MCHR1/melanin-concentrating hormonereceptor1 (Ki= 2.2 nM; Kd=530 pM)

本研究描述了放射自显影分析的优化，该分析提供了一种方法来测量黑色素浓缩激素受体1 （MCH(1)）拮抗剂在天然组织中的体外效力及其体外受体占用率。初步定位研究表明，MCH(1)受体放射配体[(125)I]-S36057与大鼠尾状壳核结合，特异性结合率始终为60%。在体外实验中，MCH(1)受体拮抗剂GW3430、 nap -94847和4'-{[1-（环丙基甲基）哌啶-4-酰基][5-氟-6-（三氟甲基）- 1h -苯并咪唑-2-基]甲基}联苯-3-碳腈（简称化合物A）对[(125)I]- s36057的特异性结合表现出浓度依赖性的抑制作用，亲和程度顺序为 nap -94847>Compound A>GW3430。[4]

SNAP 94847（口服管饲；20 mg/kg；14 天）显示对急性喹吡罗的过度运动反应[治疗：F(2,19)=11.31，治疗×时间：F(34,323) = 4.061]，SNAP 94847 的效果在整个观察期间，与未治疗的动物相比，喹吡罗诱导的活性显着[2]。与未处理的动物相比，饮用水中的 SNAP 94847（口服；20 mg/kg；21 天）显着增加了活动能力 [处理：F(3,28) = 8.971；治疗×时间：F(51,476)=11.50]。结果表明，SNAP 94847 治疗组在 40 分钟后明显增加了运动量，并且这种效果在 180 分钟时仍然显着 [2]。 SNAP 94847（口服；10 mg/kg）具有良好的生物利用度（59%），血浆和血液清除率分别较低，分别为 4.2 L/hr/kg 和 3.3 L/hr/kg，半衰期如 PK 所示研究显示，大鼠的作用持续时间为5.2小时[3]。

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黑色素浓缩激素（Melanin-concentrating hormone， MCH）是一种下丘脑神经肽，在调节食物摄入和情绪中起作用。在啮齿动物中，MCH的作用是通过MCHR1受体介导的。本研究的目的是研究急性（1小时）和慢性（28天）p.o.给药一种新型MCHR1拮抗剂N-[3-（1-{[4-（3,4-二氟苯氧基）-苯基]甲基}（4-哌啶基）-4-甲基苯基]-2-甲基丙酰胺(SNAP-94847）对三种预测抗抑郁/抗焦虑样活性的小鼠模型的影响：129S6/SvEvTac小鼠的新颖抑制喂养（NSF）和BALB/cJ小鼠的光/暗范式（L/D）和强迫游泳试验（FST）。急性和慢性治疗SNAP-94847时，观察到L/D盒光室的时间显著增加。在急性和慢性治疗后，NSF测试中发现了抗焦虑/抗抑郁样作用，而在FST中没有观察到任何作用。由于在NSF试验中，齿状回的神经发生已被证明是抗抑郁药作用的必要条件，因此我们研究了SNAP-94847的作用是否需要神经发生。我们发现，用SNAP-94847进行慢性治疗可以刺激齿状回中祖细胞的增殖。然而，在x射线照射抑制神经发生的小鼠中，SNAP 94847在NSF试验中的功效没有改变。这些结果表明，SNAP-94847在急性和慢性给药后都具有独特的抗焦虑样特征，其作用机制与选择性5 -羟色胺再摄取抑制剂和三环抗抑郁药不同。[1]

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全身注射SNAP 94847可降低食物增强的操作反应和mch诱导的寻找食物的恢复。SNAP-94847对颗粒启动、cue或育因宾诱导的恢复无影响。 结论：结果表明，MCH1受体参与食物强化的操作性反应，但不参与急性暴露于高脂肪食物、食物线索或育亨宾诱导的应激样状态诱导的恢复。这些结果表明，不同的机制介导食物增强的操作性反应和食物寻找的恢复。［2］

Competition binding studies [4]
在尾状壳核水平的冠状切片被用于竞争结合研究。简单地说，在预孵育之后，将切片用50 pM [125I]-S36057孵育，在0.01 nM-10 μM范围内存在MCH1受体拮抗剂（GW3430, snap94847 或化合物a）；如前所述，全部溶解并稀释在100% DMSO中，并添加到实验缓冲液中，使DMSO的最终浓度恒定在1%。非特异性结合用1 μM MCH定义。

Animal/Disease Models: Rat[2]
Doses: 20 mg/kg
Route of Administration: Oral; 20 mg/kg; 14 days
Experimental Results: demonstrated excessive locomotor response to acute quinpirole.

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Animal/Disease Models: Rat (PK study) [3]
Doses: 10 mg/kg
Route of Administration: po (oral gavage); 10 mg/kg
Experimental Results: It demonstrated good physical and chemical properties in rats.

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SNAP-94847 (3, 10, 15, and 30 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)) was dissolved in 20% 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (encapsin) and yohimbine (2 mg/kg, i.p.) was dissolved in sterile water. [2]
Experiment 1: Effect of SNAP-94847 on food-reinforced operant responding [2]
We initially studied the effect of systemic injections of SNAP-94847 on ongoing food-reinforced responding. For 14 days, the rats (n=12) were given one 3-h training session as described above. We then assessed the effect of SNAP-94847 on lever presses for the pellets in four 3-h tests that were conducted every 48 h. We used a within-subjects experimental design with the factors of SNAP-94847 dose (vehicle, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg) and session hour (hours 1, 2, and 3). Each rat was injected with vehicle or one of the doses of SNAP 94847, in a counterbalanced order. SNAP 94847 or its vehicle was injected 60 min prior to the test sessions because previous studies have demonstrated that SNAP-94847 doses of up to 30 mg/kg achieve significant brain penetration by 60 min (DGS unpublished data and Chen et al. 2007).

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Experiment 2: Effect of SNAP-94847 on MCH-induced reinstatement of food seeking [2]
To determine the effect of SNAP-94847 on MCH-induced reinstatement of food seeking, we initially assessed the effect of MCH on this reinstatement. Following our experiment on the effect of systemic injections of SNAP 94847 on food-reinforced responding, we implanted the rats with a guide cannula into the lateral ventricle. After a postoperative recovery period of 5 days, the rats were retrained to lever press for the high-fat food pellets for 3 days and the lever pressing response was extinguished in 13 daily extinction sessions. The rats (n=12) were injected with vehicle or MCH (2.5, 5, 10, and 20μg, i.c.v.) in five test sessions, every 48 h, in an ascending order of MCH dose, with extinction sessions on the intervening days. We used a within-subjects experimental design with the factors of MCH dose (vehicle, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20μg) and session hour.

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In a different group of rats (n=10), we examined the effect of SNAP-94847 (30 mg/kg, i.p.) on MCH-induced (20μg) reinstatement. We used a within-subjects experimental design with the within-subjects factors of pretreatment condition (0 or 30 mg/kg SNAP 94847), MCH dose (0, 20μg), and session hour. On test days that were separated by 24–72 h, each rat was injected systemically with SNAP-94847 (30 mg/kg) or its vehicle 60 min before the test sessions and then injected with MCH or its vehicle 8–12 min before the sessions; the injections of MCH and its vehicle and SNAP 94847 and its vehicle were counterbalanced.

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Experiment 3: Effect of SNAP SNAP-94847 on yohimbine-, pellet-priming-, and cue-induced reinstatement of food seeking [2]
Pellet-priming-induced reinstatement We tested the effect of SNAP-94847 on pellet-priming-induced reinstatement in four 3-h test sessions with two sessions run consecutively and one extinction day between the two sets of tests. During the test sessions, three food pellets were administered noncontingently within the first minute of the session (i.e., one pellet delivered every 20 s). We used a mixed experimental design that included the between-subject factor of SNAP dose (15 or 30 mg/kg, n=10 in each group) and the within-subjects factors of pretreatment condition (0 and SNAP-94847 [15 or 30 mg/kg]), priming condition (pellet, no pellet), and session hour. On test days that were separated by 24–72 h, each rat was injected systemically with the SNAP-94847 vehicle or one of the SNAP-94847 doses (15 or 30 mg/kg) 60 min before the test sessions and then exposed to the priming condition (three pellets or no pellets); the injections of SNAP 94847 and its vehicle and the priming conditions were counterbalanced.

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Cue-induced reinstatement [2]
As mentioned above, during the training phase, each pellet delivery was paired with a tone–light cue (cue); this cue was not presented during the extinction phase after lever pressing. During the tests for reinstatement, lever responding led to contingent presentations of the cue under the fixed-ratio 1 20-s timeout reinforcement schedule. We tested the effect of SNAP-94847 on cue-induced reinstatement in a total of four test sessions with two sessions run consecutively and five extinction days between test sets. We conducted five extinction days between sets of tests in accordance with previous experiments demonstrating that this procedure minimizes habituation to the presentation of conditioned cues (unpublished data and Bossert et al. 2006; Ghitza et al. 2007). We used a mixed design with between-subject factor of SNAP dose (15 or 30 mg/kg, n=8 in the 15 mg/kg group and n=10 in the 30 mg/kg group) and the within-subjects factors of pretreatment condition (0 and SNAP-94847 [15 or 30 mg/kg]), cue (cue, no cue), and session hour.

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Yohimbine-induced reinstatement [2]
We tested the effect of SNAP-94847 on yohimbine-induced reinstatement in four test sessions with two sessions run consecutively and one extinction day between sets of tests. We used a mixed experimental design that included the between-subject factor of SNAP dose (15 or 30 mg/kg, n=12 in the 15 mg/kg group and n=19 in the 30 mg/kg group) and the within-subjects factors of pretreatment condition (0 and SNAP-94847 [15 or 30 mg/kg]), yohimbine dose (0 or 2 mg/kg), and session hour. Ten rats each in the 15- and 30-mg/kg SNAP-94847 dose were rats previously tested for the effect of SNAP 94847 on pellet-priming-induced reinstatement. These rats were given 2 days of extinction prior to tests for yohimbine-induced reinstatement. On the test days that were separated by 24–72 h, each rat was injected systemically with the SNAP 94847 vehicle or one of the SNAP 94847 doses (15 or 30 mg/kg) 60 min before the test sessions and then injected with yohimbine 15 min later (i.e., 45 min prior to the test session); the injections of SNAP 94847 or its vehicle and yohimbine or its vehicle were counterbalanced.

[1]. Efficacy of the MCHR1 antagonist N-[3-(1-{[4-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)phenyl]methyl}(4-piperidyl))-4-methylphenyl]-2-methylpropanamide (SNAP 94847) in mouse models of anxiety and depression following acute and chronic administration is independent of hippocampal neurogenesis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 Apr;321(1):237-48. Epub 2007 Jan 19.

[2]. Effects of the MCH1 receptor antagonist SNAP 94847 on high-fat food-reinforced operant responding and reinstatement of food seeking in rats.Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2009 Jul;205(1):129-40.

[3]. Synthesis and SAR investigations for novel melanin-concentrating hormone 1 receptor (MCH1) antagonists part 2: A hybrid strategy combining key fragments of HTS hits.J Med Chem. 2007 Aug 9;50(16):3883-90.

[4]. Localisation of melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 in rat brain and evidence that sleep parameters are not altered despite high central receptor occupancy. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 Aug 15;616(1-3):101-6.

Rationale and objectives: The melanin-concentrating hormone 1 (MCH1) receptors play an important role in home-cage food consumption in rodents, but their role in operant high-fat food-reinforced responding or reinstatement of food seeking in animal models is unknown. Here, we used the MCH1 receptor antagonist SNAP 94847 to explore these questions. Materials and methods: In experiment 1, we trained food-restricted rats (16 g/day of nutritionally balanced rodent diet) to lever press for high-fat (35%) pellets (3-h/day, every other day) for 14 sessions. We then tested the effect of SNAP 94847 (3-30 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)) on food-reinforced operant responding. In experiments 2 and 3, we trained rats to lever press for the food pellets (9 to 14 3-h sessions) and subsequently extinguished the food-reinforced lever responding by removing the food (10 to 17 sessions). We then tested the effect of SNAP 94847 on reinstatement of food seeking induced by MCH (20 microg, intracerebroventricular), noncontingent delivery of three pellets during the first minute of the test session (pellet-priming), contingent tone-light cues previously associated with pellet delivery (cue), or the pharmacological stressor yohimbine (2 mg/kg, i.p.). [2]

C29H33CLF2N2O2

478.58

514.22

C, 72.78; H, 6.74; F, 7.94; N, 5.85; O, 6.69

487051-12-7

SNAP 94847 hydrochloride;1781934-47-1

16756754

Typically exists as solid at room temperature

8.429

45.06

1

5

7

35

661

0

CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)NC(=O)C(C)C)C2CCN(CC2)CC3=CC=C(C=C3)OC4=CC(=C(C=C4)F)F

VMLZFUVIKCGATC-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C29H32F2N2O2/c1-19(2)29(34)32-23-7-4-20(3)26(16-23)22-12-14-33(15-13-22)18-21-5-8-24(9-6-21)35-25-10-11-27(30)28(31)17-25/h4-11,16-17,19,22H,12-15,18H2,1-3H3,(H,32,34)

N-[3-[1-[[4-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)phenyl]methyl]piperidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-methylpropanamide

SNAP-94847; SNAP94847; SNAP-94847; 487051-12-7; SNAP 94847; N-(3-{1-[4-(3,4-DIFLUOROPHENOXY)BENZYL]-4-PIPERIDINYL}-4-METHYLPHENYL)-2-METHYLPROPANAMIDE; CHEMBL242004; N-(3-(1-(4-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)benzyl)piperidin-4-yl)-4-methylphenyl)isobutyramide; N-[3-[1-[[4-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)phenyl]methyl]piperidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl]-2-methylpropanamide; SNAP 94847

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

注意: 如下所列的是一些常用的体内动物实验溶解配方，主要用于溶解难溶或不溶于水的产品（水溶度<1 mg/mL）。 建议您先取少量样品进行尝试，如该配方可行，再根据实验需求增加样品量。

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注射用配方1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*生理盐水/Saline的制备：将0.9g氯化钠/NaCl溶解在100 mL ddH ₂ O中，得到澄清溶液。
注射用配方 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
注射用配方 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
示例: 以注射用配方 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) 为例说明, 如果要配制 1 mL 2.5 mg/mL的工作液, 您可以取 100 μL 25 mg/mL 澄清的 DMSO 储备液，加到 900 μL Corn oil/玉米油中, 混合均匀。

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注射用配方 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline = 10 : 90 [如：100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)]
*20% SBE-β-CD in Saline的制备（4°C，储存1周）：将2g SBE-β-CD (磺丁基-β-环糊精) 溶解于10mL生理盐水中，得到澄清溶液。
注射用配方 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (如： 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (羟丙基环胡精)→ 500 μL Saline)
注射用配方 6: DMSO : PEG300 : Castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (如： 50 μL DMSO → 100 μL PEG300 → 200 μL Castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
注射用配方 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (如： 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
注射用配方 8: 溶解于Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), 然后用生理盐水稀释。
注射用配方 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如： 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
注射用配方 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如： 100 μL EtOH → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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口服配方 1: 悬浮于0.5% CMC Na (羧甲基纤维素钠)
口服配方 2: 悬浮于0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
示例: 以口服配方 1 (悬浮于 0.5% CMC Na)为例说明, 如果要配制 100 mL 2.5 mg/mL 的工作液, 您可以先取0.5g CMC Na并将其溶解于100mL ddH2O中，得到0.5%CMC-Na澄清溶液；然后将250 mg待测化合物加到100 mL前述 0.5%CMC Na溶液中，得到悬浮液。

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口服配方 3: 溶解于 PEG400 (聚乙二醇400)
口服配方 4: 悬浮于0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
口服配方 5: 溶解于0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
口服配方 6: 做成粉末与食物混合

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注意: 以上为较为常见方法，仅供参考， InvivoChem并未独立验证这些配方的准确性。具体溶剂的选择首先应参照文献已报道溶解方法、配方或剂型，对于某些尚未有文献报道溶解方法的化合物，需通过前期实验来确定（建议先取少量样品进行尝试），包括产品的溶解情况、梯度设置、动物的耐受性等。

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请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
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