规格 | 价格 | 库存 | 数量 |
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1mg |
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5mg |
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10mg |
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25mg |
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50mg |
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100mg |
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250mg |
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500mg |
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Other Sizes |
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靶点 |
Dopamine Receptor
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体外研究 (In Vitro) |
右旋普拉克索已被发现具有神经保护作用,目前正在研究用于治疗肌萎缩侧索硬化症 (ALS)。 Dexpramipexole 可减少线粒体活性氧 (ROS) 的产生,抑制细胞凋亡途径的激活,并增加细胞对各种神经毒素和 β-淀粉样蛋白神经毒性的存活率。与 S-(-) 异构体相比,Dexpramipexole 的多巴胺激动剂活性低得多。
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体内研究 (In Vivo) |
当培养物暴露于OGD时,右旋普拉克索增加了培养的神经元或神经胶质中线粒体ATP的产生,减少了能量衰竭,防止了细胞内Ca2+超载,并提供了细胞保护。该化合物还可以抵消OGD海马切片中ATP耗竭、线粒体肿胀、缺氧去极化、突触活性丧失和神经元死亡。在短暂或永久性MCAo的小鼠中,用与ALS患者已经使用的剂量一致的右普拉克索进行缺血后治疗,可以减少脑梗死面积,改善神经官能症[2]。
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细胞实验 |
据报道,神经元/星形胶质细胞培养物是从大鼠胚胎(E-17/E-19)或幼崽(P-1/P-2)制备的(Chiarugi等人,2003)。简而言之,使用培养基(MS)(Eagle的最低必需培养基,含Earle盐、不含谷氨酰胺和NaHCO3、NaHCO3 38 mM、葡萄糖22 mM、青霉素100 U·mL-1和链霉素100µg·mL-1)切碎大脑皮层,然后在37°C的MS中孵育10分钟(神经元)和45分钟(星形胶质细胞),补充0.25%胰蛋白酶和0.05%DNase。通过在添加了10%热灭活马血清(HIHS)和10%FBS的MS中孵育(在37°C下孵育10分钟)来终止酶消化。在组织机械破坏后,对细胞进行计数和铺板。对于混合皮质细胞培养,神经元以4×105个细胞·mL-1的密度重新悬浮,并使用添加了10%HIHS、10%FBS和2 mm谷氨酰胺的MS在融合的星形胶质细胞层上镀上15 mm多孔板。体外培养4-5天后,通过应用3µM阿糖胞苷24小时来停止非神经元细胞分裂。细胞培养物在有或没有DEX的情况下,在饱和有95%N2和5%CO2的无血清和无葡萄糖培养基中进行氧葡萄糖剥夺(OGD)。在缺氧室中于37°C下孵育2小时后,将培养物转移到含氧无血清培养基(75%Eagle最低必需培养基;25%Hank's平衡盐溶液;2 mM l‐谷氨酰胺;3.75µg·mL−1两性霉素B;和5 mg·mL-1葡萄糖)中,并在有或没有DEX的情况下恢复到常氧条件。24小时后评估碘化丙啶(PI)荧光[2]。
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动物实验 |
Acute hippocampal slice preparation and OGD exposure[2]
Acute hippocampal slices were prepared from male SD rats (Charles River, Calco, Italy, 150–200 g) as described (Pugliese et al., 2009). Hippocampi were removed and placed in ice‐cold oxygenated artificial CSF of the following composition (mM): NaCl 125, KCl 3, NaH2PO4 1.25, MgSO4 1, CaCl2 2, NaHCO3 25 and D‐glucose 10. Slices of 400 mm were prepared and kept in oxygenated aCSF for at least 1 h at RT. A single slice was then placed on a nylon mesh, completely submerged in a small chamber (0.8 mL) and superfused with oxygenated aCSF (31–32°C) at a constant flow rate of 1.5–1.8 mL·min−1. Under OGD condition, the slice was superfused with aCSF without glucose and gassed with 95%N2–5% CO2. This caused a drop in pO2 in the recording chamber from ~500 mmHg (normoxia) to a range of 35–75 mmHg (after 7 min OGD). (Pugliese et al., 2003) At the end of the ischaemic period, the slice was again superfused with normal, glucose‐containing, oxygenated aCSF. Control slices were not subjected to OGD or drug treatment but were incubated in oxygenated aCSF for identical time intervals. Hippocampal slices were (i) incubated for at least 1 h before electrophysiological recordings in the presence of DEX, which was maintained throughout the experiments or (ii) superfused in the presence of DEX at least 30 min before and after OGD application. |
毒性/毒理 (Toxicokinetics/TK) |
Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation No information is available on the use of pramipexole during breastfeeding, but it suppresses serum prolactin and may interfere with breastfeeding. An alternate drug may be preferred, especially while nursing a newborn or preterm infant. ◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date. ◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk Relevant published information in nursing mothers was not found as of the revision date. Pramipexole lowers serum prolactin.[1] The prolactin level in a mother with established lactation may not affect her ability to breastfeed. |
参考文献 |
[1]. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener. 2013 Jan;14(1):44-51. [2]. Br J Pharmacol. 2018 Jan; 175(2): 272–283. |
其他信息 |
The (R)-(+) enantiomer of PRAMIPEXOLE. Dexpramipexole has lower affinity for DOPAMINE RECEPTORS than pramipexole.
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分子式 |
C10H19CL2N3S
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分子量 |
284.2490
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精确质量 |
283.068
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元素分析 |
C, 42.26; H, 6.74; Cl, 24.94; N, 14.78; S, 11.28
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CAS号 |
104632-27-1
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相关CAS号 |
Pramipexole dihydrochloride; 104632-25-9; Pramipexole; 104632-26-0; Pramipexole dihydrochloride hydrate; 191217-81-9; Dexpramipexole; 104632-28-2; 908244-04-2 (HCl hydrate)
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PubChem CID |
46174453
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外观&性状 |
White to off-white solid powder
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LogP |
3.507
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tPSA |
79.91
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氢键供体(HBD)数目 |
5
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氢键受体(HBA)数目 |
5
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可旋转键数目(RBC) |
3
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重原子数目 |
17
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分子复杂度/Complexity |
188
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定义原子立体中心数目 |
1
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SMILES |
Cl[H].Cl[H].S1C(N([H])[H])=NC2=C1C([H])([H])[C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])C2([H])[H])N([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H]
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InChi Key |
QMNWXHSYPXQFSK-XCUBXKJBSA-N
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InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H17N3S.2ClH/c1-2-5-12-7-3-4-8-9(6-7)14-10(11)13-8;;/h7,12H,2-6H2,1H3,(H2,11,13);2*1H/t7-;;/m1../s1
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化学名 |
(6R)-6-N-propyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole-2,6-diamine;dihydrochloride
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别名 |
Dexpramipexole dihydrochloride; KNS-760704; KNS760704; KNS 760704; R-Pramipexole; 104632-27-1; DEXPRAMIPEXOLE DIHYDROCHLORIDE; Dexpramipexole (dihydrochloride); SND 919CL2x; (R)-Pramipexole Dihydrochloride; KNS 760704; CHEMBL3216394; I9038PKO43;
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HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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存储方式 |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month 注意: 请将本产品存放在密封且受保护的环境中,避免吸湿/受潮。 |
运输条件 |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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溶解度 (体外实验) |
H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~351.80 mM)
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~351.80 mM) |
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溶解度 (体内实验) |
配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.32 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将100 μL 20.8 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入400 μL PEG300中,混匀;然后向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80,混匀;加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。 *生理盐水的制备:将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中,得到澄清溶液。 配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.32 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 例如,若需制备1 mL的工作液,可将 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD生理盐水溶液中,混匀。 *20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备(4°C,1 周):将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中,得到澄清溶液。 View More
配方 3 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.32 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液。 配方 4 中的溶解度: 100 mg/mL (351.80 mM) in PBS (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加,逐一添加), 澄清溶液; 超声助溶. 1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液)); 2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方): 10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline); 假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL; 3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例; 4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶; 5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用! 6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们; 7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。 |
制备储备液 | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 3.5180 mL | 17.5901 mL | 35.1803 mL | |
5 mM | 0.7036 mL | 3.5180 mL | 7.0361 mL | |
10 mM | 0.3518 mL | 1.7590 mL | 3.5180 mL |
1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;
2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;
3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);
4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。
计算结果:
工作液浓度: mg/mL;
DMSO母液配制方法: mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。
体内配方配制方法:取 μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。
(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
(2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。
NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
NCT03430596 | Completed | Drug: Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride Drug: Pramipexole |
Extrapyramidal Syndrome C | Shanghai Mental Health Center | May 1, 2018 | Early Phase 1 |
NCT01525641 | Completed | Drug: Mirapex LA | Parkinson Disease | Boehringer Ingelheim | February 2012 | N/A |