- Muscarinic receptors (M1-M5)：(R)-Oxybutynin acts as a competitive antagonist with varying affinities. Ki values for M1-M5 receptors: 1.3 nM (M1), 0.8 nM (M2), 0.14 nM (M3), 2.4 nM (M4), 0.7 nM (M5). [1]

毒蕈碱受体结合：(R)-奥昔布宁对M3受体亲和力最高（Ki = 0.14 nM），对M2和M5受体亲和力中等（Ki分别为0.8 nM和0.7 nM），对M1和M4受体亲和力较低（Ki分别为1.3 nM和2.4 nM）。这种结合模式表明其优先抑制M3介导的逼尿肌收缩。[1]
- 解痉活性：在离体膀胱平滑肌条实验中，(R)-奥昔布宁以浓度依赖方式有效抑制卡巴胆碱诱导的收缩，IC50约为0.1 μM。该作用通过阻断毒蕈碱受体和直接松弛平滑肌实现。[1]

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外消旋氧丁炔（CAS 1508-65-2）在临床上用于治疗尿失禁，并据报道经历N-去甲基化为代谢物R-和/或S-去乙基氧丁炔。为了评估这些代谢产物在氧丁炔治疗效果中的作用，检测了RS、R和S氧丁炔、RS、R、S去乙基氧丁炔和RS terodiline（CAS 7082-21-5）对豚鼠膀胱分离条的抗毒蕈碱和抗痉挛作用。所有这些化合物都表现出抗毒蕈碱活性：它们竞争性拮抗卡巴胆碱诱导的收缩，平均pA2值（+/-S.E.）分别为8.91+/-0.20、8.80+/-0.27、7.09+/-0.13、8.55+/-0.32、9.04+/-0.32、7.31+/-0.35和6.77+/-0.22。与抗痉挛作用一致，所有化合物对钾诱导的收缩都产生了类似的抑制作用；降低对137.7 mmol/l钾的反应的平均IC50值在2.22至5.68 mumol/l之间。因此，RS-和R-oxybutynin以及RS-和R-脱乙氧基Butynin相对于其解痉活性表现出较高的抗毒蕈碱活性，而S-oxybutynn、S-脱乙氧基丁宁和RS-terodiline表现出相对较弱的抗毒肌碱活性。结论是，奥昔布宁脱乙基为脱乙氧布宁不会明显改变其抗毒蕈碱或解痉活性，R-和/或S-脱乙氧布宁可能对奥昔布汀在人体内的药理学特性有重大贡献。此外，由于S-奥昔布宁的抗毒蕈碱和解痉作用的相对效力与RS-terodiline相当，因此S-奥昔布宁值得考虑开发为治疗尿失禁的单一对映体药物。它可能会产生与RS terodiline和RS oxybutynin相同的有益治疗效果，但与RS teroidline一样，产生的抗毒蕈碱副作用发生率低于RS oxybutyn[1]。

- 改善膀胱功能：在膀胱过度活动症动物模型（如部分膀胱出口梗阻大鼠）中，口服(R)-奥昔布宁（0.3–10 mg/kg）可减少排尿频率并增加膀胱容量。其作用归因于对膀胱M3受体的抗胆碱能作用，从而降低逼尿肌过度活动。[1][2]
- 中枢神经系统效应：在小鼠中，较高剂量（10 mg/kg，腹腔注射）的(R)-奥昔布宁占据71%的中枢毒蕈碱受体，可能导致口干、头晕等中枢相关副作用。该占有率显著高于同剂量的托特罗定（35%）和达非那新（15%）。[1]

- 毒蕈碱受体结合实验： 1. 将表达毒蕈碱受体的组织（如大鼠脑或膀胱）膜制剂与放射性标记配体（如[³H]-NMS）在不同浓度的(R)-奥昔布宁（0.01–100 nM）存在下孵育。 2. 通过过滤或离心分离结合和游离配体，使用液体闪烁计数测量放射性。 3. 利用竞争曲线计算结合亲和力（Ki），(R)-奥昔布宁以浓度依赖方式置换[³H]-NMS。[1]

- 平滑肌收缩实验： 1. 将离体膀胱或肠道平滑肌条置于充满Krebs-Henseleit溶液（37°C，95% O₂/5% CO₂）的器官浴中。 2. 向浴中累积加入(R)-奥昔布宁（0.01–10 μM），等长记录张力变化。 3. 通过绘制浓度-反应曲线确定抑制卡巴胆碱诱导收缩的IC50。[1]

- Bladder overactivity model in rats： 1. Partial bladder outlet obstruction is induced by ligating the urethra, leading to detrusor overactivity. 2. (R)-Oxybutynin is administered orally (0.3, 1, 3, 10 mg/kg) or intraperitoneally (1–10 mg/kg) once daily for 7 days. 3. Urinary parameters (frequency, volume, voiding pressure) are measured using cystometry, and bladder tissues are analyzed for M receptor expression. [1]

- Oral administration： - Absorption：(R)-Oxybutynin is rapidly absorbed, with peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) reached within 1–3 hours. Oral bioavailability is approximately 6% due to extensive first-pass metabolism. [3]
- Metabolism：Primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 to N-desethyloxybutynin, which retains partial antimuscarinic activity. The terminal half-life of (R)-Oxybutynin is 1.5–2 hours. [3]
- Excretion：Approximately 60% of the dose is excreted in urine (mainly as metabolites), and 30% in feces. [3]
- Transdermal administration： - Absorption：Delivers a sustained release of (R)-Oxybutynin, with Cmax achieved after 6–8 hours. Bioavailability is higher (25–30%) compared to oral administration, reducing first-pass metabolism. [3]

- Plasma protein binding：(R)-Oxybutynin is highly bound to plasma proteins (≈99%), primarily albumin. This high binding may limit its distribution to tissues and increase drug-drug interactions. [3]
- Side effects：Common adverse effects include dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, and dizziness, attributed to antimuscarinic activity. Severe toxicity (e.g., CNS excitation, cardiovascular effects) is rare at therapeutic doses but may occur with overdose. [1][2]

[1]. Comparison of the antimuscarinic and antispasmodic actions of racemic oxybutynin and desethyloxybutynin and their enantiomers with those of racemic terodiline. Arzneimittelforschung. 1998 Oct;48(10):1012-8.

[2]. Oxybutynin extended-release: a review of its use in the management of overactive bladder. Drugs. 2004;64(8):885-912.

[3]. Pharmacokinetics of the R- and S-enantiomers of oxybutynin and N-desethyloxybutynin following oral and transdermal administration of the racemate in healthy volunteers. Pharm Res. 2001 Jul;18(7):1029-34.

- Mechanism of action：(R)-Oxybutynin exerts its therapeutic effects by competitively blocking M3 receptors in the bladder detrusor muscle, reducing involuntary contractions. Its higher M3 affinity compared to other antimuscarinics (e.g., tolterodine) contributes to improved efficacy in overactive bladder. [1][2]
- Clinical use：Approved for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome, reducing urinary frequency, urgency, and incontinence. Available in immediate-release, extended-release oral formulations, and transdermal patches. [2][3]

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The OROS-based oxybutynin extended-release (ER) formulation (Lyrinel XL; Ditropan XL) represents a new form of oral delivery for oxybutynin, a muscarinic receptor antagonist used in the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB). The release of oxybutynin from oxybutynin ER occurs in a sustained manner, resulting in a smoother plasma concentration-time profile and a lower maximum plasma concentration than those seen with oxybutynin immediate-release (IR). The ER formulation has been developed with the aim of improving the tolerability of oxybutynin therapy and facilitating once-daily administration. Moreover, oxybutynin ER offers greater flexibility in dosage (5-30 mg/day) than the other available treatment options. At dosages of 5-30 mg once daily, oxybutynin ER produced significant decreases from baseline in weekly urinary urge incontinence in patients with OAB. In addition, there were significant decreases in weekly total incontinence episodes and micturition frequency. In two randomised, double-blind studies in patients with OAB, the improvement in all the symptoms with once-daily oxybutynin ER 5-30 mg/day was similar to that produced by oxybutynin IR 5-20 mg/day given one to four times daily. Once-daily oxybutynin ER 10 mg was superior to tolterodine IR 4 mg/day given as two daily doses and as effective as once-daily tolterodine ER 4 mg/day in decreasing urinary incontinence; the decreases in micturition frequency with oxybutynin ER were significantly greater than those seen with either of tolterodine formulations. Oxybutynin ER was well tolerated in all the trials, with adverse events usually being mild to moderate and transient. In direct comparisons, the overall tolerability profile of oxybutynin ER was better than that of oxybutynin IR. Oxybutynin ER was similar to tolterodine (IR and ER) with respect to the incidence of clinically important dry mouth. A large 12-month tolerability study demonstrated no significant risks associated with the long-term use of oxybutynin ER. A few noncomparative studies have shown promising results with oxybutynin ER in the treatment of adult and paediatric patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction secondary to neuronal injury. Long- and short-term studies have reported significant improvements in health-related quality of life with oxybutynin ER therapy. In addition, pharmacoeconomic studies have suggested that oxybutynin ER is more cost effective than oxybutynin IR and at least as cost effective as tolterodine IR. In conclusion, oxybutynin ER shows excellent efficacy in the treatment of symptoms associated with OAB in adults and the elderly with a good tolerability profile over a prolonged period of use (12 months). The ER formulation of oxybutynin provides a smooth plasma concentration profile over the 24-hour dosage interval, facilitating once-daily administration. Hence, given its overall efficacy/tolerability profile and dosage flexibility, oxybutynin ER provides an excellent treatment option in the first-line pharmacotherapy of OAB.[2]

C22H32CLNO3

393.95

137.097

C, 67.07; H, 8.19; Cl, 9.00; N, 3.56; O, 12.18

1207344-05-5

Oxybutynin;5633-20-5;Oxybutynin chloride;1508-65-2;(R)-Oxybutynin hydrochloride;1207344-05-5;Oxybutynin-d11 chloride;1185151-95-4; Oxybutynin;5633-20-5;(R)-Oxybutynin hydrochloride;1207344-05-5;Oxybutynin-d11 chloride;1185151-95-4;(R)-Oxybutynin;119618-21-2; 5633-20-5 (racemate); 1508-65-2 (racemate HCl); 1207344-05-5 (R-isomer HCl); 119618-21-2 (R-isomer); 2738613-22-2 (R-isomer citrate); 119618-22-3 (S-isomer); 2862851-81-6 (R-isomer tartrate); 230949-16-3 (S-isomer HCl)

11349918

Typically exists as light yellow to yellow solids at room temperature

49.8Ų

2

4

8

27

490

1

CCN(CC)CC#CCOC(=O)C(C1CCCCC1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)O.Cl

SWIJYDAEGSIQPZ-FTBISJDPSA-N

InChI=1S/C22H31NO3.ClH/c1-3-23(4-2)17-11-12-18-26-21(24)22(25,19-13-7-5-8-14-19)20-15-9-6-10-16-20;/h5,7-8,13-14,20,25H,3-4,6,9-10,15-18H2,1-2H3;1H/t22-;/m0./s1

4-(diethylamino)but-2-ynyl (2R)-2-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate;hydrochloride

Oxybutynin chloride, (R)-; (R)-Oxybutynin Chloride; JWB87T68BN; Oxybutynin hydrochloride, (R)-; UNII-JWB87T68BN; (R)-alpha-Phenylcyclohexaneglycolic Acid 4-(DiethylaMino)-2-butynyl Ester, Hydrochloride; (R)-Oxybutynin (hydrochloride);

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

注意： 请将本产品存放在密封且受保护的环境中，避免吸湿/受潮。

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

注意: 如下所列的是一些常用的体内动物实验溶解配方，主要用于溶解难溶或不溶于水的产品（水溶度<1 mg/mL）。 建议您先取少量样品进行尝试，如该配方可行，再根据实验需求增加样品量。

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注射用配方1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*生理盐水/Saline的制备：将0.9g氯化钠/NaCl溶解在100 mL ddH ₂ O中，得到澄清溶液。
注射用配方 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
注射用配方 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
示例: 以注射用配方 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) 为例说明, 如果要配制 1 mL 2.5 mg/mL的工作液, 您可以取 100 μL 25 mg/mL 澄清的 DMSO 储备液，加到 900 μL Corn oil/玉米油中, 混合均匀。

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注射用配方 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline = 10 : 90 [如：100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)]
*20% SBE-β-CD in Saline的制备（4°C，储存1周）：将2g SBE-β-CD (磺丁基-β-环糊精) 溶解于10mL生理盐水中，得到澄清溶液。
注射用配方 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (如： 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (羟丙基环胡精)→ 500 μL Saline)
注射用配方 6: DMSO : PEG300 : Castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (如： 50 μL DMSO → 100 μL PEG300 → 200 μL Castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
注射用配方 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (如： 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
注射用配方 8: 溶解于Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), 然后用生理盐水稀释。
注射用配方 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如： 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
注射用配方 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如： 100 μL EtOH → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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口服配方 1: 悬浮于0.5% CMC Na (羧甲基纤维素钠)
口服配方 2: 悬浮于0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
示例: 以口服配方 1 (悬浮于 0.5% CMC Na)为例说明, 如果要配制 100 mL 2.5 mg/mL 的工作液, 您可以先取0.5g CMC Na并将其溶解于100mL ddH2O中，得到0.5%CMC-Na澄清溶液；然后将250 mg待测化合物加到100 mL前述 0.5%CMC Na溶液中，得到悬浮液。

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口服配方 3: 溶解于 PEG400 (聚乙二醇400)
口服配方 4: 悬浮于0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
口服配方 5: 溶解于0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
口服配方 6: 做成粉末与食物混合

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注意: 以上为较为常见方法，仅供参考， InvivoChem并未独立验证这些配方的准确性。具体溶剂的选择首先应参照文献已报道溶解方法、配方或剂型，对于某些尚未有文献报道溶解方法的化合物，需通过前期实验来确定（建议先取少量样品进行尝试），包括产品的溶解情况、梯度设置、动物的耐受性等。

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请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出，可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果，工作液请现配现用！
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。