1 和 2 mM 的戊二酸 (GA) 能够以剂量依赖性方式将 TRAP 读数降低高达 28%（β=0.77；P<0.001）。此外，已证实化学发光与TRAP之间存在显着负相关（β=0.81；P<0.001）。尽管戊二酸即使在较低浓度 (0.5 mM) 下也会严重降低 (高达 46%) GPx 的活性，但它对 Cat 或 SOD 的活性没有影响。在低至 0.05 mM 的浓度下，这种代谢物就可以以剂量依赖的方式阻断这种活性 [1]。

Metabolism / Metabolites
RAT LIVER MITOCHONDRIA METABOLIZED GLUTARATE VERY SLOWLY COMPARED WITH GLUTARYL-COENZYME A (COA). GLUTARYL-COA DEHYDROGENASE, WHICH CATALYZES THE STOICHIOMETRIC CONVERSION OF GLUTARYL-COA TO 1 MOLE EACH OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND CROTONYL-COA OR ITS INTERMEDIATE METABOLITE, WAS PURIFIED APPROX 44- AND 100-FOLD FROM BOVINE LIVER AND KIDNEY MITOCHONDRIA, RESPECTIVELY. THE KM FOR GLUTARYL-COA WAS 3.3 MUM.

Toxicity Summary
Accumulation of glutaric acid in the body has been shown to be toxic. The accumulation of glutaric acid ranging from slightly or intermittently elevated urinary glutaric acid to gross organic aciduria occurs in glutaric aciduria. Glutaric aciduria type 1 is an autosomal-recessive disorder resulting from a deficiency of mitochondrial glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase which is involved in the metabolism of lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan.

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Interactions
LITHIUM CHLORIDE (1.15 G) OR LITHIUM CARBAMATE (1.5-4 G) INCREASED THE RENAL EXCRETION OF GLUTARATE IN MANIC DEPRESSIVE PATIENTS. THE EFFECTS OF LITHIUM ARE PROBABLY CAUSED BY DECREASED RENAL TUBULAR RESORPTION.

[1]. Yang SY, et, al. Production of glutaric acid from 5-aminovaleric acid by robust whole-cell immobilized with polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol. Enzyme Microb Technol. 2019 Sep;128:72-78.
[2]. Boy N, et, al. Proposed recommendations for diagnosing and managing individuals with glutaric aciduria type I: second revision. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2017 Jan;40(1):75-101.
[3]. Isasi E, et, al. Glutaric Acid Affects Pericyte Contractility and Migration: Possible Implications for GA-I Pathogenesis. Mol Neurobiol. 2019 Nov;56(11):7694-7707.

Glutaric acid appears as colorless crystals or white solid. (NTP, 1992)
Glutaric acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is a linear five-carbon dicarboxylic acid. It has a role as a human metabolite and a Daphnia magna metabolite. It is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid and a dicarboxylic fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a glutarate(1-) and a glutarate.
Glutaric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).
Glutaric acid has been reported in Glycine max, Drosophila melanogaster, and other organisms with data available.
Glutaric acid is a simple five-carbon linear dicarboxylic acid. The accumulation of glutaric acid ranging from slightly or intermittently elevated urinary glutaric acid to gross organic aciduria occurs in Glutaric aciduria. Glutaric aciduria type 1 is an autosomal-recessive disorder resulting from a deficiency of mitochondrial glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.7, GCDH) which is involved in the metabolism of lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan. Glutaric aciduria type I lead to nonspecific developmental delay, hypotonia, and macrocephaly with cerebral atrophy of prenatal onset. Treatment is mainly based on restriction of lysine intake, supplementation of carnitine, and an intensification of therapy during intercurrent illnesses. The major principle of dietary treatment is to reduce the production of glutaric acid and 3-hydroxyglutaric acid by restriction of natural protein in general and of lysine in particular. (A3441, A3442).
See also: Carboxylic acids, C6-18 and C5-15-di- (annotation moved to); Carboxylic acids, di-, C4-6 (annotation moved to).

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Therapeutic Uses
EXPTL USE: GLUTARIC ACID HAD IN VITRO VIRUCIDAL ACTIVITY AGAINST LARGE NUMBER OF VIRUSES SUCH AS RHINOVIRUS & HERPES.
MEDICATION (VET): GLUTARIC ACID & P-AMINOBENZOIC ACID BLOCKED NET FLUID SECRETION CAUSED BY CHOLERA TOXIN OR THE HEAT-STABLE ENTEROTOXIN OF ESCHERICHIA COLI. THE TISSUE EXAMINED WAS LIGATED JEJUNAL LOOPS IN WEANLING PIGS.
AGENT IN ANIMAL DIABETES & BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH

C5H8O4

132.1146

132.042

110-94-1

Glutaric acid-d6;154184-99-3;Glutaric acid-d4;19136-99-3;Glutaric acid-d2;43087-19-0

743

LARGE, MONOCLINIC PRISMS
COLORLESS CRYSTALS

1.3±0.1 g/cm3

302.9±15.0 °C at 760 mmHg

95-98 °C(lit.)

151.2±16.9 °C

0.0±1.4 mmHg at 25°C

1.477

-1.04

74.6

2

4

4

9

104

0

O([H])C(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(=O)O[H])=O

JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C5H8O4/c6-4(7)2-1-3-5(8)9/h1-3H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)

pentanedioic acid

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : ~125 mg/mL (~946.11 mM)
H2O : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~756.89 mM)

配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (15.74 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将100 μL 20.8 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入400 μL PEG300中，混匀；然后向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80，混匀；加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。
*生理盐水的制备：将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (15.74 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD生理盐水溶液中，混匀。
*20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备（4°C，1 周）：将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 3 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (15.74 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 澄清 DMSO 储备液加入到 900 μL 玉米油中并混合均匀。

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请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出，可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果，工作液请现配现用！
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。