,5-12,19-22H2,1-4H3;1H
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| 化学名 |
N-[2-butyl-3-[4-[3-(dibutylamino)propoxy]benzoyl]-1-benzofuran-5-yl]methanesulfonamide;hydrochlorideInChi Key: DWKVCQXJYURSIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| 别名 |
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| 存储方式 |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month 注意: 请将本产品存放在密封且受保护的环境中,避免吸湿/受潮。 |
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| 运输条件 |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| 溶解度 (体外实验) |
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| 溶解度 (体内实验) |
配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.21 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入到400 μL PEG300中,混匀;然后向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80,混匀;加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。 *生理盐水的制备:将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中,得到澄清溶液。 配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.21 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD生理盐水溶液中,混匀。 *20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备(4°C,1 周):将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中,得到澄清溶液。 View More
配方 3 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.21 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液)); 2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方): 10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline); 假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL; 3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例; 4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶; 5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用! 6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们; 7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。 |
| 制备储备液 | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.6857 mL | 8.4286 mL | 16.8572 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3371 mL | 1.6857 mL | 3.3714 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1686 mL | 0.8429 mL | 1.6857 mL |
1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;
2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;
3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);
4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。
计算结果:
工作液浓度: mg/mL;
DMSO母液配制方法: mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。
体内配方配制方法:取 μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。
(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
(2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。
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