规格 | 价格 | 库存 | 数量 |
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100mg |
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250mg |
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500mg |
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1g |
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2g |
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Other Sizes |
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体外研究 (In Vitro) |
视黄酸,也称为全反式视黄酸,或 ATRA,是维生素 A 的高效衍生物,几乎是所有重要的生理过程和功能所必需的。它在 530 多个不同基因的转录控制中发挥作用。视黄酸的作用机制是通过其作为核视黄酸受体 (RARα-γ) 的激活配体的作用,与视黄酸 X 受体 (RXRα-γ) 结合形成异二聚体[1]。视黄酸 (RA) 的 Kd 值在 100 至 200 nM 之间,以低亲和力与 PPARα 和 PPARγ 结合。另一方面,视黄酸与 PPARβ/δ 结合时表现出高亲和力和同种型选择性,Kd 为 17 nM [2]。视黄酸 (RA) 受体 RARα、RARβ、RARγ 和 PPARβ/δ 以及视黄酸结合蛋白 CRABP-II 和 FABP5 由未分化的 P19 细胞表达。用视黄酸处理细胞诱导分化导致 CRABP-II 短暂过度表达和 FABP5 下调,这在相关蛋白质和 mRNA 水平上检测到。经过最初的下降后,成熟神经元中的 FABP5 蛋白和 mRNA 水平与未分化的 P19 细胞相比上升了 2-2.5 倍。 PPARβ/δ和RARα的水平没有受到分化诱导的显着影响。到第 4 天,RARγ mRNA 水平下降了近 5 倍,并且在成熟神经元中保持较低水平 [3]。视黄酸 (RA) 是由视黄醇(维生素 A)产生的一种形态发生素,在细胞发育、分化和器官发生中发挥着至关重要的作用。视黄酸与视黄酸受体 (RAR) 和视黄酸 X 受体 (RXR) 相互作用,调节靶基因的表达 [4]。
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体内研究 (In Vivo) |
将浓度为 0.3 μM 的视黄酸 (GMP) 应用于浸入含视黄酸的鱼缸水中的胚胎后,斑马鱼在 24 和 48 小时后表现出更快的视杆细胞分化[6]。
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动物实验 |
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参考文献 |
[1]. Wu L, et al. Retinoid X Receptor Agonists Upregulate Genes Responsible for the Biosynthesis of All-Trans-Retinoic Acid in Human Epidermis. PLoS One. 2016 Apr 14;11(4):e0153556.
[2]. Shaw N, et al. Retinoic acid is a high affinity selective ligand for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta. J Biol Chem. 2003 Oct 24;278(43):41589-92. [3]. Yu S, et al. Retinoic acid induces neurogenesis by activating both retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ). J Biol Chem. 2012 Dec 7;287(50):42195-205. [4]. Kam RK, et al. Retinoic acid synthesis and functions in early embryonic development. Cell Biosci. 2012 Mar 22;2(1):11. [5]. Apfel C, et al. A retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist selectively counteracts retinoic acid effects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Aug 1;89(15):7129-33. [6]. Xiu Jun Wang, et al. Identification of retinoic acid as an inhibitor of transcription factor Nrf2 through activation of retinoic acid receptor alpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Dec 4;104(49):19589-94 |
分子式 |
C20H28O2
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分子量 |
300.4
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CAS号 |
302-79-4
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相关CAS号 |
Retinoic acid-d5;78996-15-3;Retinoic acid;302-79-4;11-cis-Retinoic Acid-d5;Retinoic acid-d6;2483831-72-5
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SMILES |
O=C(O)/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C
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别名 |
All-trans Retinoic Acid; Ro 5488; Ro-5488; Vitamin A acid; ATRA; TRA; Ro5488; alltrans vitamin A acid; betaretinoic acid; retinoic acid; TRA; trans retinoic acid; trans vitamin A acid; tretinoinum; Trade names: Avita; Renova; Aberel; Aknoten; RetinA; RetinA MICRO; Vesanoid. Foreign brand names: Airol; Eudyna; RetisolA; StievaA; Cordes Vas; Dermairol; EpiAberel; StievaA Forte; Vitinoin
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存储方式 |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
运输条件 |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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溶解度 (体外) |
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溶解度 (体内) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 2.5 mg/mL (8.32 mM) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with heating and sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.32 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.32 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 2.5 mg/mL (8.32 mM) in 5% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 50% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 5: 2.5 mg/mL (8.32 mM) in 5% DMSO + 95% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 6: 5 mg/mL (16.64 mM) in 50% PEG300 50% PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 40°C. 1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液)); 2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方): 10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline); 假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL; 3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例; 4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶; 5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用! 6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们; 7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。 |
制备储备液 | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 3.3289 mL | 16.6445 mL | 33.2889 mL | |
5 mM | 0.6658 mL | 3.3289 mL | 6.6578 mL | |
10 mM | 0.3329 mL | 1.6644 mL | 3.3289 mL |
1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;
2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;
3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);
4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。
计算结果:
工作液浓度: mg/mL;
DMSO母液配制方法: mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。
体内配方配制方法:取 μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。
(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
(2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。