p53-MDM2

通过抑制p53-MDM2相互作用来恢复p53活性被认为是癌症治疗的一种有吸引力的方法。然而，疏水性蛋白质相互作用表面对开发具有理想药理学特征的小分子抑制剂来说是一个重大挑战。RG7112是临床开发的第一个小分子p53-MDM2抑制剂。在这里，我们报告了第二代临床MDM2抑制剂RG7388的发现和特征，该抑制剂具有优异的效力和选择性[1]。

RG7388诱导的细胞凋亡相对于药物暴露延迟，不需要持续治疗。在初步疗效测试中，RG7388的每日剂量为30mg/kg，每周两次剂量为50mg/kg，在我们的肿瘤模型中具有统计学上的等效性。此外，每周给药50mg/kg相当于每天给药10mg/kg。对这些数据进行建模和模拟表明了几种可能的间歇临床给药方案。进一步的临床前分析证实了这些时间表是可行的选择[2]。
结论：如模型和模拟所预测的那样，除了慢性给药外，RG7388的间歇给药也可以实现抗肿瘤活性。这些替代方案可能会改善长期服用RG7112的耐受性问题，同时提供临床益处。因此，RG7388临床试验选择了每周（qw）和每天五天（5天开/23天关，qd）的时间表[2]。

p53-MDM2 HTRF 测定使用 50 mM Tris-HCl、pH 7.4、100 mM NaCl、1 mM DTT 和 0.02 或 0.2 mg/ml BSA 缓冲液。小分子抑制剂的等分试样作为 10 mM DMSO 的储备溶液保存在 96 深孔板中 4°C。在测试之前，将其解冻并混合。将生物素化的 p53 肽和 GST-MDM2 与该物质在 37°C 下孵育一小时。添加 Eu-8044-链霉亲和素和 Phycolink 山羊抗 GST（1 型）别藻蓝蛋白后，需要在室温下孵育一小时。使用 Envision 荧光读数器读取板。板之间一式两份或一式三份的数据集用于计算 IC50 值。 XLfit4 (Microsoft) 使用具有 4 参数 Logistic 模型的 Sigmoidal 剂量响应模型和方程 Y= (A+ ((BA)/ (1+ ((C/x)^D)))) 分析数据，其中 A B 和 B 分别是在不存在或存在无限抑制剂化合物的情况下的酶活性，C 是 IC50，D 是 Hill 系数。

四唑染料测定用于评估细胞增殖。浓度与抑制百分比对数图的线性回归得出细胞增殖被抑制 50% (IC50) 或 90% (IC90) 时的浓度。[1]

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癌症细胞系的体外试验[2]
RG7388在DMSO中以1和10 mmol/L的浓度制备，并在-20°C下等分储存。SJSA、RKO、HCT116、H460、A375、SK-MEL-5、SW480、MDA435和HeLa细胞购自ATCC。细胞系通过Promega认证服务通过短串联重复分析进行认证。对于体外研究，细胞在ATCC指定的培养基中培养。培养基中补充了10%FBS和1%200 nmol/L L-谷氨酰胺。为了评估细胞活力，在正常生长培养基中的96孔板中，以确定的最佳生长密度接种细胞，进行5天的测定。从300μmol/L开始，将RG7388的连续稀释液（在新鲜培养基中为1-3）分三次应用于孔（1-10），最终浓度范围为0.01至30μmol/L，对照孔用0.3%的DMSO处理，相当于最高RG7388浓度的DMSO。如前所述，通过MTT还原为甲赞来测量细胞呼吸，作为细胞存活率的指标。
按照Tovar及其同事的描述确定凋亡百分比。对于蛋白质印迹分析，细胞在T-75培养瓶中培养（总体积4 mL，5×105个细胞/孔），并在37°C、5%CO2下孵育过夜。细胞用0.3或1.8μmol/L的RG7388或0.1%的DMSO处理作为对照。处理时间为16小时，在RG7388洗脱前和洗脱后4、8、24和48小时制备裂解物。

Antitumor clinical activity has been demonstrated for the MDM2 antagonist RG7112, but patient tolerability for the necessary daily dosing was poor. Here, utilizing RG7388, a second-generation nutlin with superior selectivity and potency, we determine the feasibility of intermittent dosing to guide the selection of initial phase I scheduling regimens. Experimental design: A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) model was developed on the basis of preclinical data to determine alternative dosing schedule requirements for optimal RG7388-induced antitumor activity. This PKPD model was used to investigate the pharmacokinetics of RG7388 linked to the time-course of the antitumor effect in an osteosarcoma xenograft model in mice. These data were used to prospectively predict intermittent and continuous dosing regimens, resulting in tumor stasis in the same model system.[2]

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Efficacy of Oral MDM2 Inhibitor RG7388 in the SJSA Human Osteosarcoma Xenograft Model [1]
Female SJSA tumor-bearing nude mice were orally administered daily doses of RG7388 and blood samples were collected in EDTA tubes from 2 animals/group/time point (1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours) after the first (acute PK) or last (chronic PK) dose. Plasma and tumor samples were prepared and analyzed for RG7388 by LC/MS/MS. Mean plasma concentrations were calculated from 2 animals/group/time point. S-9 Efficacy of Oral MDM2 Inhibitor RG7388 in the SJSA Human Osteosarcoma Xenograft Model The anti-tumor efficacy of RG7388 in the SJSA1 model was determined in female nude mice as reported in Tovar et al.1 In the current study, mice were randomized into treatment groups of 10 mice with similar mean tumor volumes of 190-230 mm3 . RG7388 was administered by gavage at doses from 12.5-50 mg/kg daily for two weeks.

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Efficacy of Oral MDM2 Inhibitor RG7388 in the SJSA Human Osteosarcoma Xenograft Model [1]
The anti-tumor efficacy of RG7388 in the SJSA1 model was determined in female nude mice as reported in Tovar et al.1 In the current study, mice were randomized into treatment groups of 10 mice with similar mean tumor volumes of 190-230 mm3 . RG7388 was administered by gavage at doses from 12.5-50 mg/kg daily for two weeks.

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Pharmacokinetic analysis[2]
To determine RG7388 plasma concentrations, blood samples were collected from female mice during in vivo antitumor studies. In each treatment group, on the first and/or last dosing day, blood samples (generally n = 2/time point) were collected at various predetermined time points ranging from 0.5 to 24 hours after the last dose. Pharmacokinetic assessment was performed via noncompartmental analysis using Watson v7.4, where parameters were calculated on the basis of the composite concentration–time data from each treatment group and sampling day. Sampling times were reported as nominal time, with concentrations below the limit of quantitation excluded. Parameters reported include plasma half-life (t1/2), Cmax, Tmax, and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from end of dosing to the last bleeding time point (AUC0–24 hours). The AUCs were calculated using the linear trapezoidal rule. The Cmax and Tmax values were taken directly from the plasma concentration–time profiles without extrapolations.

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In vivo activity studies in xenograft tumor models[2]
Athymic female nude mice (Crl:NU-Foxn1nu) were obtained from Charles River Laboratories. The health of all animals was monitored daily by gross observation and analyses of blood samples of sentinel animals. All animal experiments were performed in accordance with protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee in our Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care-accredited facility.
At 10 to 12 weeks of age, mice were implanted with a 1:1 mixture of human SJSA osteosarcoma cells (ATCC) suspended in phenol-free Matrigel and PBS. Mice were implanted in the right flank at a concentration of 5 × 106 cells in 0.2 mL total volume. At approximately day 10, animals were randomized according to tumor volume, so that all groups of 10 randomized mice had similar starting mean tumor volumes of 100 to 250 mm3.
Tumor measurements and weights were taken two to three times per week. TGI was calculated from percent change in mean tumor volume compared with the control group. Average percent weight change was used as a surrogate endpoint for tolerability in the experiment. Animals in each group were continuously followed beyond the last day of treatment to see whether tumor regrowth would occur. In this second phase of analysis, survival was calculated using a cutoff individual tumor volume of 1,500 mm3 as a surrogate for mortality. The increase in lifespan (ILS) was calculated as a percentage using the formula: [(median day of death in treated tumor-bearing mice) − (median day of death in control tumor-bearing mice)]/median day of death in control tumor-bearing mice × 100. Statistical analysis was performed as previously described.
RG7388 was administered as an amorphous solid dispersion microbulk precipitate powder containing 30% drug substance and 70% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate polymer that was reconstituted immediately before administration as a suspension in Klucel/Tween, and remaining suspension was discarded after dosing.

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Pharmacokinetics [3]
Idasanutlin peak concentrations typically occurred 6 to 8 h after oral administration without food, and declined thereafter, with terminal half-life of ≈30 h (Fig. 2A). Exposure was approximately dose proportional after the first dose (i.e., day 1) and following repeat dosing (i.e., day 3 for QD × 3 regimens, day 5 for QD × 5 regimens), although increases appeared to be less than dose proportional at doses above 600 mg, suggesting a saturation in intestinal absorption at this dose level (Fig. 2B). However, inter-patient variability in exposure was high with all dosing regimens (Fig. 2B). Exposure was approximately twofold higher on the final day of QD × 3 and QD × 5 dosing compared with the first dose (Fig. 2B), but there was no accumulation with QW × 3 dosing (data not shown). For a specified daily dose, cumulative idasanutlin exposure over the whole 28-day dosing cycle was greatest with a QD × 5 regimen, reflecting the higher total dose administered (i.e., 5 days of dosing vs. 3 days of dosing or 3 single doses).

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Food effects on idasanutlin pharmacokinetics [3]
Ten patients received 800-mg doses of idasanutlin, either with a high-fat/high-calorie meal or while fasted. Dosing employed a half-replicate, crossover design, which resulted in 15 pairs of fed versus fasted data from the 10 patients. On average, idasanutlin exposure was higher when taken with food (mean maximum plasma concentration was 14% higher and area under the curve extrapolated to infinity was 43% higher), but variability was high and as the 90% confidence intervals encompassed unity, it was concluded that food had no clinically meaningful effect on idasanutlin exposure (Online Resource Table S7; Fig. 2C).

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Pharmacodynamic analysis [3]
After idasanutlin dosing, circulating macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC-1) levels increased generally in a dose-exposure–dependent manner (Fig. 2D). Consequently, trends in MIC-1 responses to treatment mirrored trends in idasanutlin exposure, as described in Population PK/PD Analysis section.
Sixteen of the 31 patients (51.6%) evaluated by positron emission tomography analysis for changes in tumor proliferation rates with idasanutlin treatment achieved a partial proliferative response as their best percentage maximum standardized uptake value change from baseline during cycle 1, indicating a decrease of ≥ 25% (Online Resource Fig. S2).

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Population PK/PD analysis [3]
Simulations with the indirect PK/MIC-1 model (Online Resource Supplementary Methods) indicated that despite some high variability, the release of MIC-1 following idasanutlin treatment is concentration dependent; the higher the idasanutlin concentrations, the higher the release of MIC-1. Weekly dosing with idasanutlin resulted in lower maximum release but a more sustainable effect on MIC-1 over the 28-day treatment cycle compared with a daily regimen (for the same level of dose) (Fig. 3).

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Idasanutlin (RG7388) is a MDM2 (murine double minute 2) inhibitor that is being investigated for its anticancer effects, particularly in tumors with wild-type TP53 (e.g., acute myeloid leukemia, solid tumors). Here’s an overview of its pharmacokinetics (PK) based on available preclinical and clinical data:
1. Absorption
Route of Administration: Oral (tablet formulation).
Bioavailability: Limited data, but oral absorption is moderate (~30-50% in preclinical models).
Food Effect: High-fat meals may significantly increase absorption (observed in clinical trials). Thus, it is often administered with food to enhance bioavailability.

2. Distribution
Protein Binding: Highly protein-bound (>99%, primarily to albumin).
Volume of Distribution (Vd): Not well characterized, but likely moderate due to high protein binding.
Tissue Penetration: Preclinical data suggest distribution into tumor tissues, but CNS penetration is likely limited.

3. Metabolism
Primary Pathway: Hepatic metabolism, primarily via CYP3A4 (major) and UGT1A1/UGT1A3 (glucuronidation).
Metabolites: Several oxidative and conjugated metabolites (mostly inactive or weakly active).
Drug-Drug Interactions (DDIs):
CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., rifampin) → May decrease idasanutlin exposure.
CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole) → May increase idasanutlin exposure.
UGT inhibitors (e.g., atazanavir) → Potential increase in exposure.

4. Elimination
Half-life (t½): ~4–8 hours (variable between patients).
Clearance: Primarily hepatic with biliary excretion.
Excretion: Mostly fecal (~70-80%), with minimal renal excretion (<5%).

5. Pharmacokinetic Variability
Interpatient Variability: High, possibly due to differences in CYP3A4/UGT activity, food effects, and protein binding.
Dose Proportionality: Nonlinear PK at higher doses (saturation of absorption or metabolism).
6. Special Populations
Hepatic Impairment: Expected to significantly increase exposure (not well studied).
Renal Impairment: Unlikely to have a major effect (minimal renal excretion).
Pediatric/Elderly: Limited data; studies are ongoing.
7. Clinical Implications
Optimal Dosing: Typically given once daily or intermittently (e.g., 5 days on/2 days off) to manage toxicity (e.g., gastrointestinal effects, thrombocytopenia).
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM): May be useful due to high PK variability.

Summary Table of Idasanutlin PK
Parameter Characteristics
Route Oral (with food)
Bioavailability Moderate (~30-50%)
Protein Binding >99% (albumin)
Metabolism CYP3A4, UGT1A1/1A3
Half-life ~4–8 hours
Excretion Feces (~70-80%), urine (<5%)
Key DDIs CYP3A4 inducers/inhibitors

Ongoing Research
Clinical trials continue to refine the PK profile, particularly in combination therapies (e.g., with venetoclax in AML).

Safety and tolerability [3]
The median duration of treatment for all patients was 36 days (range, 1–726 days), with 15 patients (15.2%) treated for > 91 days (Online Resource Table S3). The median (range) number of total daily doses received in the QW × 3, QD × 3, and QD × 5 cohorts, respectively, was 10.5 (2–72), 9.0 (6–42), and 10.0 (1–130). All 99 patients comprised the safety population; across all cohorts, 78 patients (78.8%) received ≤ 2 treatment cycles.

The MTD for QW × 3 dosing was 3200 mg (given as 1600 mg twice daily [BID]), with DLTs of nausea, thrombocytopenia, and vomiting (Online Resource Table S4), all reported at a total daily dose of 1600 mg or higher. The MTD for QD × 3 dosing was 1000 mg (given as 500 mg BID), with DLTs of thrombocytopenia, febrile neutropenia, neutropenia, and pancytopenia. For QD × 5 dosing, the MTD was 500 mg (given QD), with DLTs of thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, and diarrhea. A total of 31 DLTs were reported across all cohorts (n = 99), with 21 patients (21.2%; dose-escalation cohorts, n = 20; apoptosis cohort, n = 1) having ≥ 1 DLT. The most common DLT was thrombocytopenia, occurring in 16 of 99 patients (16.2%). Other DLTs included neutropenia (5 [5.1%]), febrile neutropenia (3 [3.0%]), nausea (2 [2.0%]), as well as leukopenia, pancytopenia, diarrhea, and vomiting (1 each [1.0%]). Within the dose-escalation cohorts, DLTs were more common in patients on daily (40% for QD × 3 and 32.4% for QD × 5) versus weekly dosing schedules (8.3%), with a higher incidence of DLTs related to hematologic and lymphatic system disorders reported with daily regimens (Online Resource Table S4).

All 99 patients experienced ≥ 1 AE that was considered by the investigator to be related to study treatment (Table 1). The most common treatment-related AEs were diarrhea (74.7%), nausea (71.7%), vomiting (50.5%), decreased appetite (43.4%), and thrombocytopenia (39.4%; Online Resource Table S5). In general, treatment-related AEs occurred at the highest frequencies with the QD × 3 schedule; the lowest frequencies were observed with the QD × 5 schedule (Online Resource Table S5).

Grade ≥ 3 AEs of any cause occurred in 63 patients (63.6%) and were reported in higher incidences in the QD dosing regimens (Table 1). The most common grade ≥ 3 any-cause AEs were thrombocytopenia (29.3%), anemia (20.2%), neutropenia (16.2%), nausea (11.1%), and diarrhea (7.1%). Serious AEs (SAEs) were reported in 32 patients (32.3%) across all study groups (Table 1; Online Resource Table S6). Treatment-related SAEs were reported in 25 patients (25.3%); the most frequently reported (in 24 of 25 patients) were related to blood and lymphatic system disorders: thrombocytopenia/decreased platelet count (14 events), febrile neutropenia (5 events), neutropenia/decreased neutrophil count (4 events), leukopenia/decreased white blood cell count (3 events), and anemia (2 events). Treatment-related SAEs were more frequently reported with QD dosing (QD × 3, 7 of 15 [46.7%]; QD × 5, 13 of 34 [38.2%]) than QW × 3 dosing (4 of 36 [11.1%]) (Online Resource Table S6).

The majority of patients (81 of 99 [81.8%]) discontinued treatment due to non-safety reasons: disease progression (n = 77), patient consent withdrawal (n = 3), and other reason unspecified (n = 1). Eighteen patients (18.2%) withdrew due to AEs, 8 of which were considered SAEs. More AE-related discontinuations occurred in patients receiving daily dosing regimens, excluding the apoptosis imaging cohort (QD × 3, 20.0%; QD × 5, 29.4%), compared with those receiving QW × 3, excluding the food effect cohort (11.1%). The most common AEs resulting in study drug discontinuation among all patients were neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and pulmonary embolism (3.0% each). AEs associated with study withdrawal were more likely to be hematologic in nature and grade ≥ 3 in severity.

Dose modifications/interruptions due to an AE were reported in 44 patients (44.4%) and occurred at similar frequencies with the weekly and daily schedules (Table 1). This included 16 of 36 patients (44.4%) on QW × 3 dosing, while 7 of 15 patients (46.7%) on QD × 3 dosing and 18 of 34 (52.9%) on QD × 5 dosing required dose modifications. The most frequently reported AEs leading to dose modification were thrombocytopenia (24.2%) and neutropenia (9.1%).

Overall, 7 deaths occurred during treatment or over the 28 days following the last study dose: 5 were due to progressive disease and 2 were due to an SAE (Table 1). One death (QW × 3 cohort) was due to an intra-abdominal hemorrhage and pulmonary embolism, both determined to be unrelated to study treatment. The other death (QD × 5 cohort) was due to pulmonary embolism and possibly related to study treatment.

[1]. Discovery of RG7388, a potent and selective p53-MDM2 inhibitor in clinical development. J Med Chem. 2013 Jul 25;56(14):5979-83.

[2]. Preclinical optimization of MDM2 antagonist scheduling for cancer treatment by using a model-based approach. Clin Cancer Res. 2014, 20(14), 3742-3752.

[3]. Phase I study of daily and weekly regimens of the orally administered MDM2 antagonist idasanutlin in patients with advanced tumors. Invest New Drugs . 2021 Dec;39(6):1587-1597. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34180037/

Idasanutlin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Neoplasms, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Recurrent Plasma Cell Myeloma, and Neoplasms, Leukemia, Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
Idasanutlin is an orally available, small molecule, antagonist of MDM2 (mouse double minute 2; Mdm2 p53 binding protein homolog), with potential antineoplastic activity. Idasanutlin binds to MDM2 blocking the interaction between the MDM2 protein and the transcriptional activation domain of the tumor suppressor protein p53. By preventing the MDM2-p53 interaction, p53 is not enzymatically degraded and the transcriptional activity of p53 is restored. This may lead to p53-mediated induction of tumor cell apoptosis. MDM2, a zinc finger nuclear phosphoprotein and negative regulator of the p53 pathway, is often overexpressed in cancer cells and has been implicated in cancer cell proliferation and survival.

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Drug Indication
Treatment of all conditions included in the category of malignant neoplasms (except nervous system, haematopoietic and lymphoid tissue)
Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia

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Restoration of p53 activity by inhibition of the p53-MDM2 interaction has been considered an attractive approach for cancer treatment. However, the hydrophobic protein-protein interaction surface represents a significant challenge for the development of small-molecule inhibitors with desirable pharmacological profiles. RG7112 was the first small-molecule p53-MDM2 inhibitor in clinical development. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of a second generation clinical MDM2 inhibitor, RG7388, with superior potency and selectivity.[1]

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Purpose: Antitumor clinical activity has been demonstrated for the MDM2 antagonist RG7112, but patient tolerability for the necessary daily dosing was poor. Here, utilizing RG7388, a second-generation nutlin with superior selectivity and potency, we determine the feasibility of intermittent dosing to guide the selection of initial phase I scheduling regimens. Experimental design: A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) model was developed on the basis of preclinical data to determine alternative dosing schedule requirements for optimal RG7388-induced antitumor activity. This PKPD model was used to investigate the pharmacokinetics of RG7388 linked to the time-course of the antitumor effect in an osteosarcoma xenograft model in mice. These data were used to prospectively predict intermittent and continuous dosing regimens, resulting in tumor stasis in the same model system. Results: RG7388-induced apoptosis was delayed relative to drug exposure with continuous treatment not required. In initial efficacy testing, daily dosing at 30 mg/kg and twice a week dosing at 50 mg/kg of RG7388 were statistically equivalent in our tumor model. In addition, weekly dosing of 50 mg/kg was equivalent to 10 mg/kg given daily. The implementation of modeling and simulation on these data suggested several possible intermittent clinical dosing schedules. Further preclinical analyses confirmed these schedules as viable options. Conclusion: Besides chronic administration, antitumor activity can be achieved with intermittent schedules of RG7388, as predicted through modeling and simulation. These alternative regimens may potentially ameliorate tolerability issues seen with chronic administration of RG7112, while providing clinical benefit. Thus, both weekly (qw) and daily for five days (5 d on/23 off, qd) schedules were selected for RG7388 clinical testing.[2]

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Aim The oral MDM2 antagonist idasanutlin inhibits the p53-MDM2 interaction, enabling p53 activation, tumor growth inhibition, and increased survival in xenograft models. Methods We conducted a Phase I study of idasanutlin (microprecipitate bulk powder formulation) to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, food effect, and clinical activity in patients with advanced malignancies. Schedules investigated were once weekly for 3 weeks (QW × 3), once daily for 3 days (QD × 3), or QD × 5 every 28 days. We also analyzed p53 activation and the anti-proliferative effects of idasanutlin. Results The dose-escalation phase included 85 patients (QW × 3, n = 36; QD × 3, n = 15; QD × 5, n = 34). Daily MTD was 3200 mg (QW × 3), 1000 mg (QD × 3), and 500 mg (QD × 5). Most common adverse events were diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, decreased appetite, and thrombocytopenia. Dose-limiting toxicities were nausea/vomiting and myelosuppression; myelosuppression was more frequent with QD dosing and associated with pharmacokinetic exposure. Idasanutlin exposure was approximately dose proportional at low doses, but less than dose proportional at > 600 mg. Although inter-patient variability in exposure was high with all regimens, cumulative idasanutlin exposure over the whole 28-day cycle was greatest with a QD × 5 regimen. No major food effect on pharmacokinetic exposure occurred. MIC-1 levels were higher with QD dosing, increasing in an exposure-dependent manner. Best response was stable disease in 30.6% of patients, prolonged (> 600 days) in 2 patients with sarcoma. Conclusions Idasanutlin demonstrated dose- and schedule-dependent p53 activation with durable disease stabilization in some patients. Based on these findings, the QD × 5 schedule was selected for further development. [3]

C31H29CL2F2N3O4

616.48

615.15

C, 60.40; H, 4.74; Cl, 11.50; F, 6.16; N, 6.82; O, 10.38

Idasanutlin;1229705-06-9

118703721

Typically exists as solid at room temperature

7.1

114.94

3

8

8

42

1040

4

TVTXCJFHQKSQQM-LJQIRTBHSA-N

InChI=1S/C31H29Cl2F2N3O4/c1-30(2,3)14-24-31(15-36,19-10-9-17(32)13-21(19)34)25(18-6-5-7-20(33)26(18)35)27(38-24)28(39)37-22-11-8-16(29(40)41)12-23(22)42-4/h5-13,24-25,27,38H,14H2,1-4H3,(H,37,39)(H,40,41)/t24-,25-,27+,31-/m0/s1

4-[[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-4-cyano-5-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-methoxybenzoic acid

Idasanutlin (enantiomer); RG7388 (enantiomer); IDASANUTLIN ENANTIOMER; 4-((2S,3R,4S,5R)-3-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-4-cyano-5-neopentylpyrrolidine-2-carboxaMido)-3-Methoxybenzoic acid;

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

注意: 如下所列的是一些常用的体内动物实验溶解配方，主要用于溶解难溶或不溶于水的产品（水溶度<1 mg/mL）。 建议您先取少量样品进行尝试，如该配方可行，再根据实验需求增加样品量。

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注射用配方1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*生理盐水/Saline的制备：将0.9g氯化钠/NaCl溶解在100 mL ddH ₂ O中，得到澄清溶液。
注射用配方 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
注射用配方 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
示例: 以注射用配方 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) 为例说明, 如果要配制 1 mL 2.5 mg/mL的工作液, 您可以取 100 μL 25 mg/mL 澄清的 DMSO 储备液，加到 900 μL Corn oil/玉米油中, 混合均匀。

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注射用配方 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline = 10 : 90 [如：100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)]
*20% SBE-β-CD in Saline的制备（4°C，储存1周）：将2g SBE-β-CD (磺丁基-β-环糊精) 溶解于10mL生理盐水中，得到澄清溶液。
注射用配方 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (如： 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (羟丙基环胡精)→ 500 μL Saline)
注射用配方 6: DMSO : PEG300 : Castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (如： 50 μL DMSO → 100 μL PEG300 → 200 μL Castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
注射用配方 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (如： 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
注射用配方 8: 溶解于Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), 然后用生理盐水稀释。
注射用配方 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如： 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
注射用配方 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如： 100 μL EtOH → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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口服配方 1: 悬浮于0.5% CMC Na (羧甲基纤维素钠)
口服配方 2: 悬浮于0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
示例: 以口服配方 1 (悬浮于 0.5% CMC Na)为例说明, 如果要配制 100 mL 2.5 mg/mL 的工作液, 您可以先取0.5g CMC Na并将其溶解于100mL ddH2O中，得到0.5%CMC-Na澄清溶液；然后将250 mg待测化合物加到100 mL前述 0.5%CMC Na溶液中，得到悬浮液。

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口服配方 3: 溶解于 PEG400 (聚乙二醇400)
口服配方 4: 悬浮于0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
口服配方 5: 溶解于0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
口服配方 6: 做成粉末与食物混合

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注意: 以上为较为常见方法，仅供参考， InvivoChem并未独立验证这些配方的准确性。具体溶剂的选择首先应参照文献已报道溶解方法、配方或剂型，对于某些尚未有文献报道溶解方法的化合物，需通过前期实验来确定（建议先取少量样品进行尝试），包括产品的溶解情况、梯度设置、动物的耐受性等。

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请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出，可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果，工作液请现配现用！
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。