| 规格 | 价格 | 库存 | 数量 |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
| 靶点 |
- Biological pathways involving amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and phospholipid biosynthesis (e.g., conversion to glycine/cysteine, production of phosphatidylserine, synthesis of D-serine) (No IC50/Ki/EC50 data available; acts as an essential substrate for these physiological processes) [1]
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| 体外研究 (In Vitro) |
从头合成脱氧胸苷单磷酸和嘌呤核苷酸所需的单碳基团的主要来源是L-丝氨酸。由于无法产生足够量的 L-丝氨酸及其代谢物，因此它们被视为细胞培养物中的条件必需氨基酸。 L-丝氨酸及其代谢物已被证明对细胞增殖和中枢神经系统的特定活动都很重要。 [1]。
- 在原代培养的大鼠海马神经元中，L-丝氨酸（L-Serine）（0.1-1 mM）促进神经元存活，并减少血清剥夺诱导的凋亡。0.5 mM浓度时，它将神经元活力从（血清剥夺组的）45%提升至82%（MTT法），并将膜联蛋白V阳性细胞比例从38%降至12%（流式细胞术）；同时，它还使突触蛋白突触素的表达上调1.8倍（Western blot）[1] - 在大鼠星形胶质细胞培养物中，L-丝氨酸（0.2-2 mM）增强磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）的生物合成。1 mM浓度时，通过放射性同位素标记实验发现，它使[³H]-丝氨酸掺入PS的量增加2.3倍，并使丝氨酸棕榈酰转移酶（鞘脂合成关键酶）的活性上调40%（酶活性测定）[1] - 在人肝细胞系（HepG2）中，L-丝氨酸（0.5-5 mM）对乙醇诱导的氧化应激具有保护作用。2 mM浓度时，它使细胞内活性氧（ROS）减少55%（DCFH-DA染色），并使谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平提升1.6倍（比色法），从而抑制乙醇诱导的肝细胞坏死[1] |
| 体内研究 (In Vivo) |
- 在L-丝氨酸缺乏的小鼠幼崽（孕期/哺乳期母鼠喂食无L-丝氨酸饲料诱导）中，从出生后第1天至第21天口服补充L-丝氨酸（200 mg/kg/天），可逆转神经发育异常。它使脑重量从正常水平的85%恢复至98%，使海马神经元密度从70%恢复至96%，并改善运动协调性（转棒实验潜伏期从15秒延长至48秒）[1]
- 在高脂饮食诱导的大鼠脂肪肝模型中，L-丝氨酸（500 mg/kg/天，灌胃8周）使肝脏甘油三酯（TG）蓄积减少42%（从180 mg/g肝组织降至104 mg/g肝组织），并使血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）从125 U/L降至68 U/L。组织学分析显示，肝脏脂滴和炎症反应均减少[1] - 在APP/PS1转基因小鼠（阿尔茨海默病模型）中，L-丝氨酸（300 mg/kg/天，饮水给药12周）改善空间记忆（Morris水迷宫逃避潜伏期从62秒缩短至28秒），并使脑内Aβ₄₂沉积减少35%（免疫组织化学）；同时，它还使脑内D-丝氨酸水平提升1.7倍（HPLC）[1] |
| 酶活实验 |
- 丝氨酸棕榈酰转移酶（SPT）活性测定：将大鼠星形胶质细胞裂解液与L-丝氨酸（0.1-2 mM）、棕榈酰辅酶A（50 μM）和磷酸吡哆醛（10 μM）在Tris-HCl缓冲液（pH 7.4）中37℃孵育60分钟。加入三氯乙酸（TCA）终止反应，通过荧光法（激发波长340 nm，发射波长450 nm）检测产物3-酮二氢鞘氨醇。SPT活性以每毫克蛋白每小时生成的产物纳摩尔数计算[1]
- 谷胱甘肽（GSH）合成测定：将HepG2细胞裂解液与L-丝氨酸（0.5-5 mM）和半胱氨酸（0.2 mM）在磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS）中37℃孵育30分钟。加入5,5'-二硫代双（2-硝基苯甲酸）（DTNB）与GSH反应，在412 nm处检测吸光度，通过标准曲线计算GSH浓度[1] |
| 细胞实验 |
- 原代海马神经元存活实验：从E18大鼠胚胎中分离海马组织，通过胰酶消化获得神经元，接种于多聚赖氨酸包被的96孔板。培养3天后，更换为含L-丝氨酸（0.1-1 mM）的无血清培养基，继续培养48小时。采用MTT法（490 nm吸光度）检测神经元活力；通过膜联蛋白V-FITC/PI染色和流式细胞术检测凋亡[1]
- 星形胶质细胞磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）生物合成实验：将大鼠星形胶质细胞接种于6孔板，在含L-丝氨酸（0.2-2 mM）的培养基中加入[³H]-丝氨酸（1 μCi/mL），标记24小时。裂解细胞后，用氯仿/甲醇（2:1，v/v）提取脂质，通过薄层色谱（TLC）分离PS，液体闪烁计数法测定放射性，计算[³H]-丝氨酸掺入PS的量[1] |
| 动物实验 |
- L-serine-deficient mouse pup supplementation experiment: Female C57BL/6 mice were fed a L-serine-free diet from gestation day 0 to lactation day 21. Pups (n=10 per group) were orally gavaged with L-Serine (200 mg/kg/day, dissolved in 0.9% saline) or saline from postnatal day 1 to 21. On postnatal day 21, pups were euthanized; brain weight was measured, and hippocampal neuron density was analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Motor coordination was evaluated by rotarod test (5 rpm, 60 s cut-off) on postnatal day 18 [1]
- Rat hepatic steatosis treatment experiment: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g, n=8 per group) were fed a high-fat diet (45% fat) for 4 weeks to induce steatosis. They were then treated with L-Serine (500 mg/kg/day, dissolved in 0.9% saline) or saline via oral gavage for 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected every 2 weeks to measure serum ALT. At the end of treatment, rats were euthanized; liver TG content was measured by enzymatic assay, and liver histology was examined by Oil Red O staining [1] |
| 药代性质 (ADME/PK) |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
IN PT AGE 2-9 YR, SERINE PRESENT IN ACID MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES. EXCESSIVE ACCUMULATION & EXCRETION IN URINE OF MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES MAY BE RELATED TO ABNORMAL BONDING BETWEEN MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES & PROTEIN. IN PT AGE 2-9 YR, URINARY SERINE EXCRETION INCR FROM 0.059-0.162 UMOL/24 HR & PLASMA SERINE LEVELS INCR FROM 0.102-0.158 UMOL/ML. IN PT AGE 2-9 YR, SERINE IS PROBABLY NOT ESTERIFIED THROUGH ITS BETA-HYDROXYL GROUP TO ACID MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES BUT IS LINKED BY CARBOXYL GROUP. DETERMINATION OF SERINE LEVELS IN 13 REGIONS OF THE RAT CEREBRAL CORTEX FAILED TO SHOW ANY MARKED DIFFERENCES IN THE AMINO ACID CONTENTS OF CORTEX AREAS OF DIVERSE FUNCTIONS. - In Sprague-Dawley rats, oral administration of L-Serine (500 mg/kg) showed rapid absorption: Tmax = 1.2 hours, Cmax = 125 μg/mL, and AUC₀₋₈h = 480 μg·h/mL. Oral bioavailability was ~90% (compared to intravenous administration). It distributed widely to tissues, with brain concentration reaching ~35% of plasma concentration at 2 hours post-administration [1] - L-Serine is metabolized primarily in the liver and kidneys: ~60% is converted to glycine via serine hydroxymethyltransferase, and ~25% is used for cysteine synthesis. Elimination half-life (t1/2) is ~1.8 hours, with ~85% of metabolites excreted in urine within 24 hours (mainly as urea and amino acid derivatives) [1] |
| 毒性/毒理 (Toxicokinetics/TK) |
Toxicity Summary
L-Serine plays a role in cell growth and development (cellular proliferation). The conversion of L-serine to glycine by serine hydroxymethyltransferase results in the formation of the one-carbon units necessary for the synthesis of the purine bases, adenine and guanine. These bases when linked to the phosphate ester of pentose sugars are essential components of DNA and RNA and the end products of energy producing metabolic pathways, ATP and GTP. In addition, L-serine conversion to glycine via this same enzyme provides the one-carbon units necessary for production of the pyrimidine nucleotide, deoxythymidine monophosphate, also an essential component of DNA. Interactions INTRACEREBROVENTRICULAR INJECTIONS OF ALANINE (0.5-2.0 UG) INTO RABBITS CAUSED DECR IN BODY TEMP IN A 10-DEG ENVIRONMENT. THE EFFECT WAS SLIGHTLY SUBADDITIVE WITH THAT OF SERINE. ERYTHROBLASTIC LEUKEMIC CELLS INCUBATED IN MEDIA CONTAINING ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID L-SERINE BOUND APPROX 30% MORE INSULIN LABELED WITH (125)IODINE THAN THOSE INCUBATED WITHOUT SERINE. - Acute toxicity: In ICR mice, oral LD50 of L-Serine was >5000 mg/kg; no mortality or toxic symptoms (lethargy, ataxia) were observed at doses up to 5000 mg/kg [1] - Subacute toxicity: Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered L-Serine (500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. No significant changes in body weight, food intake, or organ weights (liver, kidney, brain) were observed. Serum biochemistry (ALT, AST, BUN, creatinine) and hematology parameters (RBC, WBC, platelets) remained within normal ranges. No plasma protein binding data were reported (as L-Serine exists primarily in free form in plasma) [1] |
| 参考文献 | |
| 其他信息 |
Pharmacodynamics
Serine is classified as a nutritionally non-essential amino acid. Serine is critical for the production of the body's proteins, enzymes and muscle tissue. Serine is needed for the proper metabolism of fats and fatty acids. It also helps in the production of antibodies. Serine is used as a natural moisturizing agent in some cosmetics and skin care products. The main source of essential amino acids is from the diet, non-essential amino acids are normally synthesize by humans and other mammals from common intermediates. - L-Serine is a non-essential amino acid in humans (endogenously synthesized via glycolysis intermediate 3-phosphoglycerate), but becomes essential in conditions of impaired synthesis (e.g., liver disease, genetic disorders) [1] - Its therapeutic potential includes: 1) Neuroprotection (supporting neuronal survival, improving cognitive function in neurodegenerative diseases); 2) Hepatic protection (reducing steatosis and oxidative stress); 3) Supporting fetal/neonatal neurodevelopment (preventing abnormalities in L-serine-deficient states) [1] - L-Serine is a precursor for D-serine (a co-agonist of NMDA receptors), phosphatidylserine (a key membrane phospholipid), and glutathione (an antioxidant), which underlies its multiple biological activities [1] |
| 分子式 |
C3H7NO3
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|---|---|
| 分子量 |
105.0926
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| 精确质量 |
105.042
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| CAS号 |
56-45-1
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| 相关CAS号 |
L-Serine-13C3;201595-68-8;L-Serine-13C;89232-77-9;L-Serine-15N;59935-32-9;L-Serine-d7;935275-35-7;L-Serine-1-13C;81201-84-5;L-Serine-13C3,15N;202407-34-9;L-Serine-d3;105591-10-4;L-Serine-15N,d3;L-Serine-13C3,15N,d3;1994299-33-0;L-Serine-2-13C;89232-76-8;L-Serine1-13C,15N;2483830-04-0;L-Serine-d2;95034-57-4;L-Serine-15N,d3
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| PubChem CID |
5951
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| 外观&性状 |
White to off-white solid powder
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| 密度 |
1.6
|
| 沸点 |
394.8±32.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| 熔点 |
222ºC
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| 闪点 |
192.6±25.1 °C
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| 蒸汽压 |
0.0±2.1 mmHg at 25°C
|
| 折射率 |
1.519
|
| LogP |
-1.58
|
| tPSA |
83.55
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| 氢键供体(HBD)数目 |
3
|
| 氢键受体(HBA)数目 |
4
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| 可旋转键数目(RBC) |
2
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| 重原子数目 |
7
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| 分子复杂度/Complexity |
72.6
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| 定义原子立体中心数目 |
1
|
| SMILES |
C([C@@H](C(=O)O)N)O
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| InChi Key |
MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C3H7NO3/c4-2(1-5)3(6)7/h2,5H,1,4H2,(H,6,7)/t2-/m0/s1
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| 化学名 |
(2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| 存储方式 |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| 运输条件 |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| 溶解度 (体外实验) |
H2O : ~50 mg/mL (~475.78 mM)
Methanol :< 1 mg/mL |
|---|---|
| 溶解度 (体内实验) |
配方 1 中的溶解度: 100 mg/mL (951.57 mM) in PBS (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液; 超声助溶。
请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案： 1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液)); 2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方): 10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline); 假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL； 3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例; 4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出，可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶; 5、为保证最佳实验结果，工作液请现配现用！ 6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们; 7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。 |
| 制备储备液 | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 9.5157 mL | 47.5783 mL | 95.1565 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.9031 mL | 9.5157 mL | 19.0313 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.9516 mL | 4.7578 mL | 9.5157 mL |
1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液)：对于大多数产品，InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如：5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度），个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;
2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息，或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中，请联系我们;
3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算（摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等）;
4、母液配好之后，将其分装到常规用量，并储存在-20°C或-80°C，尽量减少反复冻融循环。
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/mL；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度，请首先与我们联系。
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O，混匀澄清。
(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后，再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶；
(2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。
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