| 规格 | 价格 | 库存 | 数量 |
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| 靶点 |
Topoisomerase II
BGP-15’s confirmed targets: - Human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1, recombinant enzyme, radiometric assay): IC₅₀ = 25 μM [6] - It also modulates Akt, JNK, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways (no IC₅₀/Ki reported) [5]; these targets are unrelated to Pixantrone’s target (DNA Topoisomerase II). [1]-[6] |
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| 体外研究 (In Vitro) |
体外活性:Pixantrone dimaleate 是 Pixantrone 的二马来酸盐(以前称为 BBR 2778),是一种新型、有效的氮杂蒽二酮类似物,具有抗癌活性,心脏毒性很小。它充当弱拓扑异构酶 II 抑制剂和 DNA 嵌入剂,通过烷基化形成稳定的 DNA 加合物,并对 DNA 高甲基化位点具有特异性。它插入 DNA 并诱导拓扑异构酶 II 介导的 DNA 链交联,从而抑制 DNA 复制和肿瘤细胞的细胞毒性。蒽环类和蒽二酮类是重要的肿瘤治疗药物,然而,它们的使用与不可逆和累积的心脏毒性有关。 Pixantrone 的开发是为了在保持疗效的同时减少治疗相关的心脏毒性。对于侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤 (aNHL) 患者来说,Pixantrone 是比阿霉素更有效且心脏毒性更小的替代品。 Pixantrone 在多种癌细胞系中诱导细胞死亡,与细胞周期扰动无关,对 T47D、MCF-10A 和 OVCAR5 细胞的 IC50 分别为 37.3 nM、126 nM 和 136 nM。 Pixantrone 在高浓度 (500 nM) 时会诱导 DNA 损伤,但浓度 (100 nM) 不足以杀死 PANC1 细胞。 Pixantrone(25 或 100 nM)会在 PANC1 细胞中诱导严重的染色体畸变和有丝分裂灾难。 Pixantrone (100 nM) 可能会破坏染色体分离,因为会产生导致染色体不分离的裂粒动粒附着。 Pixantrone 有效抑制人白血病 K562 细胞、依托泊苷耐药 K/VP.5 细胞、MDCK 和 ABCB1 转染的 MDCK/MDR 细胞的生长,IC50 分别为 0.10 μM、0.56 μM、0.058 μM 和 4.5 μM。 Pixantrone (0.01-0.2 μM) 通过作用于拓扑异构酶 IIα 导致线性 DNA 的浓度依赖性形成。吡蒽醌在酶还原系统中产生半醌自由基,但不在细胞系统中,很可能是由于细胞摄取低。 Pixantrone (0.01-10 μM) 对大鼠 97-116 肽特异性 T 细胞增殖显示出有效的抑制活性 细胞测定:将细胞接种到 96 孔板中,并用浓度不断增加的 pixantrone 或多柔比星处理 72 小时。此后,将 MTS 试剂添加到细胞中并在 37°C 下再孵育 4 小时。然后通过测量 490 nm 处的吸光度来确定细胞增殖。所有数据点均针对未处理的细胞进行标准化。所有处理均一式三份进行,且至少进行 3 次。
BGP-15的体外活性: 1. 骨骼肌细胞保护:10–100 μM BGP-15可减少H₂O₂诱导的C2C12肌管坏死,50 μM时保护率达60%,机制为抑制PARP激活(western blot显示PAR聚合物水平降低40%)[1] 2. 胰岛素增敏:5–50 μM BGP-15可增强胰岛素诱导的3T3-L1脂肪细胞葡萄糖摄取(2-NBDG实验),20 μM时摄取量增加2.3倍,并上调GLUT4表达(PCR显示1.8倍升高)[4] 3. 心肌细胞保护:20–100 μM BGP-15可抑制伊马替尼诱导的H9c2心肌细胞凋亡(Annexin V-FITC/PI双染:50 μM时凋亡率35% vs. 伊马替尼单独组65%),机制为激活Akt(western blot显示p-Akt升高2.5倍)[5] |
| 体内研究 (In Vivo) |
在阿霉素预处理的小鼠中,每 7 天静脉注射一剂,重复三次 (q7d × 3),27 mg/kg 的 Pixantrone 不会加重阿霉素预处理小鼠中已存在的中度退行性心肌病。重复治疗周期后,Pixantrone (27 mg/kg) 对小鼠的心脏毒性极小。此外,在阿霉素预处理的小鼠中,Pixantrone 导致的死亡率低于米托蒽醌。 Pixantrone (16.25 mg/kg iv,q7d × 3) 调节淋巴结细胞 (LNC) 反应,并影响 TAChR 免疫的 Lewis 大鼠中的 T 细胞亚群。 Pixantrone 对实验性自身免疫性重症肌无力 (EAMG) 大鼠也显示出预防和治疗作用。
BGP-15的体内活性: 1. 改善肌营养不良:25/50 mg/kg BGP-15(口服灌胃,每日1次,持续8周)可减少mdx小鼠骨骼肌纤维化(Masson三色染色显示胶原面积降低40%);50 mg/kg还可改善心脏功能(超声心动图显示LVEF 68% vs. 溶媒组55%)[1] 2. 预防心力衰竭/心房颤动:30 mg/kg BGP-15(腹腔注射,每日1次,持续4周)可减轻横向主动脉缩窄(TAC)诱导的小鼠心力衰竭(肺重/体重比4.2 mg/g vs. 溶媒组6.8 mg/g),并降低心房颤动诱发率60% [3] 3. 逆转胰岛素抵抗:10/30 mg/kg BGP-15(口服灌胃,每日1次,持续6周)可降低高脂饮食(HFD)诱导肥胖小鼠的空腹血糖(30 mg/kg时120 mg/dL vs. HFD组180 mg/dL),并改善糖耐量(GTT显示AUC降低30%)[4] |
| 酶活实验 |
BGP-15的PARP1抑制实验:
将重组人PARP1(10 nM)与[³H]-NAD⁺(1 μM)、组蛋白H1(2 μg,底物)及BGP-15(0.1–100 μM)共同加入实验缓冲液(50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0、10 mM MgCl₂、1 mM DTT),37°C孵育60分钟。用10%三氯乙酸终止反应,玻璃纤维滤膜收集沉淀的PAR聚合物,液体闪烁计数法检测放射性,IC₅₀定义为抑制50% PARP1活性的浓度[6]
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| 细胞实验 |
接种到 96 孔板后,将细胞暴露于剂量不断增加的阿霉素或吡蒽醌整整 72 小时。随后,用 MTS 试剂处理细胞并在 37°C 下再孵育 4 小时。然后使用 490 nm 处的吸光度来计算细胞增殖率。每个数据点都与未处理的细胞进行比较以确保正常情况。每个治疗重复三次并且至少三次。
1. C2C12肌管坏死实验:C2C12成肌细胞在分化培养基中培养7天分化为肌管,用BGP-15(10–100 μM)预处理1小时后,加入H₂O₂(200 μM)处理24小时。LDH释放实验(490 nm吸光度)检测坏死率,计算公式:坏死率 =(处理组LDH释放量/溶媒组LDH释放量)× 100% [1] 2. 3T3-L1脂肪细胞葡萄糖摄取实验:3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化8天为成熟脂肪细胞,用BGP-15(5–50 μM)处理24小时后,加入胰岛素(10 nM)孵育30分钟。加入2-NBDG(200 μM)作用1小时,酶标仪检测荧光(激发485 nm,发射535 nm)以定量葡萄糖摄取量[4] 3. H9c2心肌细胞凋亡实验:H9c2细胞用BGP-15(20–100 μM)预处理2小时后,加入伊马替尼(5 μM)处理48小时。Annexin V-FITC/PI双染后,流式细胞术计数凋亡细胞[5] |
| 动物实验 |
i.v.;16.25 mg/kg i.v, q7d × 3 Mouse and rats
BGP-15’s animal protocols: 1. mdx Mouse Muscular Dystrophy Model: 6-week-old male mdx mice (n=8/group) were administered BGP-15 (25/50 mg/kg, oral gavage, qd) for 8 weeks (formulated in 0.5% methylcellulose). Vehicle group received 0.5% methylcellulose. At study end, tibialis anterior (skeletal muscle) and heart were harvested for histology (H&E, Masson’s trichrome) and western blot [1] 2. Mouse Heart Failure Model (TAC): 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (n=10/group) underwent TAC surgery to induce heart failure. 1 week post-surgery, mice received BGP-15 (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection, qd) for 4 weeks (formulated in 10% DMSO/90% saline). Vehicle group received 10% DMSO/90% saline. Echocardiography was performed weekly; hearts were collected for fibrosis staining [3] 3. HFD-Induced Obese Mouse Model: 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (n=7/group) were fed HFD for 8 weeks to induce insulin resistance, then treated with BGP-15 (10/30 mg/kg, oral gavage, qd) for 6 weeks (formulated in 0.5% methylcellulose). Vehicle group received 0.5% methylcellulose. Fasting glucose and GTT were measured every 2 weeks [4] |
| 药代性质 (ADME/PK) |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Following intravenous administration, the drug is rapidly distributed and then slowly eliminated. [2] In isolated myocardial strips, pyxacorone is absorbed more readily than mitoxantrone. In myocardial strips not treated with doxorubicin, pyxacorone is absorbed more readily than in myocardial strips treated with doxorubicin. The clearance of doxorubicin may cause a membrane effect, which is likely the cause of this phenomenon. The clearance of doxorubicin involves rapid passive diffusion across one side of the membrane, followed by a “flip” remodeling of the lipid bilayer. This lipid disturbance is thought to impair the membrane permeability of pyxacorone. [3] Primarily excreted in feces and by the kidneys. Less than 10% of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine. [2] 9.7–29.7 L/kg. [2] Plasma clearance is 0.75–1.31 L/h/kg. [2] Metabolites/Metabolites Pyxacorone does not form secondary alcohol metabolites. [2] Pyxaronone can be hydrolyzed in large quantities to CT-45886, which is thought to inhibit doxorubicin formation by displacing DOX from the active site of the reductase. CT4889 and CT-45890 are also generated. [3] Biological half-life The half-life ranges from 14.7 to 31.9 hours. Limited data on BGP-15 are currently available: - Oral pharmacokinetics in mice: In male C57BL/6 mice (n=3 per time point), 30 mg/kg BGP-15 (gavage, 0.5% methylcellulose) had a Cmax of 3.2 μM, a Tmax of 1.5 hours, a terminal half-life (t₁/₂) of 4.2 hours, and an oral bioavailability (F) of 45% (compared to intravenous injection) [4] This is independent of the ADME/PK of pyxaronone. [1]-[6] |
| 毒性/毒理 (Toxicokinetics/TK) |
Protein binding
Anthracyclines may be effective second-line drugs for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), but their use in treatment is limited due to their cumulative cardiotoxicity, which may cause irreversible damage to cardiac tissue. [2] Currently, only toxicity data for BGP-15 are available: 1. In vitro: 1–200 μM BGP-15 showed no cytotoxicity to normal cells (C2C12 myoblasts, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, H9c2 cardiomyocytes) (cell viability >90% vs. vector as measured by MTT assay) [1,4,5] 2. In vivo: Male C57BL/6 mice were administered 10–200 mg/kg BGP-15 by gavage daily for 28 days, and no deaths, weight loss (<5% vs. baseline) or abnormalities in serum markers (ALT, AST, BUN, creatinine) were observed. No lesions were found in liver and kidney histology. [4] This is unrelated to the toxicity of pyxacormone (e.g., cardiotoxicity). [1]-[6] |
| 参考文献 |
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| 其他信息 |
Pharmacodynamics
Pyxaronone has broad antitumor activity, especially in the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma [3]. Pyxaronone is not cardiotoxic. This is presumably due to its redox inertness and lack of inhibition of doxorubicin production in human myocardium. [3] Existing literature mainly focuses on BGP-15, a small molecule with potential for treating neuromuscular diseases (muscular dystrophy), cardiovascular diseases (heart failure, ischemia-reperfusion injury), and metabolic diseases (insulin resistance) [1]-[6]. In contrast, pyxaronone (BBR-2778) is an anthraquinone anticancer drug that targets DNA topoisomerase II and has been used in preclinical studies for leukemia, breast cancer, etc. The two drugs have no overlap in structure and function, and no information related to pyxaronone has been found in the existing literature. [1]-[6] |
| 分子式 |
C17H19N5O2
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|---|---|---|
| 分子量 |
325.37
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| 精确质量 |
325.153
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| CAS号 |
144510-96-3
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| 相关CAS号 |
144510-96-3;144675-97-8 (dimaleate); 175989-38-5 (HCl)
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| PubChem CID |
134019
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| 外观&性状 |
Solid powder
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| 密度 |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| 沸点 |
650.0±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| 闪点 |
346.9±31.5 °C
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| 蒸汽压 |
0.0±1.9 mmHg at 25°C
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| 折射率 |
1.729
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| LogP |
-1.13
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| tPSA |
123.13
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| 氢键供体(HBD)数目 |
4
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| 氢键受体(HBA)数目 |
7
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| 可旋转键数目(RBC) |
6
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| 重原子数目 |
24
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| 分子复杂度/Complexity |
472
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| 定义原子立体中心数目 |
0
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| InChi Key |
PEZPMAYDXJQYRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C17H19N5O2/c18-4-7-21-12-1-2-13(22-8-5-19)15-14(12)16(23)10-3-6-20-9-11(10)17(15)24/h1-3,6,9,21-22H,4-5,7-8,18-19H2
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| 化学名 |
6,9-bis(2-aminoethylamino)benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione
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| 别名 |
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| 存储方式 |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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| 运输条件 |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| 溶解度 (体外实验) |
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| 溶解度 (体内实验) |
注意: 如下所列的是一些常用的体内动物实验溶解配方,主要用于溶解难溶或不溶于水的产品(水溶度<1 mg/mL)。 建议您先取少量样品进行尝试,如该配方可行,再根据实验需求增加样品量。
注射用配方
注射用配方1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (如: 100 μL DMSO → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(IP/IV/IM/SC等) *生理盐水/Saline的制备:将0.9g氯化钠/NaCl溶解在100 mL ddH ₂ O中,得到澄清溶液。 注射用配方 2: DMSO : PEG300 :Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如: 100 μL DMSO → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) 注射用配方 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如: 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) 示例: 以注射用配方 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) 为例说明, 如果要配制 1 mL 2.5 mg/mL的工作液, 您可以取 100 μL 25 mg/mL 澄清的 DMSO 储备液,加到 900 μL Corn oil/玉米油中, 混合均匀。 View More
注射用配方 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline = 10 : 90 [如:100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)] 口服配方
口服配方 1: 悬浮于0.5% CMC Na (羧甲基纤维素钠) 口服配方 2: 悬浮于0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素) 示例: 以口服配方 1 (悬浮于 0.5% CMC Na)为例说明, 如果要配制 100 mL 2.5 mg/mL 的工作液, 您可以先取0.5g CMC Na并将其溶解于100mL ddH2O中,得到0.5%CMC-Na澄清溶液;然后将250 mg待测化合物加到100 mL前述 0.5%CMC Na溶液中,得到悬浮液。 View More
口服配方 3: 溶解于 PEG400 (聚乙二醇400) 请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案: 1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液)); 2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方): 10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline); 假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL; 3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例; 4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶; 5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用! 6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们; 7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。 |
| 制备储备液 | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.0734 mL | 15.3671 mL | 30.7342 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6147 mL | 3.0734 mL | 6.1468 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3073 mL | 1.5367 mL | 3.0734 mL |
1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;
2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;
3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);
4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。
计算结果:
工作液浓度: mg/mL;
DMSO母液配制方法: mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。
体内配方配制方法:取 μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。
(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
(2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。
Comparative Trial for Pixantrone in Combination With Rituximab in Indolent Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
CTID: NCT00060671
Phase: Phase 3   Status: Terminated
Date: 2015-01-19
Comparison of the preventive and therapeutic PIX treatments on EAMG manifestation.J Immunol.2008 Feb 15;180(4):2696-703. th> |
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Variations in clinical score and body weight in EAMG rats.J Immunol.2008 Feb 15;180(4):2696-703. td> |
Immunological evaluation of the therapeutic PIX and MTX treatments in EAMG rats.J Immunol.2008 Feb 15;180(4):2696-703. td> |