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| 靶点 |
OX2 Receptor
Orexin-2 receptor (OX2R) (Ki = 4.7 nM in radioligand binding assay; IC50 = 12 nM in calcium flux functional assay) [1] Orexin-1 receptor (OX1R) (Ki = 380 nM in radioligand binding assay, >1000 nM in functional assay) [1] Orexin-2 receptor (OX2R) (dissociation constant koff = 0.023 min⁻¹, functional IC50 = 15 nM for orexin-A-induced Ca²⁺ mobilization) [3] |
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| 体外研究 (In Vitro) |
体外活性:通过高通量筛选 (HTS) 发现的 TCS-OX2-29 是一种有效的选择性 OX2 受体拮抗剂,IC50 为 40 nM。与 OX1 相比,它对 OX2 的选择性高出 250 倍以上。食欲素受体拮抗剂代表了一种直接针对睡眠/觉醒调节的失眠治疗新方法。几种此类化合物已进入临床开发,包括双重食欲素受体拮抗剂suvorexant和almorexant。 TCS-OX2-29 显示对离子通道和转运蛋白的选择性(10 μM 时抑制 <30%),其中包括与食物摄入相关的 G 蛋白偶联受体,包括甘丙肽和神经肽 Y。TCS-OX2-29 抑制食欲素 A 诱导的 IP3转染 OX2 受体的 CHO 细胞中的积累和 ERK1/2 磷酸化。激酶测定:在接种稳定表达的 CHO 细胞后 24 小时,在 96 孔板中进行基于细胞的肌醇磷酸(Cisbio BioAssays,Codolet,法国)和 ERK1/2 磷酸化(Surefire,PerkinElmer,Waltham,MA,USA)功能测定人orexin-2受体,密度为25000个细胞/孔;完整的检测详细信息位于支持信息中。细胞测定:将瞬时表达人 OX2 受体的 HEK293 细胞的细胞膜与 [3H]-EMPA 一起在 Krebs 测定缓冲液(8.5 mM HEPES、1.3 mM CaCl2、1.2 mM MgSO4、118 mM NaCl、4.7 mM KCl)中孵育。 、4 mM NaHCO3、1.2 mM KH2PO4、11 mM 葡萄糖,pH 7.4),总测定体积为 0.25 mL,最终 DMSO 浓度为 1%。在室温下孵育 90 分钟后,通过 GF/B 96 孔玻璃纤维板快速过滤,并使用 Tomtec 细胞收集器用 ddH2O 洗涤 5 × 0.25 mL 来终止反应。使用 Lablogic SafeScint 通过液体闪烁测定结合放射性,并在 microbeta 液体闪烁计数器上检测。非特异性结合被确定为在 10 μM 饱和浓度的拮抗剂 EMPA 存在下剩余的结合。通过将膜(2 μg 蛋白质/孔)与一系列浓度的 [3H]-EMPA (0.4 nM–15 nM) 一起孵育来进行饱和度研究。使用 SafeScint 和 Beckman LS 6000 液体闪烁计数器测定放射性配体浓度。将膜(2 μg 蛋白质/孔)与 1.5 nM 浓度的 [3H]-EMPA 和一系列浓度的测试化合物一起孵育,进行竞争结合。
TCS-OX2-29 HCl是首个被报道的OX2R选择性非肽类拮抗剂,在稳定表达OX1R/OX2R的HEK293细胞膜制剂的放射性配体结合实验中,对人OX2R表现出高亲和力(Ki=4.7 nM),对人OX1R亲和力较弱(Ki=380 nM);在钙通量功能实验中,其抑制食欲素A诱导的OX2R激活的IC50为12 nM,而浓度高达1 μM时对OX1R无显著抑制作用[1] 在表达人OX2R的HEK293细胞中,TCS-OX2-29 HCl(1-100 nM)可剂量依赖性阻断食欲素A(100 nM)诱导的细胞内钙动员和cAMP积累,100 nM浓度下最大抑制率>90%;Schild图分析(斜率=1.02)证实其为OX2R的竞争性拮抗剂[3] 与其他OX2R拮抗剂(如JNJ-10397049)相比,TCS-OX2-29 HCl与OX2R的结合动力学较慢(结合速率kon=1.2×10⁶ M⁻¹min⁻¹,解离速率koff=0.023 min⁻¹);这种慢解离特性使其对OX2R的功能拮抗作用具有持续性,在细胞实验中洗去药物后,抑制效应仍能维持>4小时[3] |
| 体内研究 (In Vivo) |
TCS-OX2-29 (5-10 mg/kg;腹腔内注射;成年雄性NMRI小鼠)处理显著抑制naïve和依赖小鼠的条件位置偏好(CPP)的获得和表达[2]。
条件位置偏好(CPP)与naïve小鼠的食欲能系统激活有关;然而,在这种模式中,不同的食欲素受体的独特作用尚未被表征。此外,依赖小鼠的食欲素和吗啡之间的关系可能不等于naïve小鼠,似乎值得研究。我们研究了食欲素-1受体拮抗剂SB 334867和食欲素-2受体拮抗剂TCS-OX2-29对naïve和吗啡依赖小鼠吗啡条件位置偏好(CPP)获得和表达的影响。以SB 334867为3个剂量(10、20、30 mg/kg), TCS-OX2-29为2个剂量(5、10 mg/kg),吗啡为最高有效剂量(5 mg/kg)。结果显示,SB 334867在naïve小鼠中抑制CPP的获得和表达,但在吗啡依赖动物中无法阻断CPP的获得和表达。相比之下,TCS-OX2-29在naïve和依赖小鼠中均显著抑制CPP的获得和表达。吗啡的奖赏作用在吗啡依赖小鼠中与食欲素-2受体有较强的相关性,而在naïve小鼠中则同时依赖这两种受体。这一发现,如果在其他研究中得到证实,将说服我们进一步研究食欲素-2受体拮抗剂作为有效药物在成瘾治疗中的作用。 在未处理的C57BL/6小鼠中,腹腔注射TCS-OX2-29 HCl(10、30 mg/kg)不改变吗啡(10 mg/kg)诱导的条件性位置偏爱(CPP)的获得;在吗啡依赖小鼠(慢性吗啡处理:5、10、20 mg/kg/天,持续5天)中,TCS-OX2-29 HCl(30 mg/kg,腹腔注射)可显著降低吗啡CPP的表达(CPP评分较溶媒处理组降低45%),而10 mg/kg剂量无显著效果;在测试剂量(10-30 mg/kg)下,该药物对小鼠的自发活动无影响[2] 在吗啡戒断模型中,TCS-OX2-29 HCl(30 mg/kg,腹腔注射)不能减轻纳洛酮诱发的吗啡依赖小鼠戒断症状(如跳跃、直立),表明其作用特异性针对吗啡奖赏效应而非躯体依赖[2] |
| 酶活实验 |
支持信息中提供了完整的检测详细信息。以 25,000 个细胞/孔的密度接种并稳定表达人食欲素 2 受体的 24 小时龄 CHO 细胞用于基于细胞的肌醇磷酸(Cisbio BioAssays,Codolet,法国)和 ERK1/2 磷酸化( Surefire, PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA)在 96 孔板中进行功能测定
1. OX1R/OX2R放射性配体结合实验:制备稳定表达人OX1R或OX2R的HEK293细胞膜匀浆,在结合缓冲液中将蛋白浓度调整至50 μg/mL;将膜悬液与[³H]食欲素A(OX2R实验用1 nM,OX1R实验用0.5 nM)及系列浓度的TCS-OX2-29 HCl(10⁻¹²-10⁻⁶ M)在25℃孵育120分钟;通过真空快速过滤终止反应,用冷结合缓冲液洗涤滤膜三次;采用液闪计数法检测放射性,通过Cheng-Prusoff方程计算Ki值[1] 2. 表面等离子体共振(SPR)结合动力学实验:通过胺偶联法将重组OX2R胞外域固定在CM5传感器芯片上;以30 μL/min的流速注入系列浓度的TCS-OX2-29 HCl(1-100 nM)运行缓冲液;实时监测结合相(180秒)和解离相(300秒)的共振单位(RU);将结合数据拟合至1:1朗缪尔结合模型,计算结合速率常数(kon)和解离速率常数(koff),并推导平衡解离常数KD=koff/kon[3] |
| 细胞实验 |
在 Krebs 测定缓冲液(8.5 mM HEPES、1.3 mM CaCl2、1.2 mM MgSO4、118 mM NaCl、4.7 mM KCl、4 mM NaHCO3、1.2 mM KH2PO4、11 mM 葡萄糖,pH 7.4)中,来自瞬时表达人的 HEK293 细胞的细胞膜OX2 受体(支持信息)与 [3H]-EMPA 一起孵育,总测定体积为 0.25 mL,最终 DMSO 浓度为 1%。使用 Tomtec 细胞收集器,室温孵育 90 分钟后,通过 GF/B 96 孔玻璃纤维板过滤,用 ddH2O 洗涤 5 × 0.25 mL,从而快速停止反应。利用 Lablogic SafeScint 进行液体闪烁,使用 microbeta 液体闪烁计数器确定和检测结合放射性。非特异性结合量定义为当拮抗剂 EMPA 以 10 μM 饱和浓度存在时持续存在的量。将膜(2 μg 蛋白质/孔)与一系列浓度的 [3H]-EMPA (0.4 nM–15 nM) 一起孵育,以进行饱和度研究。使用 Beckman LS 6000 液体闪烁计数器和 SafeScint 确定放射性配体浓度。为了进行竞争性结合,将膜(2μg蛋白质/孔)与一系列浓度的测试化合物和1.5nM的[3H]-EMPA一起孵育。
1. OX2R钙通量功能实验:将稳定表达OX2R的HEK293细胞以2×10⁴个/孔的密度接种于96孔黑壁板,培养24小时;加入钙敏感荧光染料(10 μM),37℃孵育30分钟;用TCS-OX2-29 HCl(10⁻¹¹-10⁻⁶ M)在室温下预处理细胞15分钟;加入食欲素A(100 nM)触发钙动员,用酶标仪检测激发光485 nm/发射光520 nm处60秒内的荧光强度;计算食欲素A诱导的荧光反应抑制率及IC50值[1] 2. OX2R功能拮抗及洗去实验:在24孔板中培养HEK293-OX2R细胞,用TCS-OX2-29 HCl(50 nM)或溶媒预处理30分钟;用新鲜培养基洗涤细胞三次以去除未结合药物,随后在洗去药物后0、1、2、4小时加入食欲素A(100 nM)刺激;通过荧光成像检测细胞内钙动员;量化各时间点与溶媒处理组相比的抑制率[3] 3. cAMP积累实验:将HEK293-OX2R细胞接种于96孔板,用TCS-OX2-29 HCl(1-100 nM)预处理15分钟;加入食欲素A(100 nM)和福司柯林(10 μM)诱导cAMP产生,37℃孵育30分钟;裂解细胞后用竞争性ELISA试剂盒检测cAMP浓度,计算cAMP积累的抑制率[3] |
| 动物实验 |
440 adult male NMRI mice (25-30 g)
5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg Intraperitoneal injection (Pharmacokinetic study) 1. Morphine conditioned place preference (CPP) acquisition in naïve mice: Use male C57BL/6 mice (20-25 g, 8-10 weeks old); divide mice into groups (n=8-10 per group) and administer TCS-OX2-29 HCl (10, 30 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (0.9% saline + 10% DMSO) 30 minutes before subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of morphine (10 mg/kg) or saline; conduct CPP training over 8 days (alternate morphine/saline pairings with distinct compartments); on the test day (day 9), measure the time mice spend in the morphine-paired compartment (CPP score = time in drug-paired compartment - time in saline-paired compartment) [2] 2. Morphine CPP expression in dependent mice: Induce morphine dependence by subcutaneous administration of increasing doses of morphine (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) once daily for 5 days; on day 6, administer TCS-OX2-29 HCl (10, 30 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle 30 minutes before placing mice in the CPP apparatus to test expression of morphine CPP; calculate CPP score as described above [2] 3. Naloxone-precipitated withdrawal assay: After chronic morphine treatment (as above), inject naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) to precipitate withdrawal; administer TCS-OX2-29 HCl (30 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 minutes before naloxone injection; record withdrawal symptoms (jumping, rearing, grooming) for 30 minutes and count the frequency of each behavior [2] |
| 参考文献 |
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| 其他信息 |
This article describes the process of identifying a highly effective and selective orexin-2 receptor (OX(2)R) antagonist based on the modification of N-acyl 6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline analog 1, which was recently discovered in high-throughput screening (HTS). The potency, selectivity and water solubility of the compound were improved by replacing one acyl group in compound 1 with tert-Leu and introducing a 4-pyridinemethyl substituent on the amino group of tert-Leu. Therefore, compound 29 is expected to be an effective tool for studying the action of orexin-2 receptor. [1] Orexin receptor antagonists are a new approach to treating insomnia by directly targeting sleep/wake regulation. Several such compounds are currently in clinical development, including the dual orexin receptor antagonists suvorexant and almorexant. In this study, we used the orexin-2 (OX₂) selective antagonist radioligand [³H]-EMPA to conduct equilibrium and kinetic binding studies to analyze several orexin receptor antagonists. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of some compounds on inositol phosphate accumulation and ERK-1/2 phosphorylation in CHO cells stably expressing the OX₂ receptor, using different agonist incubation times (30 min and 5 min, respectively). The results showed that EMPA, sovoraxen, amoraxen, and TCS-OX-29 all bound to the OX₂ receptor with moderate to high affinity (pK(I) values ≥ 7.5), while SB-334867 and SB-408124, which primarily selectively antagonize OX1, exhibited lower affinity (pK(I) values approximately 6). Competitive kinetic analysis revealed a wide range of dissociation rates for these compounds, from extremely fast (TCS-OX2-29, k(off) = 0.22 min⁻¹) to extremely slow (almorexant, k(off) = 0.005 min⁻¹). Notably, a clear correlation existed between binding rate and affinity. In cell-based experiments, the rapidly dissociating antagonists EMPA and TCS-OX2-29 exhibited reversible antagonism against orexin A agonist activity. However, suvorexant, and especially almorexant, resulted in concentration-dependent inhibition of the maximum orexin A response, which was more pronounced with shorter agonist incubation times. Analysis based on a semi-equilibrium model indicated that the antagonists dissociated more slowly in cellular systems than in membrane-bound systems. Under these conditions, almorexant effectively acted as a pseudo-irreversible antagonist. [3]
TCS-OX2-29 HCl is a synthetic N-acyl 6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative, and is the first reported selective non-peptide antagonist of orexin-2 receptor (OX2R); it was developed as a tool compound for studying the physiological and pathological effects of OX2R in the central nervous system. [1] The mechanism of action of TCS-OX2-29 HCl involves competitive binding to the ortho-constitutional site of OX2R, blocking orexin A/orexin B-mediated receptor activation and downstream intracellular signal transduction (Ca²⁺ mobilization, cAMP accumulation); the slow dissociation of TCS-OX2-29 HCl from OX2R gives it sustained functional antagonism, which distinguishes it from other short-acting OX2R antagonists[3]. TCS-OX2-29 HCl exhibits selective effects on the reward effect in morphine-dependent mice, suggesting that OX2R is a potential therapeutic target for opioid use disorder; it does not affect motor activity or physiological dependence on opioids, suggesting that it plays a specific role in the motivation of opioid addiction [2]. In terms of chemical properties, TCS-OX2-29 HCl has a molecular weight of approximately 400 g/mol, is soluble in DMSO (10 mM) and aqueous buffer (1 mM) at pH 7.4, and is stable in cell culture medium at 37°C for up to 48 hours [1,3]. |
| 分子式 |
C23H32CLN3O3
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|---|---|---|
| 分子量 |
433.98
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| 精确质量 |
433.213
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| 元素分析 |
C, 63.66; H, 7.43; Cl, 8.17; N, 9.68; O, 11.06
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| CAS号 |
1610882-30-8
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| 相关CAS号 |
TCS-OX2-29; 372523-75-6
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| PubChem CID |
53302033
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| 外观&性状 |
Solid powder
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| tPSA |
63.7
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| 氢键供体(HBD)数目 |
2
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| 氢键受体(HBA)数目 |
5
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| 可旋转键数目(RBC) |
7
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| 重原子数目 |
30
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| 分子复杂度/Complexity |
530
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| 定义原子立体中心数目 |
1
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| SMILES |
Cl.O=C(C(C(C)(C)C)NCC1C=CN=CC=1)N1CC2C=C(C(=CC=2CC1)OC)OC
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| InChi Key |
NHKNHFJTMINMBP-ZMBIFBSDSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C23H31N3O3.ClH/c1-23(2,3)21(25-14-16-6-9-24-10-7-16)22(27)26-11-8-17-12-19(28-4)20(29-5)13-18(17)15-26;/h6-7,9-10,12-13,21,25H,8,11,14-15H2,1-5H3;1H/t21-;/m1./s1
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| 化学名 |
(2S)-1-(6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-2-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-(pyridin-4-ylmethylamino)butan-1-one;hydrochloride
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| 别名 |
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| 存储方式 |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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| 运输条件 |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| 溶解度 (体外实验) |
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| 溶解度 (体内实验) |
注意: 如下所列的是一些常用的体内动物实验溶解配方,主要用于溶解难溶或不溶于水的产品(水溶度<1 mg/mL)。 建议您先取少量样品进行尝试,如该配方可行,再根据实验需求增加样品量。
注射用配方
注射用配方1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (如: 100 μL DMSO → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(IP/IV/IM/SC等) *生理盐水/Saline的制备:将0.9g氯化钠/NaCl溶解在100 mL ddH ₂ O中,得到澄清溶液。 注射用配方 2: DMSO : PEG300 :Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如: 100 μL DMSO → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) 注射用配方 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如: 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) 示例: 以注射用配方 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) 为例说明, 如果要配制 1 mL 2.5 mg/mL的工作液, 您可以取 100 μL 25 mg/mL 澄清的 DMSO 储备液,加到 900 μL Corn oil/玉米油中, 混合均匀。 View More
注射用配方 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline = 10 : 90 [如:100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)] 口服配方
口服配方 1: 悬浮于0.5% CMC Na (羧甲基纤维素钠) 口服配方 2: 悬浮于0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素) 示例: 以口服配方 1 (悬浮于 0.5% CMC Na)为例说明, 如果要配制 100 mL 2.5 mg/mL 的工作液, 您可以先取0.5g CMC Na并将其溶解于100mL ddH2O中,得到0.5%CMC-Na澄清溶液;然后将250 mg待测化合物加到100 mL前述 0.5%CMC Na溶液中,得到悬浮液。 View More
口服配方 3: 溶解于 PEG400 (聚乙二醇400) 请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案: 1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液)); 2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方): 10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline); 假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL; 3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例; 4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶; 5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用! 6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们; 7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。 |
| 制备储备液 | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.3043 mL | 11.5213 mL | 23.0425 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4609 mL | 2.3043 mL | 4.6085 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2304 mL | 1.1521 mL | 2.3043 mL |
1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;
2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;
3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);
4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。
计算结果:
工作液浓度: mg/mL;
DMSO母液配制方法: mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。
体内配方配制方法:取 μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。
(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
(2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。
![]() Competition kinetics curves for [3H]-EMPA binding to OX2-expressing (HEK293) cell membranes in the presence of increasing concentrations of EMPA, TCS-OX2-29, suvorexant and almorexant.Br J Pharmacol.2014 Jan;171(2):351-63. th> |
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![]() Deming linear correlations between (A) kinetically derived pKDand pKIvalues derived from equilibrium competition binding.Br J Pharmacol.2014 Jan;171(2):351-63. td> |
![]() Comparison of depression of the orexin-A maximal response in (A) ERK1/2 phosphorylation and (B) inositol phosphate accumulation assays as a function of antagonist concentration.Br J Pharmacol.2014 Jan;171(2):351-63. td> |
![]() Effect of increasing concentrations of (A) EMPA, (B) TCS-OX-29, (C) suvorexant and (D) almorexant on orexin-A stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation in CHO-hOX2cells.Br J Pharmacol.2014 Jan;171(2):351-63. th> |
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![]() Effect of increasing concentrations of (A) EMPA, (B) TCS-OX-29, (C) suvorexant and (D) almorexant on orexin-A stimulated inositol phosphate accumulation in CHO-hOX2cells.Br J Pharmacol.2014 Jan;171(2):351-63. td> |
![]() Competition for [3H]–EMPA binding to OX2-expressing HEK293 cell membranes showing the displacement of increasing concentrations by test compounds.
Kinetic binding profile of [3H]–EMPA binding to OX2-expressing HEK293 cell membranes.Br J Pharmacol.2014 Jan;171(2):351-63. td> |