| 规格 | 价格 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg | |||
| 1g | |||
| Other Sizes |
| 靶点 |
- Luteinizing Hormone Receptor (LHR)-Mediated Signaling Pathway
- Inhibits LH-induced progesterone production in rat luteal cells, with an EC₅₀ of 0.25 μM for progesterone synthesis suppression [1]
- Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein (StAR) - Downregulates StAR expression in a concentration-dependent manner in rat luteal cells [1] - Progesterone Receptor (PR) - Binds to PR in rat uterine tissues, modulating uterine growth and differentiation (no Ki value reported) [2] |
|---|---|
| 体外研究 (In Vitro) |
1. 抑制大鼠黄体细胞中LH刺激的孕酮生成
- 细胞来源:妊娠10天大鼠的黄体细胞。
- 处理方案:细胞先用左炔诺孕酮(Levonorgestrel)(浓度:0.01 μM、0.1 μM、0.5 μM、1 μM)预孵育1小时,再与促黄体生成素(LH,10 ng/mL)共孵育24小时。
- 检测指标及结果:
- 孕酮水平:通过放射免疫法(RIA)检测。0.01 μM时,Levonorgestrel 抑制LH诱导的孕酮生成约20%;0.1 μM时,抑制率升至约45%;1 μM时,达到最大抑制(约80%),EC₅₀为0.25 μM [1]
- cAMP积累量:通过竞争结合法检测。1 μM的Levonorgestrel 使LH诱导的cAMP水平较仅LH处理组降低约55% [1] - StAR表达:通过Western blot分析。0.1–1 μM的Levonorgestrel 以浓度依赖性方式下调StAR蛋白水平30–60% [1] 2. 调节黄体细胞中类固醇生成酶活性 - 实验设计:大鼠黄体细胞用Levonorgestrel(1 μM)和LH(10 ng/mL)处理12小时,检测3β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶(3β-HSD)和胆固醇侧链裂解酶(P450scc)的活性。 - 结果:对3β-HSD和P450scc的活性无显著影响,表明Levonorgestrel 的抑制作用特异性针对StAR介导的胆固醇转运 [1] |
| 体内研究 (In Vivo) |
1. 调节去卵巢大鼠的子宫生长及激素水平
- 动物模型:8周龄雌性SD大鼠,实验前7天进行双侧卵巢切除,以消除内源性类固醇的干扰。
- 处理方案:大鼠分为4组(每组n=6):
- 对照组:经口灌胃溶媒(0.5%羧甲基纤维素,CMC);
- 低剂量组:Levonorgestrel(0.1 mg/kg/天)溶解于溶媒,经口灌胃;
- 中剂量组:Levonorgestrel(0.5 mg/kg/天),经口灌胃;
- 高剂量组:Levonorgestrel(1 mg/kg/天),经口灌胃。
- 处理时长:连续21天。
- 检测指标及结果:
- 子宫重量:高剂量Levonorgestrel 使子宫湿重较对照组降低约35%;低、中剂量无显著影响 [2]
- 血浆孕酮水平:通过RIA检测。所有Levonorgestrel 处理组均呈剂量依赖性降低血浆孕酮水平,高剂量组降低约40% [2] - 子宫组织学:高剂量Levonorgestrel 诱导子宫内膜萎缩,腺体密度降低,子宫内膜上皮变薄 [2] 2. 影响正常大鼠的卵巢卵泡发育 - 动物模型:10周龄雌性SD大鼠,发情周期规律(通过连续2个周期的阴道涂片确认)。 - 处理方案:Levonorgestrel(0.5 mg/kg/天)经口灌胃14天。 - 结果:成熟卵泡(直径≥2 mm)数量较对照组减少约50%;对原始卵泡和初级卵泡无显著影响 [2] |
| 酶活实验 |
1. 检测LH信号通路的cAMP竞争结合实验
- 试剂:大鼠黄体细胞裂解液、[³H]-cAMP、未标记cAMP标准品、Levonorgestrel 处理组细胞上清液。
- 流程:
1. 收集经Levonorgestrel(1 μM)和LH(10 ng/mL)处理4小时的黄体细胞上清液;
2. 在96孔板中,将100 μL上清液与50 μL [³H]-cAMP(0.1 μCi/mL)和50 μL cAMP结合蛋白(来自牛肾上腺皮质)混合;
3. 4°C孵育18小时;
4. 加入100 μL预冷的活性炭-葡聚糖溶液(0.5%活性炭、0.05%葡聚糖),分离结合态与游离态[³H]-cAMP;
5. 4°C下3000×g离心10分钟;
6. 取150 μL上清液加入闪烁瓶,加入3 mL闪烁液,通过液体闪烁计数仪检测放射性。
- 分析:利用未标记cAMP制作标准曲线,计算样品中cAMP浓度;比较Levonorgestrel 处理组与对照组的cAMP水平 [1]
2. 检测孕酮的放射免疫法(RIA) - 试剂:抗孕酮抗体、[¹²⁵I]-标记孕酮、孕酮标准品、Levonorgestrel 处理组黄体细胞上清液。 - 流程: 1. 向试管中加入50 μL上清液(或孕酮标准品),随后加入50 μL抗孕酮抗体和50 μL [¹²⁵I]-孕酮; 2. 37°C孵育2小时,再4°C孵育16小时; 3. 加入1 mL预冷的二抗溶液(羊抗兔IgG),沉淀抗体结合的[¹²⁵I]-孕酮; 4. 4°C下2500×g离心15分钟,弃去上清液; 5. 用γ计数仪检测沉淀的放射性。 - 分析:利用标准曲线确定样品中孕酮浓度;计算Levonorgestrel 对LH诱导的孕酮生成的抑制率 [1] |
| 细胞实验 |
1. 大鼠黄体细胞的分离与培养
- 流程:
1. 颈椎脱臼法处死妊娠10天的大鼠;取出卵巢,置于预冷的Hank’s平衡盐溶液(HBSS)中;
2. 将卵巢剪碎为1 mm³的组织块,加入0.2% I型胶原酶,37°C温和振荡孵育30分钟;
3. 用70 μm细胞筛过滤细胞悬液,去除组织碎片;
4. 4°C下800×g离心5分钟,弃去上清液;用含10%胎牛血清(FBS)和1%青霉素-链霉素的DMEM重悬细胞;
5. 调整细胞密度至1×10⁶ cells/mL,接种于24孔板(每孔500 μL),37°C、5% CO₂培养箱中孵育24小时,待细胞贴壁;
6. 更换为无血清DMEM,按需加入Levonorgestrel(0.01–1 μM)和LH(10 ng/mL),继续孵育24小时;
7. 收集上清液用于孕酮和cAMP检测;裂解细胞用于StAR蛋白的Western blot分析 [1]
2. 检测StAR蛋白表达的Western blot实验 - 流程: 1. 用含蛋白酶抑制剂的RIPA缓冲液裂解处理后的黄体细胞,冰上孵育30分钟; 2. 4°C下12000×g离心15分钟,收集上清液(总蛋白); 3. 通过BCA法测定蛋白浓度,将所有样品调整至相同蛋白浓度(20 μg/孔); 4. 将蛋白样品与5×SDS上样缓冲液混合,95°C加热5分钟使蛋白变性; 5. 将样品上样至12% SDS-PAGE凝胶,80 V电泳30分钟,再120 V电泳90分钟; 6. 300 mA恒流转膜90分钟,将蛋白从凝胶转移至PVDF膜; 7. 用5%脱脂牛奶-TBST封闭膜,室温孵育1小时; 8. 加入StAR一抗(1:1000稀释),4°C孵育过夜; 9. TBST洗涤膜3次(每次10分钟);加入HRP标记的二抗(1:5000稀释),室温孵育1小时; 10. TBST洗涤膜3次(每次10分钟);用ECL化学发光试剂显影;ImageJ软件定量条带灰度值 [1] |
| 动物实验 |
1. Uterine Growth Regulation Experiment in Ovariectomized Rats
- Protocol:
1. Animal Preparation: 8-week-old female SD rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (40 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection); perform bilateral ovariectomy via dorsal incision; suture incision and monitor for 7 days to ensure recovery;
2. Grouping and Treatment: Randomly divide rats into 4 groups (n=6):
- Control: 0.5% CMC (1 mL/kg) via oral gavage, once daily for 21 days;
- Low-dose Levonorgestrel: 0.1 mg/kg/day, dissolved in 0.5% CMC, oral gavage, once daily for 21 days;
- Medium-dose Levonorgestrel: 0.5 mg/kg/day, same solvent and route as above;
- High-dose Levonorgestrel: 1 mg/kg/day, same solvent and route as above;
3. Sample Collection: On day 22, sacrifice rats by cervical dislocation; collect blood via abdominal aorta, centrifuge at 3000×g for 15 minutes to separate plasma (store at -80°C for hormone detection); remove uterus, blot dry with filter paper, weigh (record wet weight), and fix 1/3 of uterine tissue in 4% paraformaldehyde for histological analysis;
4. Detection: Measure plasma progesterone via RIA; prepare paraffin sections of uterine tissue, stain with hematoxylin-eosin (HE), and observe endometrial morphology under a light microscope [2]
2. Ovarian Follicular Development Experiment in Intact Rats - Protocol: 1. Animal Selection: 10-week-old female SD rats with regular 4-day estrous cycles (confirmed via vaginal smear for 2 consecutive cycles); 2. Treatment: Rats in the experimental group received Levonorgestrel (0.5 mg/kg/day, dissolved in 0.5% CMC) via oral gavage for 14 days; control group received vehicle only; 3. Sample Collection: On day 15, sacrifice rats, remove ovaries, fix in 4% paraformaldehyde for 24 hours; 4. Histological Analysis: Prepare 5 μm serial paraffin sections of ovaries, stain with HE; count the number of primordial follicles (<50 μm), primary follicles (50–100 μm), secondary follicles (100–200 μm), and mature follicles (>200 μm) in each ovary under a light microscope (count 5 non-overlapping fields per section) [2] |
| 毒性/毒理 (Toxicokinetics/TK) |
1. General Toxicity in Rats
- In the 21-day oral administration experiment (0.1–1 mg/kg/day) in ovariectomized rats, Levonorgestrel did not cause significant changes in body weight, food intake, or organ weights (liver, kidney, spleen) compared to the control group [2]
2. Biochemical Indicators - No significant differences in serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), or creatinine (Cr) levels were observed between Levonorgestrel-treated groups and the control group [2] 3. Plasma Protein Binding No data on plasma protein binding rate of Levonorgestrel were reported in [1] or [2] |
| 参考文献 |
[1]. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1994 Aug;50(3-4):161-6. hyperlink: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8049144/
[2]. Exp Anim. 2011;60(4):363-71. hyperlink: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21791876/ |
| 其他信息 |
1. Mechanism of Action
- In rat luteal cells, Levonorgestrel inhibits LH-stimulated progesterone production primarily by suppressing cAMP accumulation and downregulating StAR expression, which blocks cholesterol transport into mitochondria (the rate-limiting step of steroidogenesis) [1]
- In ovariectomized rats, Levonorgestrel exerts anti-estrogenic effects on the uterus by binding to PR, leading to reduced uterine weight and endometrial atrophy; this effect is dose-dependent, with high doses (1 mg/kg/day) showing the most significant activity [2] 2. Research Background - Literature [1] aimed to investigate the effect of progestins (including Levonorgestrel) on LH-mediated steroidogenesis in luteal cells, providing a basis for understanding the role of progestins in regulating ovarian function [1] - Literature [2] focused on evaluating the impact of Levonorgestrel on reproductive organs (uterus and ovaries) in rats, which is relevant to the development of progestin-based contraceptives or hormone replacement therapies [2] |
| 分子式 |
C27H38O3
|
|---|---|
| 分子量 |
410.58882856369
|
| 精确质量 |
410.282
|
| 元素分析 |
C, 78.98; H, 9.33; O, 11.69
|
| CAS号 |
13635-16-0
|
| 相关CAS号 |
797-63-7 (free);13635-16-0 (hexanoate);86679-33-6 (butyrate);
|
| PubChem CID |
10431710
|
| 外观&性状 |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
|
| LogP |
6.013
|
| tPSA |
43.37
|
| 氢键供体(HBD)数目 |
0
|
| 氢键受体(HBA)数目 |
3
|
| 可旋转键数目(RBC) |
8
|
| 重原子数目 |
30
|
| 分子复杂度/Complexity |
770
|
| 定义原子立体中心数目 |
6
|
| SMILES |
CCCCCC(=O)O[C@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@H]34)CC)C#C
|
| InChi Key |
MQEMIBNIYXQPDK-WOSSHHRXSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C27H38O3/c1-4-7-8-9-25(29)30-27(6-3)17-15-24-23-12-10-19-18-20(28)11-13-21(19)22(23)14-16-26(24,27)5-2/h3,18,21-24H,4-5,7-17H2,1-2H3/t21-,22+,23+,24-,26-,27-/m0/s1
|
| 化学名 |
[(8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-13-ethyl-17-ethynyl-3-oxo-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] hexanoate
|
| 别名 |
Levonorgestrel hexanoate; 13635-16-0; 13-Ethyl-17-((1-oxohexyl)oxy)-18,19-dinorpregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one (17alpha)-; 18,19-Dinorpregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one, 13-ethyl-17-((1-oxohexyl)oxy)-, (17alpha)-; [(8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-13-ethyl-17-ethynyl-3-oxo-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] hexanoate; orb1696497; SCHEMBL11694584;
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| 存储方式 |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| 运输条件 |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| 溶解度 (体外实验) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| 溶解度 (体内实验) |
注意: 如下所列的是一些常用的体内动物实验溶解配方,主要用于溶解难溶或不溶于水的产品(水溶度<1 mg/mL)。 建议您先取少量样品进行尝试,如该配方可行,再根据实验需求增加样品量。
注射用配方
注射用配方1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (如: 100 μL DMSO → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(IP/IV/IM/SC等) *生理盐水/Saline的制备:将0.9g氯化钠/NaCl溶解在100 mL ddH ₂ O中,得到澄清溶液。 注射用配方 2: DMSO : PEG300 :Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如: 100 μL DMSO → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) 注射用配方 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如: 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) 示例: 以注射用配方 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) 为例说明, 如果要配制 1 mL 2.5 mg/mL的工作液, 您可以取 100 μL 25 mg/mL 澄清的 DMSO 储备液,加到 900 μL Corn oil/玉米油中, 混合均匀。 View More
注射用配方 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline = 10 : 90 [如:100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)] 口服配方
口服配方 1: 悬浮于0.5% CMC Na (羧甲基纤维素钠) 口服配方 2: 悬浮于0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素) 示例: 以口服配方 1 (悬浮于 0.5% CMC Na)为例说明, 如果要配制 100 mL 2.5 mg/mL 的工作液, 您可以先取0.5g CMC Na并将其溶解于100mL ddH2O中,得到0.5%CMC-Na澄清溶液;然后将250 mg待测化合物加到100 mL前述 0.5%CMC Na溶液中,得到悬浮液。 View More
口服配方 3: 溶解于 PEG400 (聚乙二醇400) 请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案: 1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液)); 2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方): 10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline); 假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL; 3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例; 4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶; 5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用! 6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们; 7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。 |
| 制备储备液 | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.4355 mL | 12.1776 mL | 24.3552 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4871 mL | 2.4355 mL | 4.8710 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2436 mL | 1.2178 mL | 2.4355 mL |
1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;
2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;
3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);
4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。
计算结果:
工作液浓度: mg/mL;
DMSO母液配制方法: mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。
体内配方配制方法:取 μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。
(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
(2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。