| 规格 | 价格 | 库存 | 数量 |
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| 10mL |
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| 50mL |
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| 100mL |
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| 250mL |
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| 500mL |
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| 1000mL |
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| Other Sizes |
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| 靶点 |
Co-solvent; Formulation agent
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| 体内研究 (In Vivo) |
用玉米油灌胃的肿瘤显示生长激素 (GH) 水平降低了 54%，渗透微型泵输注取代了 GH。在灌胃水的动物中，原位 MNCL 细胞增殖有所增加。到达百分比[1]。玉米油经常用作饲料添加剂或在动物研究环境中用作亲脂性药物的载体[3]。腹腔注射后，受污染的玉米油可能会在许多天后致命。更建议胃内提供玉米油[4]。腹腔内应用玉米油会导致局部炎症和腹膜巨噬细胞耗竭[5]。给药策略：腹腔注射四次，间隔7天，每48小时注射一次。结果：与非药用级玉米油相比，药用级 (PG) 玉米油在第 21 天表现出明显更高的病理学评分。使用玉米油的组之间没有其他显着差异。将非药物级玉米油腹腔注射到小鼠体内被认为是安全的，因为它没有任何负面的临床影响。
在长期致癌实验中，作为溶媒对照的雄性Fischer大鼠经口灌胃玉米油后，其单核细胞白血病（MNCL）的自发发病率比未灌胃或水灌胃对照组低约25%，且潜伏期延长、生存率提高。通过MNCL移植模型、原位增殖试验和免疫能力评估，研究者发现移植的MNCL细胞在玉米油灌胃大鼠中生长更慢。植入这些大鼠体内的扩散盒中培养的MNCL细胞增殖率比水灌胃大鼠低40%，提示营养敏感的內源性因子介导了这种抑制。进一步研究显示，玉米油灌胃大鼠血清生长激素水平降低54%，而通过微量渗透泵补充GH后，MNCL细胞增殖率恢复至水灌胃大鼠水平。此外，玉米油灌胃大鼠的细胞免疫能力增强，表现为有丝分裂原刺激、自然细胞毒性和免疫荧光测定指标改善。这些结果表明，玉米油灌胃可能通过降低GH等因子水平减缓MNCL细胞增殖，和/或增强免疫能力，从而减少MNCL的发生。 [1] 在成年雄性Buffalo大鼠大腿注射少量 hepatoma 7777 或 7800 组织前后，腹腔注射微量玉米油显著降低了两种肿瘤的生长速率。玉米油经水充分萃取后仍具活性，表明有效成分为非水溶性。相比之下，红花油或生理盐水注射对肿瘤生长无影响。组织磷脂脂肪酸分析显示，玉米油注射未改变该脂质组分中的酯化脂肪酸，提示其作用机制与脂肪酸组成变化无关。 [2] 出于对动物福利的考虑，当存在药用级物质时，研究中使用非药用级物质必须提供科学依据。一项在雌性C57BL/6J小鼠中的研究评估了每48小时腹腔注射药用级玉米油、非药用级玉米油或生理盐水（共4次）的效果。通过体重、体况评分、视觉评估、全血细胞计数和血清生化指标评估，非药用级玉米油未引起不良临床反应。然而，第21天时，药用级玉米油组的腹膜和肠系膜脂肪炎症评分显著高于非药用级玉米油组（显微镜半定量评分），生理盐水组在两个时间点（末次注射后24小时和14天）的病理评分均最低。这些结果表明，非药用级玉米油用于小鼠腹腔注射是安全的，但由于不同级别玉米油引起的炎症反应存在差异，研究中应保持所用玉米油级别的一致性。[3] |
| 动物实验 |
Treatment groups received either pharmaceutical-grade (PG) corn oil, nonpharmaceutical-grade (NPG) corn oil marketed as a vehicle for fat-soluble compounds, or 0.9% normal saline, with 30 mice per group. All compounds were administered via intraperitoneal injection every 48 hours over a 7-day period, totaling four injections per mouse.
Injections were performed by a single researcher (JSH) using a standardized technique. Each mouse was manually restrained with its head tilted downward, and a fresh 25-gauge, 5/8-inch needle was inserted into the right caudal abdominal quadrant at approximately a 30° angle. The plunger was withdrawn to confirm negative pressure within the peritoneal cavity and ensure the absence of intestinal contents. A consistent injection volume of 0.1 mL was used across all groups.
On day 8, 24 hours after the final injection, half of the mice from each group (n = 15 per group) were euthanized for terminal blood collection and necropsy. The remaining mice were maintained for an additional 14 days and similarly necropsied on day 21.[3]
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| 药代性质 (ADME/PK) |
Absorption: As a lipid, corn oil is absorbed through the lymphatic system. For example, when administered orally in corn oil, compounds like ethchlorvynol were recovered in the lymph .
Distribution: Corn oil and its components can be distributed to various tissues. Following subcutaneous injection, accumulation of the administered substance was observed in the inguinal skin, axillary lymph nodes, and even the alveoli of the lung and bronchus . Metabolism: Vegetable oils like corn oil are nutrients and are metabolized by the body. They can be taken up by macrophages, leading to the formation of foam cells . Excretion: The excretion pathways are typical of lipid metabolism. Some compounds delivered in corn oil can also be excreted as metabolites. For instance, ethchlorvynol-glucuronide was recovered in the lymph . |
| 毒性/毒理 (Toxicokinetics/TK) |
Local Inflammation: Corn oil can cause inflammation at the site of administration. Subcutaneous injection leads to the accumulation of the substance and the formation of granulation tissue . Intraperitoneal injection causes xanthogranulomatous inflammation with depletion of resident peritoneal macrophages and can trigger macrophage pyroptosis, though this inflammatory response is milder than that caused by peanut or mineral oil .
Systemic Effects: Body and Organ Weights: Repeated administration of corn oil, particularly at higher volumes, can lead to increased body weight in rats. This, in turn, can cause a decrease in some relative organ weights . Hematology: Slight decreases in red blood cell (RBC) counts have been observed in female rats administered high doses of corn oil subcutaneously . Neoplasia Modulation: In long-term studies, corn oil gavage has been shown to have a significant impact on tumor incidence. It can increase the incidence of pancreatic proliferative lesions (hyperplasia and adenoma) while simultaneously decreasing the incidence of mononuclear cell leukemia and adrenal medulla pheochromocytomas in male F344/N rats . Neurobehavioral and Oxidative Stress: Developmental exposure to corn oil can induce behavioral abnormalities, such as decreased locomotor activity and increased anxiety. These changes are accompanied by alterations in brain redox homeostasis, including increased malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase activity in specific brain regions . |
| 参考文献 | |
| 其他信息 |
To our knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate the effects of PG compared with NPG corn oil on animal wellbeing. Unexpectedly, the mice treated with PG corn oil had higher pathology scores than those given NPG corn oil. However, the BCS and VAS did not indicate that the inflammation induced by either corn oil product resulted in pain or distress. Given these findings, there is no benefit to using PG corn oil compared with NPG corn oil. However, the mild differences in inflammation between the 2 groups suggest that the use of either PG or NPG corn oil should be consistent within a study. These findings cannot be extrapolated to other NPG compounds, and the use of NPG products in animals should still be justified and approved on a case-by-case basis. [3]
|
| 分子量 |
0
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|---|---|
| CAS号 |
8001-30-7
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| 外观&性状 |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
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| 密度 |
0.900 g/mL at 20 °C
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| 闪点 |
254 °C
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| 折射率 |
1.473-1.476
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| SMILES |
BrC1C=C2C=C(C(=O)O)NC2=CN=1
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| 存储方式 |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| 运输条件 |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| 溶解度 (体外实验) |
Ethanol :≥ 100 mg/mL
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|---|---|
| 溶解度 (体内实验) |
注意: 如下所列的是一些常用的体内动物实验溶解配方，主要用于溶解难溶或不溶于水的产品（水溶度<1 mg/mL）。 建议您先取少量样品进行尝试，如该配方可行，再根据实验需求增加样品量。
注射用配方
注射用配方1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(IP/IV/IM/SC等) *生理盐水/Saline的制备：将0.9g氯化钠/NaCl溶解在100 mL ddH ₂ O中，得到澄清溶液。 注射用配方 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) 注射用配方 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) 示例: 以注射用配方 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) 为例说明, 如果要配制 1 mL 2.5 mg/mL的工作液, 您可以取 100 μL 25 mg/mL 澄清的 DMSO 储备液，加到 900 μL Corn oil/玉米油中, 混合均匀。 View More
注射用配方 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline = 10 : 90 [如：100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)] 口服配方
口服配方 1: 悬浮于0.5% CMC Na (羧甲基纤维素钠) 口服配方 2: 悬浮于0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素) 示例: 以口服配方 1 (悬浮于 0.5% CMC Na)为例说明, 如果要配制 100 mL 2.5 mg/mL 的工作液, 您可以先取0.5g CMC Na并将其溶解于100mL ddH2O中，得到0.5%CMC-Na澄清溶液；然后将250 mg待测化合物加到100 mL前述 0.5%CMC Na溶液中，得到悬浮液。 View More
口服配方 3: 溶解于 PEG400 (聚乙二醇400) 请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案： 1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液)); 2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方): 10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline); 假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL； 3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例; 4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出，可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶; 5、为保证最佳实验结果，工作液请现配现用！ 6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们; 7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。 |
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/mL；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度，请首先与我们联系。
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O，混匀澄清。
(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后，再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶；
(2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。
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