随着浓度升高，曲安奈德（0.05-3 mg/mL，48-60 小时）会降低 BREC 的增殖能力 [1]。以浓度依赖性方式，曲安奈德（0.04-5 mg/mL，24 小时）会降低正常软骨细胞和骨关节炎 (OA) 软骨细胞的活力 [2]。曲安奈德（0.04-5 mg/mL，24 小时）会加剧 OA 软骨中软骨结构退化、软骨细胞丢失和集落形成以及蛋白多糖丢失的程度[2]。曲安奈德（100 nM，7 天）可强烈诱导单核细胞分化为 M2 和抗炎巨噬细胞表型 [3]。

在骨关节炎大鼠中，腹腔注射 1.43 mg/mL 曲安奈德，每周一次，持续 6-12 周，可完全阻止骨赘的发育并改善 FRβ 相关巨噬细胞的活化 [3]。

细胞活力测定[2]
细胞类型：软骨细胞
测试浓度：0.04、0.08、0.16、0.31、0.63、1.25、2.5 和 5 mg /ml
孵育时间：24小时
实验结果：细胞活力下降，正常软骨细胞IC50值为2.23mg/mL，正常软骨细胞IC50为1.14mg/mL。 OA 软骨细胞中的 mL。

Animal/Disease Models: Severe OA rat model [3]
Doses: 1.43 mg/mL
Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip)injection
Experimental Results: diminished body weight during OA induction. demonstrated more macrophage activation and minimal or no osteophyte formation when injected knee joints.

[1]. Effect of triamcinolone acetonide on proliferation of retinal endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo . British journal of ophthalmology, 2005, 89(6): 745-747.

[2]. In vitro effects of triamcinolone acetonide and in combination with hyaluronan on canine normal and spontaneous osteoarthritis articular cartilage . In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Animal, 2016, 52: 723-735.

[3]. Triamcinolone acetonide activates an anti-inflammatory and folate receptor–positive macrophage that prevents osteophytosis in vivo . Arthritis research & therapy, 2015, 17(1): 1-13.

[4]. Effects of pimecrolimus compared with triamcinolone acetonide cream on skin barrier structure in atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blind, right–left arm trial . Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 2013, 93(5): 515-519.

[5]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triamcinolone_acetonide.

[6]. Glucocorticoids improve severe or critical COVID-19 by activating ACE2 and reducing IL-6 levels. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16(13):2382-2391.

Triamcinolone acetonide is a synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory drug and an anti-allergic agent. It is an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a 20-oxo steroid, a 21-hydroxy steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid, a glucocorticoid, a cyclic ketal, a fluorinated steroid and a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It is functionally related to a triamcinolone. It derives from a hydride of a pregnane.
Triamcinolone acetonide is a Corticosteroid. The mechanism of action of triamcinolone acetonide is as a Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonist.
Triamcinolone Acetonide is the acetonide salt form of triamcinolone, a synthetic glucocorticosteroid with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity. Triamcinolone acetonide binds to specific cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors and subsequently interacts with glucocorticoid receptor response element on DNA and alters gene expression. This results in an induction of the synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory proteins while inhibiting the synthesis of certain inflammatory mediators. Consequently, an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions are accomplished.
An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.
See also: Triamcinolone (has active moiety); Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (active moiety of); Triamcinolone Benetonide (is active moiety of) ... View More ...

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Drug Indication
Visualisation during vitrectomy

C24H31FO6

434.5

434.21

76-25-5

Triamcinolone acetonide (Standard);76-25-5;Triamcinolone acetonide-d7;Triamcinolone acetonide-d7-1;Triamcinolone acetonide-d6;352431-33-5

6436

White to off-white solid powder

1.3±0.1 g/cm3

576.9±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg

274-278ºC (dec.)

302.7±30.1 °C

0.0±3.6 mmHg at 25°C

1.589

2.5

93.06

2

7

2

31

925

8

C[C@]12C[C@@H]([C@]3([C@H]([C@@H]1C[C@@H]4[C@]2(OC(O4)(C)C)C(=O)CO)CCC5=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]53C)F)O

YNDXUCZADRHECN-JNQJZLCISA-N

InChI=1S/C24H31FO6/c1-20(2)30-19-10-16-15-6-5-13-9-14(27)7-8-21(13,3)23(15,25)17(28)11-22(16,4)24(19,31-20)18(29)12-26/h7-9,15-17,19,26,28H,5-6,10-12H2,1-4H3/t15-,16-,17-,19+,21-,22-,23-,24+/m0/s1

(6aS,6bR,7S,8aS,8bS,11aR,12aS,12bS)-6b-fluoro-7-hydroxy-8b-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-6a,8a,10,10-tetramethyl-1,2,6a,6b,7,8,8a,8b,11a,12,12a,12b-dodecahydro-4H-naphtho[2,1:4,5]indeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxol-4-one

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.79 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将100 μL 20.8 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入400 μL PEG300中，混匀；然后向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80，混匀；加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。
*生理盐水的制备：将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.79 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD生理盐水溶液中，混匀。
*20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备（4°C，1 周）：将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 3 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.79 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 澄清 DMSO 储备液加入到 900 μL 玉米油中并混合均匀。

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请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出，可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果，工作液请现配现用！
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。