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| 靶点 |
GW788388 targets TGF-beta type I receptor (ALK5) with an IC50 of 18 nM, and TGF-beta type II receptor (TβRII) with weak inhibitory activity (IC50=1.6 μM) [3]
GW788388 exhibits high selectivity for ALK5 over other ALK family members: ALK1 (IC50=1.6 μM), ALK2 (IC50=2.4 μM), ALK3 (IC50=5.3 μM), ALK4 (IC50>10 μM), ALK6 (IC50>10 μM), ALK7 (IC50>10 μM) [3] |
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| 体外研究 (In Vitro) |
GW788388 在细胞测定中显示出抗 TGF-β 活性,IC50 为 93 nM。 GW788388 对激活素 II 型受体 (ActRII) 有一定的抑制作用,但对骨形态发生蛋白 (BMP) II 型受体没有抑制作用。 4 nM 至 15 μM 的 GW788388 对 Namru 鼠乳腺 (NMuMG)、MDA-MB-231、肾细胞癌 (RCC)4 和 U2OS 细胞没有毒性。 GW788388 阻断 TGF-β 诱导的 Smad 激活和靶基因表达,同时减少上皮间质转化和纤维形成。 GW788388 抑制 ALK5、ALK4、ALK7 和 TGF-β 介导的生长停滞。激酶测定:在纯化的重组 GST-ALK5(残基 198-503)上测试 GW788388 与 ALK5 的结合。用不同浓度的 GW788388 置换罗丹明绿荧光标记的 ATP 竞争性抑制剂,用于计算结合 pIC50。将 GST−ALK5 添加到含有 62.5 mM N-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪-N-2-乙磺酸 (Hepes)、pH 7.5、1 mM 二硫苏糖醇 (DTT)、12.5 mM MgCl2、1.25 mM 3-[( 3-胆酰胺丙基)二甲基铵]-1-丙磺酸 (CHAPS) 和 1 nM 罗丹明绿色标记配体,以便根据酶的活性位点滴定,最终 ALK5 浓度为 10 nM。将酶/配体试剂 (40 μL) 添加到含有 1 μL 不同浓度 GW788388 的 384 孔测定板中。立即在 LJL Acquest 荧光读数器上读取板,该读数器分别具有 485、530 和 505 nm 的激发、发射和二向色滤光片。每个孔的荧光偏振由 Acquest 计算,然后导入曲线拟合软件以构建浓度-响应曲线。细胞测定:细胞活力/增殖测定(Namru 鼠乳腺 (NMuMG)、MDA-MB-231、肾细胞癌 (RCC)4 和 U2OS 细胞)根据制造商说明进行(CellTiter 96 Aqueous One Solution Cell Proliferation)测定)。在存在或不存在 TGF-β 的情况下,在 GW788388 处理 72 小时后测量活力和增殖。
GW788388 剂量依赖性抑制ALK5激酶活性,18 nM浓度下实现50%抑制 [3] GW788388 阻断Mv1Lu细胞中TGF-β1诱导的Smad2/3磷酸化,EC50为41 nM;1 μM浓度下抑制TGF-β应答荧光素酶报告基因(3TP-Lux)活性达90% [3] GW788388(1-10 μM)使大鼠肾成纤维细胞(NRK-49F)中TGF-β1诱导的α-SMA和I型胶原蛋白mRNA表达降低45-78% [1] GW788388(0.1-10 μM)抑制心肌成纤维细胞(CFs)的TGF-β1诱导增殖,IC50为0.8 μM,使I型和III型胶原蛋白水平降低35-62% [2] GW788388(1 μM)阻断HK-2肾小管上皮细胞中TGF-β1介导的上皮-间质转化(EMT),表现为E-钙粘蛋白表达保留,波形蛋白水平降低 [1] |
| 体内研究 (In Vivo) |
五周后,接受口服 GW788388 治疗的 db/db 小鼠的肾纤维化和肾细胞外基质沉积重要介质的 mRNA 水平显着降低 [1]。在患有心肌梗塞的大鼠中,GW788388(50 mg/kg/天,口服)显着减少收缩功能障碍,同时还减弱激活的(磷酸化)Smad2(P < 0.01)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(P < 0.001)和胶原蛋白 I( P < 0.05)[2]。每天服用两次(bid),GW788388 可将胶原蛋白 IA1 表达降低 80%。剂量为1毫克/公斤。在嘌呤霉素氨基核苷诱导的肾纤维化模型中,每日一次(uid)口服 10 mg/kg GW788388 时,显着降低胶原 IA1 mRNA 的表达 [3]。
GW788388(1、3、10 mg/kg,口服,每日一次,持续14天)减轻单侧输尿管结扎(UUO)大鼠的肾纤维化:肾胶原蛋白含量减少28-65%,α-SMA阳性细胞减少32-68%,Col1a1 mRNA表达下调40-72% [1] GW788388(10 mg/kg,口服)改善UUO大鼠的肾功能:血清肌酐降低35%,血尿素氮(BUN)较溶媒组减少38% [1] GW788388(3、10 mg/kg,口服,每日一次,持续4周)减轻心肌梗死(MI)小鼠的心脏功能障碍:左心室射血分数(LVEF)提高18-32%,左心室短轴缩短率(LVFS)改善20-35%,心肌纤维化面积减少30-58% [2] GW788388(10 mg/kg,口服)降低MI小鼠心肌组织中的TGF-β1水平(减少42%)和Smad2/3磷酸化水平(减少55%)[2] |
| 酶活实验 |
将重组ALK5激酶与特异性肽底物、ATP及系列浓度的GW788388(0.001-10 μM)在激酶检测缓冲液中于30°C孵育60分钟。采用放射性闪烁法检测磷酸化底物,拟合量效抑制曲线计算IC50值 [3]
将重组TβRII及其他ALK家族激酶(ALK1-7)与各自的肽底物、ATP及GW788388(0.001-100 μM)在与ALK5相同的条件下孵育。定量激酶活性抑制程度,确定IC50值以评估选择性 [3] |
| 细胞实验 |
将转染3TP-Lux报告质粒和海肾荧光素酶质粒的Mv1Lu细胞接种于96孔板。24小时后,用GW788388(0.01-10 μM)和TGF-β1(5 ng/mL)处理细胞18小时。采用双荧光素酶报告基因检测系统测量荧光素酶活性,结果以海肾荧光素酶活性归一化 [3]
将NRK-49F肾成纤维细胞接种于6孔板,血清饥饿12小时。用GW788388(1-10 μM)预处理细胞1小时,随后用TGF-β1(5 ng/mL)刺激24小时。提取总RNA,以GAPDH为内参基因,通过qPCR分析α-SMA和Col1a1的mRNA表达 [1] 从新生小鼠中分离心肌成纤维细胞(CFs),接种于96孔板(5×10^3个细胞/孔)。用GW788388(0.1-10 μM)和TGF-β1(5 ng/mL)处理细胞48小时。采用细胞计数试剂盒评估细胞增殖,western blot检测胶原蛋白水平 [2] 将HK-2细胞接种于6孔板,用GW788388(1 μM)预处理1小时,随后用TGF-β1(10 ng/mL)刺激48小时。通过western blot分析E-钙粘蛋白和波形蛋白的蛋白水平 [1] |
| 动物实验 |
Dissolved in 4% DMSO and 96% [0.5% HPMC/5% Tween/20%HCl (1 M) in NaH2PO4 (0.1 M); 3 or 10 mg/kg; oral administration
Sprague-Dawley rats with dimethylnitrosamine- (DMN-) induced liver disease or puromycin aminonucleoside-induced renal fibrosis UUO-induced renal fibrosis model: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (200-250 g) underwent unilateral ureteral ligation. One day after surgery, GW788388 was dissolved in 0.5% methylcellulose and administered orally at doses of 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg once daily for 14 days. The vehicle group received 0.5% methylcellulose alone. Rats were euthanized, and kidneys were collected for histological and molecular analysis [1] MI-induced cardiac dysfunction model: Male C57BL/6 mice (8-10 weeks old) underwent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation to induce MI. Three days after MI, GW788388 was dissolved in 0.5% methylcellulose and given orally at 3 or 10 mg/kg once daily for 4 weeks. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography before sacrifice, and hearts were harvested for fibrosis and molecular analysis [2] Pharmacokinetic study: Male SD rats (250-300 g) were randomly divided into oral (10 mg/kg) and intravenous (2 mg/kg) groups. GW788388 was dissolved in DMSO/PEG400/normal saline (10:40:50, v/v/v) for intravenous administration, and in 0.5% methylcellulose for oral administration. Blood samples were collected at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours post-administration, and plasma drug concentrations were measured by LC-MS/MS [3] |
| 药代性质 (ADME/PK) |
GW788388 showed oral bioavailability of 30% in SD rats [3]
GW788388 had a terminal half-life (t1/2) of 2.3 hours (intravenous, 2 mg/kg) and 3.1 hours (oral, 10 mg/kg) in rats [3] GW788388 reached a maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of 152 ng/mL at 1.2 hours (Tmax) after oral administration of 10 mg/kg in rats [3] The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-24h) was 320 ng·h/mL (intravenous, 2 mg/kg) and 890 ng·h/mL (oral, 10 mg/kg) in rats [3] GW788388 had a volume of distribution (Vd) of 1.8 L/kg and total body clearance (CL) of 4.5 mL/min/kg in rats (intravenous administration) [3] |
| 毒性/毒理 (Toxicokinetics/TK) |
GW788388 had a plasma protein binding rate of >99% in rat and human plasma [3]
In rats and mice treated with GW788388 (up to 10 mg/kg, oral, for 4 weeks), no significant weight loss or abnormal clinical signs were observed [1,2,3] Serum levels of ALT, AST, BUN, and Cr in GW788388-treated animals were within the normal range, with no significant difference from the vehicle group [1,2] |
| 参考文献 |
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| 其他信息 |
GW788388 is a synthetic small molecule with the chemical structure 4-{4-[3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-yl}-N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)benzamide [3]
GW788388 exerts its inhibitory effect by binding to the ATP-binding pocket of ALK5, preventing ATP binding and subsequent kinase activation, thereby blocking the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway [3] GW788388 is orally active, which makes it a potential therapeutic agent for fibrotic diseases and cardiac dysfunction associated with excessive TGF-β signaling [1,2,3] GW788388 attenuates renal fibrosis by inhibiting the activation of renal fibroblasts and EMT of tubular epithelial cells [1] GW788388 improves post-MI cardiac function by reducing cardiac fibrosis and suppressing TGF-β-mediated Smad signaling in the myocardium [2] |
| 分子式 |
C25H23N5O2
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|---|---|---|
| 分子量 |
425.48
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| 精确质量 |
425.185
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| CAS号 |
452342-67-5
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| 相关CAS号 |
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| PubChem CID |
10202642
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| 外观&性状 |
Off-white to gray solid powder
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| 密度 |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| 沸点 |
683.2±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| 闪点 |
367.0±31.5 °C
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| 蒸汽压 |
0.0±2.1 mmHg at 25°C
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| 折射率 |
1.680
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| LogP |
1.88
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| tPSA |
92.79
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| 氢键供体(HBD)数目 |
2
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| 氢键受体(HBA)数目 |
5
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| 可旋转键数目(RBC) |
5
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| 重原子数目 |
32
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| 分子复杂度/Complexity |
605
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| 定义原子立体中心数目 |
0
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| InChi Key |
SAGZIBJAQGBRQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C25H23N5O2/c31-25(29-20-9-13-32-14-10-20)18-6-4-17(5-7-18)23-15-19(8-12-27-23)21-16-28-30-24(21)22-3-1-2-11-26-22/h1-8,11-12,15-16,20H,9-10,13-14H2,(H,28,30)(H,29,31)
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| 化学名 |
N-(oxan-4-yl)-4-[4-(5-pyridin-2-yl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl]benzamide
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| 别名 |
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| 存储方式 |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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| 运输条件 |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| 溶解度 (体外实验) |
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| 溶解度 (体内实验) |
配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.88 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入到400 μL PEG300中,混匀;然后向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80,混匀;加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。 *生理盐水的制备:将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中,得到澄清溶液。 配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.88 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD生理盐水溶液中,混匀。 *20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备(4°C,1 周):将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中,得到澄清溶液。 View More
配方 3 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.88 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 配方 4 中的溶解度: 30% PEG400+0.5% Tween80+5% Propylene glycol: 30 mg/mL 1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液)); 2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方): 10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline); 假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL; 3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例; 4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶; 5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用! 6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们; 7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。 |
| 制备储备液 | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.3503 mL | 11.7514 mL | 23.5029 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4701 mL | 2.3503 mL | 4.7006 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2350 mL | 1.1751 mL | 2.3503 mL |
1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;
2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;
3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);
4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。
计算结果:
工作液浓度: mg/mL;
DMSO母液配制方法: mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。
体内配方配制方法:取 μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。
(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
(2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。
![]() GW788388 inhibits both ALK5 and TβRII.Kidney Int.2008 Mar;73(6):705-15. th> |
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![]() GW788388 inhibits TGF-β-induced Smad activation dose-dependently.Kidney Int.2008 Mar;73(6):705-15. td> |
![]() GW788388 inhibits ALK5, ALK4, and ALK7 in a dose-dependent manner and has no effect on ALK2, ALK3, and ALK6.Kidney Int.2008 Mar;73(6):705-15. td> |
![]() GW788388 inhibits TGF-β-mediated EMT and apoptosis.(a) NMuMG cell proliferation measured after 72 h drug stimulation with dilution series of GW788388 (GW) (squares) and SB431542 (SB) (triangles) in the presence (closed symbols) or absence (open symbols) of TGF-β. (b) Phase-contrast images of TGF-β-induced EMT±GW788388 after 48 h stimulation. (c) Immunofluorescent staining of actin stress fiber formation after 48 h drug and TGF-β stimulation.Kidney Int.2008 Mar;73(6):705-15. th> |
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![]() TGF-β-induced EMT is inhibited by GW788388.Western blot analysis of epithelial and mesenchymal protein markers in RCC4/VHL (a) and NMuMG (b) cells after 48 h of drug and TGF-β stimulation. Control is DMSO-treated cells. β-Actin was used as a loading control. (c) Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction semi-quantitative analysis of SNAIL, PAI-1, E-cadherin, and FN in NMuMG cells after GW788388 (GW) or SB431542 (SB) treatment and TGF-β stimulation for 48 hKidney Int.2008 Mar;73(6):705-15. td> |
GW788388 inhibits the TGF-β-induced fibrotic responsein vitro. td> |