规格 | 价格 | |
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500mg | ||
1g | ||
Other Sizes |
靶点 |
Smoothened (SMO) (EC₅₀ = 3 nM)
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体外研究 (In Vitro) |
EC50 为 3 nM 时,SAG(0.1 nM-100 μM;30 小时)可刺激 Shh-LIGHT2 细胞中萤火虫荧光素酶的表达,随后在较高剂量下会受到抑制 [1]。在表达 Smo 的 Cos-1 细胞中,SAG(1-1000 nM;1 小时)竞争 BODIPY-环巴明与 SAG/Smo 复合物的结合,导致表观解离常数 (Kd) 为 59 nM [1]。 ShhN 诱导的 Robotnikinin 通路激活的抑制作用被 SAG (100 nM) 抑制 [2]。在 MDAMB231 细胞中,SAG(250 nM;48 小时)可显着提高 SMO mRNA 和蛋白质的表达 [3]。在常氧和低氧条件下,SAG(250 nM;24 和 48 小时)可增强 CAXII MDAMB231 细胞中 mRNA 的表达达 24 小时 [3]。 SAG(250 nM;24 小时)可增加 MDAMB231 细胞迁移 [3]。
- 在SHH-Light2细胞中,SAG(0.1 nM - 100 μM;处理30小时)诱导萤火虫荧光素酶表达,EC₅₀为3 nM,但在较高浓度下抑制表达。此外,SAG(1 - 1000 nM;处理1小时)与表达SMO的COS-1细胞中的BODIPY-环巴胺竞争结合,得到SAG/SMO复合物的表观解离常数(Kd)为59 nM [2]。 - SAG(250 nM;处理48小时)显著增加MDA-MB-231细胞中SMO的mRNA和蛋白表达。在常氧和缺氧条件下,处理24小时后,SAG增加MDA-MB-231细胞中CA XII的mRNA表达,并在24小时时增强细胞迁移能力 [3]。 - SAG(10 μM)处理原代小鼠星形胶质细胞24小时,使Gli1 mRNA水平增加2.3倍,PTCH1 mRNA水平增加2.5倍。同时,GLT-1蛋白水平降低50%,GFAP蛋白水平降低40% [2]。 |
体内研究 (In Vivo) |
接近八周时,SAG (1.0 mM) 显着提高了 CD-1 小鼠的 BV/TV 并大大增加了缺损边界附近的成骨作用 [4]。在小鼠中,SAG(15-20 mg/kg;腹膜内注射)持续且剂量依赖性地导致轴前多指畸形[5]。
全身给予SAG(15-20 mg/kg;腹腔注射)在C57BL/6J小鼠中以剂量依赖性方式诱导轴前多指畸形 [5]。 - 在糖皮质激素诱导的新生儿小脑损伤小鼠模型中,SAG(1.0 mM)通过激活SHH-SMO通路预防神经毒性效应。它增加11β-HSD2的表达,促进小脑颗粒神经元前体细胞的存活和增殖。SAG治疗不干扰糖皮质激素诱导的肺成熟,且在1周治疗后未促进肿瘤形成 [2]。 - SAG(1.0 mM)在CD-1小鼠的颅骨缺损边界诱导更多的成骨,并在8周时增加骨体积/组织体积(BV/TV) [2]。 - 在胶原支架中联合使用SAG(1.0 mM)和NEL-like蛋白-1(NELL-1)可增强小鼠临界大小颅骨缺损的骨愈合,与单药治疗相比,骨体积和矿物质密度显著更高 [4]。 |
酶活实验 |
- 为了测定SAG与SMO的结合亲和力,进行了竞争结合实验。将表达SMO的COS-1细胞与BODIPY-环巴胺(10 nM)和递增浓度的SAG(1 - 1000 nM)在室温下孵育1小时。通过测量荧光偏振确定SAG对BODIPY-环巴胺的置换,得到Kd为59 nM [2]。
- 使用稳定表达Gli响应荧光素酶报告基因的SHH-Light2细胞进行酶报告实验。细胞用SAG(0.1 nM - 100 μM)处理30小时,测量荧光素酶活性。SAG诱导荧光素酶表达的EC₅₀为3 nM [2]。 |
细胞实验 |
- 原代小鼠星形胶质细胞用SAG(10 μM)处理24小时。提取总RNA,通过qPCR检测Gli1、PTCH1、GLT-1和GFAP的mRNA水平。SAG增加Gli1和PTCH1的mRNA水平,降低GLT-1和GFAP的mRNA水平。蛋白质印迹分析证实GLT-1和GFAP蛋白水平降低 [2]。
- MDA-MB-231细胞用SAG(250 nM)处理24或48小时。提取总RNA,通过qPCR检测SMO和CA XII的mRNA水平。SAG增加两者的mRNA水平。使用伤口愈合实验评估细胞迁移,SAG处理的细胞迁移能力较对照组增强 [3]。 |
动物实验 |
For the glucocorticoid-induced cerebellar injury model, neonatal mice (postnatal day 0) received daily intraperitoneal injections of SAG (15 mg/kg) or vehicle for 7 days. Glucocorticoids (dexamethasone, 0.5 mg/kg) were administered subcutaneously daily for 7 days starting on postnatal day 3. Mice were sacrificed on postnatal day 10, and cerebella were analyzed for histological changes, cell proliferation (Ki-67 staining), and apoptosis (TUNEL assay) [2].
- For the polydactyly induction study, pregnant C57BL/6J mice (gestational day 10.5) received a single intraperitoneal injection of SAG (20 mg/kg). Offspring were evaluated for limb malformations at birth [5]. - For the bone regeneration study, CD-1 mice with critical-sized calvarial defects were treated with SAG (1.0 mM) in a collagen scaffold implanted into the defect site. Mice were sacrificed at 8 weeks, and micro-CT analysis was performed to assess bone volume and mineral density [2]. - In the combined SAG and NELL-1 study, C57BL/6J mice with calvarial defects received a collagen scaffold containing SAG (1.0 mM) and NELL-1 (10 μg/mL). Mice were sacrificed at 12 weeks, and bone healing was evaluated by micro-CT and histological analysis [4]. |
药代性质 (ADME/PK) |
SAG has a plasma half-life of approximately 2 hours in mice after intraperitoneal administration. It is rapidly distributed to tissues, with highest concentrations in the liver, kidney, and brain. SAG is metabolized primarily by the cytochrome P450 system, with less than 10% excreted unchanged in urine [2].
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毒性/毒理 (Toxicokinetics/TK) |
- In acute toxicity studies, SAG administered intraperitoneally to mice at doses up to 500 mg/kg did not cause mortality or significant adverse effects. Subchronic toxicity studies (14 days) showed no evidence of hepatic or renal toxicity (normal liver and kidney function markers) or hematological abnormalities [2].
- SAG did not show significant plasma protein binding (less than 20%) in mouse plasma [2]. |
参考文献 |
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其他信息 |
- SAG is a small-molecule agonist of the Smoothened receptor, activating the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. It has been studied for its potential in regenerative medicine, particularly in cartilage and bone repair, as well as in neuroprotection against glucocorticoid-induced injury [2].
- The activation of Hh signaling by SAG promotes cell proliferation and survival in various cell types, including chondrocytes, neuronal precursors, and astrocytes. However, chronic activation of Hh signaling is associated with tumorigenesis, but transient treatment with SAG in animal models did not promote tumor formation [2]. - SAG has been shown to enhance osteogenesis in vivo, making it a potential therapeutic agent for bone defects. Its ability to activate Hh signaling in stem/progenitor cells contributes to its regenerative effects [2,4]. - Preaxial polydactyly observed in mice following gestational SAG exposure highlights the teratogenic potential of Hh pathway activation during embryonic development [5]. |
分子式 |
C28H28CLN3OS
|
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分子量 |
490.06
|
精确质量 |
489.1642
|
元素分析 |
C, 68.63; H, 5.76; Cl, 7.23; N, 8.57; O, 3.26; S, 6.54
|
CAS号 |
364590-63-6
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相关CAS号 |
SAG;912545-86-9;SAG hydrochloride;2095432-58-7;SAG dihydrochloride;2702366-44-5
|
PubChem CID |
71433770
|
外观&性状 |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
|
LogP |
8.72
|
tPSA |
82.7
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氢键供体(HBD)数目 |
4
|
氢键受体(HBA)数目 |
5
|
可旋转键数目(RBC) |
6
|
重原子数目 |
37
|
分子复杂度/Complexity |
666
|
定义原子立体中心数目 |
0
|
SMILES |
ClC1=C(C(N(C2CCC(NC)CC2)CC2C=CC=C(C3C=CN=CC=3)C=2)=O)SC2C=CC=CC1=2
|
InChi Key |
IYXUQUYRWPGIQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C28H28ClN3OS.2ClH.H2O/c1-30-22-9-11-23(12-10-22)32(28(33)27-26(29)24-7-2-3-8-25(24)34-27)18-19-5-4-6-21(17-19)20-13-15-31-16-14-20;;;/h2-8,13-17,22-23,30H,9-12,18H2,1H3;2*1H;1H2
|
化学名 |
3-chloro-N-[4-(methylamino)cyclohexyl]-N-[(3-pyridin-4-ylphenyl)methyl]-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide;hydrate;dihydrochloride
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别名 |
(Rac)-SAG; (Rac)-SAG
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HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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存储方式 |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
运输条件 |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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溶解度 (体外实验) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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溶解度 (体内实验) |
注意: 如下所列的是一些常用的体内动物实验溶解配方,主要用于溶解难溶或不溶于水的产品(水溶度<1 mg/mL)。 建议您先取少量样品进行尝试,如该配方可行,再根据实验需求增加样品量。
注射用配方
注射用配方1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (如: 100 μL DMSO → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(IP/IV/IM/SC等) *生理盐水/Saline的制备:将0.9g氯化钠/NaCl溶解在100 mL ddH ₂ O中,得到澄清溶液。 注射用配方 2: DMSO : PEG300 :Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如: 100 μL DMSO → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) 注射用配方 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如: 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) 示例: 以注射用配方 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) 为例说明, 如果要配制 1 mL 2.5 mg/mL的工作液, 您可以取 100 μL 25 mg/mL 澄清的 DMSO 储备液,加到 900 μL Corn oil/玉米油中, 混合均匀。 View More
注射用配方 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline = 10 : 90 [如:100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)] 口服配方
口服配方 1: 悬浮于0.5% CMC Na (羧甲基纤维素钠) 口服配方 2: 悬浮于0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素) 示例: 以口服配方 1 (悬浮于 0.5% CMC Na)为例说明, 如果要配制 100 mL 2.5 mg/mL 的工作液, 您可以先取0.5g CMC Na并将其溶解于100mL ddH2O中,得到0.5%CMC-Na澄清溶液;然后将250 mg待测化合物加到100 mL前述 0.5%CMC Na溶液中,得到悬浮液。 View More
口服配方 3: 溶解于 PEG400 (聚乙二醇400) 请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案: 1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液)); 2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方): 10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline); 假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL; 3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例; 4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶; 5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用! 6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们; 7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。 |
制备储备液 | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 2.0406 mL | 10.2028 mL | 20.4057 mL | |
5 mM | 0.4081 mL | 2.0406 mL | 4.0811 mL | |
10 mM | 0.2041 mL | 1.0203 mL | 2.0406 mL |
1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;
2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;
3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);
4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。
计算结果:
工作液浓度: mg/mL;
DMSO母液配制方法: mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。
体内配方配制方法:取 μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。
(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
(2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。
NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
NCT02051413 | COMPLETED | Drug: Venlafaxine extended release | Major Depressive Disorder Major Depressive Episode |
Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, France | 2014-02-18 | Phase 4 |