Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), GLP-1 receptor[1]

在减肥和血糖控制方面，替西帕肽（LY3298176）的疗效明显高于杜拉鲁肽[1]。替西帕肽是GIPR和GLP-1R的不平衡激动剂，并且在GLP-1R处显示有偏向的信号传导。替西帕肽与GLP-1R不同地诱导GIPR的内化。[2].

Tirzepatide (LY3298176) 在血糖控制和体重减轻方面显示出比度拉鲁肽更好的功效[1]。通过对小鼠的长期给药，LY3298176有效地降低了体重和食物摄入量；这些作用明显大于GLP-1受体激动剂的作用。[3] 替西帕肽显著改善糖尿病大鼠受损的糖耐量、空腹血糖水平和胰岛素水平。然后，替西帕肽显著减轻了糖尿病海马的空间学习和记忆障碍，抑制了Aβ的积累，防止了结构损伤，促进了突触蛋白的合成，并增加了树突棘的形成。此外，在糖尿病大鼠接受替西帕肽治疗后，与炎症信号通路有关的信号分子的一些异常变化被正常化。最后，替西帕肽恢复了PI3K/Akt/GSK3β信号通路。[4]

与人GLP-1（7-36）NH2、GIP（1-42）、替西帕肽和赛马鲁肽的竞争结合基本上如同源竞争所述进行，不同之处在于测定缓冲液为1.0mM MgCl2、2.5mM CaCl2、0.003%w/v Tween-20、0.1%w/v杆菌肽在25mM HEPES中的最终浓度，pH 7.4，每50mL缓冲液加入一片完全不含EDTA的蛋白酶抑制剂片剂。使用GraphPad Prism 7软件，通过使用结合的量与添加的竞争同源肽的浓度的非线性回归分析来确定与GLP-1R和GIPR膜结合的[125I]GLP-1（7-36）NH2或[125I]GIP（1-42）的Bmax值。Bmax用于计算每个细胞的受体数量。对于竞争肽，Ki值通过非线性回归分析确定，使用结合的[125I]GLP-1（7-36）NH2或[125I]GIP（1-42）的量与所添加的肽的浓度。[2]

将稳定表达HA-GIPR-EFGP或HA–GLP-1R–EFGP克隆的HEK293细胞接种到聚-D-赖氨酸包被的96孔微孔板中，并培养直到细胞达到80%-90%的融合度。在测定当天，去除生长培养基，用预热的饥饿培养基（不含血清或抗生素的生长培养基、补充0.1%酪蛋白）冲洗细胞一次，并用新鲜培养基在37°C、5%CO2下平衡1小时。在预热的饥饿培养基中制备GLP-1、GIP和替西帕肽的浓度响应曲线，添加到细胞中指定时间，并在37°C下孵育。研究结束时，取出培养基，将细胞置于冰上，并用Prefer固定剂（Anatech）固定10分钟。去除固定剂，在PBS中洗涤细胞，并用Odyssey封闭缓冲液（Licor）封闭1小时。将细胞与抗HA/DyLight800抗体（1:700）（Rockland Immunocchemicals，600-445-384）孵育1小时，然后用PBS-T洗涤。使用带有800nm通道激光的Licor Clx扫描仪扫描板以捕获每个孔中的荧光信号。将数据标准化为GLP-1或GIP的最大浓度（100%）和无配体（0%），并通过非线性回归（S型浓度响应）进行分析，并使用GraphPad Prism 7软件绘制。[2]

High fat diet and streptozotocin injection-induced diabetic rats were injected intraperitoneally with Tirzepatide (1.35 mg/kg) once a week. The protective effects were assessed using the Morris water maze test, immunofluorescence, and Western blot analysis. Golgi staining was adopted for quantified dendritic spines.[4]
Male Sprague Dawley rats weighing between 180 and 200 g (aged 7–8 weeks) were raised in Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) conditions with a light/dark cycle of 12 h/12 h and temperature–humidity (22°C ± 1°C, 50% ± 10%) controlled. All procedures were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China (IACUC Number: 2021-03-003). Animal care and handling were performed according to the Declaration of management of laboratory animals regarding the care and use of laboratory animals. After 2 weeks adaptation with normal diet, a total of 32 rats were fed with HF diet (67.5% standard laboratory rat chow, 20% sugar, 10% lard, 2% cholesterol and 0.5% bile salts), while 24 rats were raised by standard chow. According to our previous study, 35 mg/kg STZ was injected by intraperitoneal injection in the rats of HF diet group, whereas normal group were injected with citrate buffer only. After 2 weeks feeding, 31 rats with a fasting blood glucose levels reaching 11.0 mmol/L were randomly divided into two experimental groups as follows: diabetes mellitus group (DM), DM + Tirzepatide group (Tirzepatide, 1.35 mg/kg, once a week). At the same time, 24 rats of standard chow group were randomly divided into control group (Con) and Con + Tirzepatide group (Tirzepatide, 1.35 mg/kg, once a week). All drugs were prepared preserving more than 1 year under given conditions avoiding degradation. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed on the 13th week. Behavioral test was conducted before the sacrificed week. Fasting blood glucose and body weight were measured weekly until the sacrificed week. In the 15th week, all rats were sacrificed and collected samples which were executed follow-up experiments. A timeline of experimental procedure is presented in Figure 1A.[4]

[1]. Efficacy and safety of LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, placebo-controlled and active comparator-controlled phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2018 Nov 17;392(10160):2180-2193.
[2]. Tirzepatide is an imbalanced and biased dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist. JCI Insight. 2020 Sep 3; 5(17): e140532.
[3]. LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: From discovery to clinical proof of concept. Mol Metab. 2018 Dec:18:3-14.
[4]. Tirzepatide ameliorates spatial learning and memory impairment through modulation of aberrant insulin resistance and inflammation response in diabetic rats. Front Pharmacol. 2023 Aug 28;14:1146960.

C227H349F3N48O70

4927.47

Tirzepatide;2023788-19-2;Tirzepatide hydrochloride;13C,15N Tirzepatide

Tyr-{Aib}-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Ile-{Aib}-Leu-Asp-Lys-Ile-Ala-Gln-{C20 diacid-gamma-Glu-(AEEA)2-Lys}-Ala-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-NH2

Y-{Aib}-EGTFTSDYSI-{Aib}-LDKIAQ-{C20 diacid-gamma-Glu-(AEEA)2-Lys}-AFVQWLIAGGPSSGAPPPS-NH2

White to off-white solid

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

注意： 请将本产品存放在密封且受保护的环境中，避免吸湿/受潮。

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Typically soluble in DMSO

Note: 如何溶解多肽产品？请参考本产品网页右上角“产品说明书“文件，第4页。

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注意: 如下所列的是一些常用的体内动物实验溶解配方，主要用于溶解难溶或不溶于水的产品（水溶度<1 mg/mL）。 建议您先取少量样品进行尝试，如该配方可行，再根据实验需求增加样品量。

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注射用配方1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*生理盐水/Saline的制备：将0.9g氯化钠/NaCl溶解在100 mL ddH ₂ O中，得到澄清溶液。
注射用配方 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
注射用配方 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
示例: 以注射用配方 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) 为例说明, 如果要配制 1 mL 2.5 mg/mL的工作液, 您可以取 100 μL 25 mg/mL 澄清的 DMSO 储备液，加到 900 μL Corn oil/玉米油中, 混合均匀。

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注射用配方 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline = 10 : 90 [如：100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)]
*20% SBE-β-CD in Saline的制备（4°C，储存1周）：将2g SBE-β-CD (磺丁基-β-环糊精) 溶解于10mL生理盐水中，得到澄清溶液。
注射用配方 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (如： 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (羟丙基环胡精)→ 500 μL Saline)
注射用配方 6: DMSO : PEG300 : Castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (如： 50 μL DMSO → 100 μL PEG300 → 200 μL Castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
注射用配方 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (如： 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
注射用配方 8: 溶解于Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), 然后用生理盐水稀释。
注射用配方 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如： 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
注射用配方 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如： 100 μL EtOH → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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口服配方 1: 悬浮于0.5% CMC Na (羧甲基纤维素钠)
口服配方 2: 悬浮于0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
示例: 以口服配方 1 (悬浮于 0.5% CMC Na)为例说明, 如果要配制 100 mL 2.5 mg/mL 的工作液, 您可以先取0.5g CMC Na并将其溶解于100mL ddH2O中，得到0.5%CMC-Na澄清溶液；然后将250 mg待测化合物加到100 mL前述 0.5%CMC Na溶液中，得到悬浮液。

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口服配方 3: 溶解于 PEG400 (聚乙二醇400)
口服配方 4: 悬浮于0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
口服配方 5: 溶解于0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
口服配方 6: 做成粉末与食物混合

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注意: 以上为较为常见方法，仅供参考， InvivoChem并未独立验证这些配方的准确性。具体溶剂的选择首先应参照文献已报道溶解方法、配方或剂型，对于某些尚未有文献报道溶解方法的化合物，需通过前期实验来确定（建议先取少量样品进行尝试），包括产品的溶解情况、梯度设置、动物的耐受性等。

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请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出，可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果，工作液请现配现用！
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。