Apigenin triacetate   中文名称: 三乙酸芹菜素

Natural flavonoid

背景: 壳聚糖对小麦赤霉病（Fusarium head blight， FHB）有一定的防治效果。本研究的目的是比较盐酸壳聚糖在真菌接种前或真菌接种后对FHB的影响，并通过非靶向代谢组学研究更好地了解其作用模式。 结果: 壳聚糖在体外抑制了真菌的生长，接种前24 h，在接种后7、14和21 d，壳聚糖显著降低了小麦敏感品种Remus的侵染颖花数量。壳聚糖预处理显著提高了玉米的平均粒重、穗粒数和千粒重。接种后24小时喷施壳聚糖对籽粒产量没有显著影响，即使在每个时间点上确实导致侵染的小穗数量减少。利用UHPLC-QTOF-MS对小麦穗进行的非靶向代谢组学研究表明，同时喷洒壳聚糖和F. graminearum可激活已知的FHB抗性途径（如茉莉酸）。此外，与单独喷洒壳聚糖（51）或禾耳镰刀菌（32）相比，在穗上喷洒壳聚糖和禾耳镰刀菌孢子时，更多的代谢物被上调或下调（117）。这包括一种萜类化合物，一种萜类化合物和一种先前与FHB抗性相关的阈值。 结论: 本研究表明，盐酸壳聚糖在体外对禾本科赤霉病菌的孢子萌发和菌丝发育具有抑制作用，在预接种时可诱导小麦对赤霉病菌的抗性，并强调了壳聚糖、病原菌和两种药剂对小麦代谢产物和途径的共同和不同影响。这项研究为壳聚糖如何提供保护或刺激小麦抵抗禾粒镰刀菌感染提供了新的见解。它还揭示了在以前的食品血红蛋白或壳聚糖相关代谢组学研究中未列出的新的推定鉴定代谢物。[1]

[1]. The impact of chitosan on the early metabolomic response of wheat to infection by Fusarium graminearum. BMC Plant Biology.

Acetic acid [4-(5,7-diacetyloxy-4-oxo-1-benzopyran-2-yl)phenyl] ester is a member of flavones.

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In conclusion, this research showed that chitosan inhibited the spore germination and hyphal development of F. graminearum in vitro. Additionally, chitosan decreased FHB disease severity when applied as a spray inoculant on the spikes of the susceptible wheat cv. Remus, either pre- or post-fungal inoculation. However, it only reduced the yield loss caused by the infection when applied as a pre-inoculant. The untargeted metabolomic study determined that chitosan applied as a pre-inoculant had an impact on the metabolites within the wheat spikes, whether the plants had been inoculated with F. graminearum spores or not. Some of the putatively identified metabolites were consistent with previously published studies whereas several metabolites signatures of interest remain to be characterized. Validation studies are needed to confirm the pathways delineated in this study, and particularly the uncharacterized metabolites, and in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed to study the impact of metabolites of interest on the infection of plants by pathogens. Targeted measurements with higher throughput analytical methods and the use of reference compounds may help elucidate the defence mechanisms of plants growing under biotic stress conditions and also to validate the identification of all potential depicted metabolites. Finally, in agreement with previous studies, chitosan was proven to significantly reduce the impact of FHB in wheat, suggesting that a treatment could be optimised for field application. Further studies would be necessary to compare the effect of different types of chitosan and to determine an optimal time of application regarding infection. [1]

C21H16O8

396.35

396.085

C, 63.64; H, 4.07; O, 32.29

3316-46-9

18721

Typically exists as solid at room temperature

1.356g/cm3

569.5ºC at 760mmHg

249.6ºC

1.587

3.235

109.11

0

8

7

29

704

0

C(OC1C2C(=O)C=C(C3C=CC(OC(=O)C)=CC=3)OC=2C=C(OC(=O)C)C=1)(=O)C

IVXFOQQPPONQTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C21H16O8/c1-11(22)26-15-6-4-14(5-7-15)18-10-17(25)21-19(28-13(3)24)8-16(27-12(2)23)9-20(21)29-18/h4-10H,1-3H3

[4-(5,7-diacetyloxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)phenyl] acetate

Apigenin triacetate; 3316-46-9; APIGENINTRIACETATE; Triacetyl apigenin; [4-(5,7-diacetyloxy-4-oxochromen-2-yl)phenyl] acetate; 6LQX84KDOB; FLAVONE, 4',5,7-TRIHYDROXY-, TRIACETATE; 4',5,7-Triacetoxyflavone;

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

注意: 如下所列的是一些常用的体内动物实验溶解配方，主要用于溶解难溶或不溶于水的产品（水溶度<1 mg/mL）。 建议您先取少量样品进行尝试，如该配方可行，再根据实验需求增加样品量。

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注射用配方1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*生理盐水/Saline的制备：将0.9g氯化钠/NaCl溶解在100 mL ddH ₂ O中，得到澄清溶液。
注射用配方 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
注射用配方 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
示例: 以注射用配方 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) 为例说明, 如果要配制 1 mL 2.5 mg/mL的工作液, 您可以取 100 μL 25 mg/mL 澄清的 DMSO 储备液，加到 900 μL Corn oil/玉米油中, 混合均匀。

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注射用配方 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline = 10 : 90 [如：100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)]
*20% SBE-β-CD in Saline的制备（4°C，储存1周）：将2g SBE-β-CD (磺丁基-β-环糊精) 溶解于10mL生理盐水中，得到澄清溶液。
注射用配方 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (如： 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (羟丙基环胡精)→ 500 μL Saline)
注射用配方 6: DMSO : PEG300 : Castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (如： 50 μL DMSO → 100 μL PEG300 → 200 μL Castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
注射用配方 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (如： 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
注射用配方 8: 溶解于Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), 然后用生理盐水稀释。
注射用配方 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如： 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
注射用配方 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如： 100 μL EtOH → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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口服配方 1: 悬浮于0.5% CMC Na (羧甲基纤维素钠)
口服配方 2: 悬浮于0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
示例: 以口服配方 1 (悬浮于 0.5% CMC Na)为例说明, 如果要配制 100 mL 2.5 mg/mL 的工作液, 您可以先取0.5g CMC Na并将其溶解于100mL ddH2O中，得到0.5%CMC-Na澄清溶液；然后将250 mg待测化合物加到100 mL前述 0.5%CMC Na溶液中，得到悬浮液。

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口服配方 3: 溶解于 PEG400 (聚乙二醇400)
口服配方 4: 悬浮于0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
口服配方 5: 溶解于0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
口服配方 6: 做成粉末与食物混合

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注意: 以上为较为常见方法，仅供参考， InvivoChem并未独立验证这些配方的准确性。具体溶剂的选择首先应参照文献已报道溶解方法、配方或剂型，对于某些尚未有文献报道溶解方法的化合物，需通过前期实验来确定（建议先取少量样品进行尝试），包括产品的溶解情况、梯度设置、动物的耐受性等。

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请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出，可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果，工作液请现配现用！
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。