Bupivacaine hydrochloride monohydrate

别名: 盐酸布比卡因;布比卡因 盐酸盐;盐酸布比卡因 USP标准品;盐酸布比卡因 标准品;盐酸布比卡因杂质
目录号: V70442 纯度: ≥98%
布比卡因盐酸盐一水合物是一种 NMDA 受体阻滞剂/抑制剂。
Bupivacaine hydrochloride monohydrate CAS号: 73360-54-0
产品类别: iGluR
产品仅用于科学研究,不针对患者销售
规格 价格 库存 数量
10mg
Other Sizes

Other Forms of Bupivacaine hydrochloride monohydrate:

  • 盐酸布比卡因
  • Bupivacaine-d9 (Bupivacaine-d9)
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InvivoChem产品被CNS等顶刊论文引用
产品描述
盐酸布比卡因一水合物是一种NMDA受体阻滞剂/抑制剂。盐酸布比卡因一水合物可阻断钠、L-钙和钾通道。盐酸布比卡因一水合物能有效阻断SCN5A通道,IC50值为69.5 μM。盐酸布比卡因一水合物可用于慢性疼痛研究。
盐酸布比卡因一水合物是一种长效酰胺类局部麻醉药,广泛用于临床局部和区域麻醉。它是盐酸布比卡因的一水合物形式,化学式为C18H28N2O·HCl·H2O,分子量约为342.90 g/mol。布比卡因通过阻断电压门控钠通道发挥作用,从而阻止神经冲动的产生和传导。除了阻断钠通道外,布比卡因还能抑制TREK-1通道并使细胞膜去极化。它还能抑制BK/SK通道、Kv1、Kv3和TASK-2钾离子通道。盐酸布比卡因一水合物广泛应用于各种临床场景,包括硬膜外麻醉、脊髓麻醉、外周神经阻滞和浸润麻醉。该化合物以高纯度分析标准品的形式供应,纯度≥99%。它也可用作药物分析和质量控制的参考标准。盐酸布比卡因一水合物是处方药,不得用于科研用途。
生物活性&实验参考方法
靶点
NMDA Receptor
Voltage-gated sodium channels (primary target). Bupivacaine also inhibits TREK-1 channels, BK/SK channels, Kv1, Kv3, and TASK-2 K+ channels.
体外研究 (In Vitro)
在与中枢敏化密切相关的脊髓背角区域,布比卡因可阻断NMDA受体介导的突触传递[1]。布比卡因使半数最大激活/失活膜电位向更负的方向移动,从而改变通道激活和稳态失活的电压依赖性。SCN5A通道在非活性状态下对布比卡因的敏感性较低(IC50=2.18±0.16 μM)[2]。布比卡因以剂量依赖性和可逆性的方式阻断SK2通道,其IC50值为16.5 μM[3]。布比卡因是一种强效局部麻醉剂,它以使用依赖性方式阻断电压门控钠通道,从而阻止神经纤维中动作电位的产生和传导。除了阻断钠通道外,布比卡因还能抑制TREK-1通道并使细胞膜去极化。它还能抑制BK/SK通道、Kv1、Kv3和TASK-2钾离子通道。与利多卡因相比,该化合物效力更强,作用持续时间更长。
体内研究 (In Vivo)
布比卡因在临床上用于局部和区域麻醉,包括硬膜外麻醉、脊髓麻醉、周围神经阻滞和浸润麻醉。它起效缓慢,麻醉作用持续时间长。体内研究表明,高浓度布比卡因具有心脏毒性,这与其在心肌组织中阻断钠通道的活性有关。
酶活实验
由于布比卡因作用于离子通道而非G蛋白偶联受体,因此通常不进行体外受体结合试验来研究其受体结合能力。然而,可以使用[3H]-箭毒蛙毒素或[3H]-石房蛤毒素进行放射性配体结合试验,以研究布比卡因与电压门控钠通道的相互作用。通过测量化合物将放射性配体从通道中置换出来的能力来计算其结合亲和力。
细胞实验
体外细胞试验通常使用培养的神经元或表达电压门控钠通道的细胞系来检测布比卡因的活性。用布比卡因处理细胞后,通过膜片钳电生理或荧光膜电位测定法测量钠电流的抑制情况。这些试验用于表征化合物的效力和使用依赖性阻滞作用。
动物实验
布比卡因的体内动物研究旨在评估其局部麻醉效果和毒性。该化合物可通过多种途径给药,包括浸润、神经阻滞和硬膜外注射。麻醉的起效时间和持续时间采用标准模型进行评估,例如甩尾试验或啮齿动物坐骨神经阻滞模型。此外,还需评估其心血管和中枢神经系统毒性。
药代性质 (ADME/PK)
吸收、分布和排泄
局部麻醉药的全身吸收取决于给药剂量、浓度以及总给药量。影响全身吸收速率的其他因素包括给药途径、给药部位的血流量以及麻醉溶液中肾上腺素的存在。当用美洛昔康复溶的布比卡因通过输注给药时,单次给药后全身参数会发生变化。在接受拇外翻切除术的患者中,60 mg 布比卡因的 Cmax 为 54 ± 33 ng/mL,中位 Tmax 为 3 小时,AUC∞ 为 1718 ± 1211 ng·h/mL。在采用 300 mg 剂量进行疝修补术时,相应的数值分别为 271 ± 147 ng/mL、18 小时和 15524 ± 8921 ng·h/mL。最后,当在全膝关节置换术中使用 400 mg 剂量时,相应的数值分别为 695 ± 411 ng/mL、21 小时和 38,173 ± 29,400 ng/mL。仅有 6% 的布比卡因以原形经尿液排出。布比卡因盐酸盐吸收入血后,其与血浆蛋白的结合率高于任何其他局部麻醉剂;报道的结合率为 82-96%。在所有肠外局部麻醉剂中,布比卡因盐酸盐的胎盘转运率最低,因此可能对胎儿的抑制作用最小。将布比卡因以 0.33 mg·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹ 的速率静脉输注至妊娠大鼠体内,输注时间为 15 分钟。在输注结束时或给药后 2 小时或 4 小时取出胎儿。从母体和胎儿采集血液和组织样本,并采用毛细管气相色谱-质谱法测定布比卡因及其代谢物。布比卡因的消除半衰期为37.7分钟。主要代谢物为3'-羟基布比卡因。给药结束时,所有样本中均检测到布比卡因和3'-羟基布比卡因。胎儿血浆中布比卡因与母体血浆的浓度比为0.29,胎盘中为0.63。羊膜中布比卡因浓度最高,是母体血浆的3倍,是胎儿血浆的11倍。给药4小时后,所有母体和胎儿样本中均未检测到布比卡因,而3'-羟基布比卡因仍存在于除胎儿血浆和心脏以外的所有组织中。这些数据表明,双侧胎盘、羊膜和子宫肌层吸收了大量的布比卡因。尽管母体化合物无法检测到,但除胎儿血浆和心脏外,所有组织中均存在3'-羟基布比卡因。使用盐酸布比卡因进行尾部、硬膜外或周围神经阻滞后,布比卡因的血药浓度在30至45分钟内达到峰值,随后在接下来的3至6小时内降至可忽略不计的水平。直接静脉注射盐酸布比卡因后的血浆药代动力学研究表明,其符合三室开放模型。第一室代表药物在血管内的快速分布。第二室代表药物在脑、心肌、肺、肾和肝等高灌注器官中的平衡状态。第三室代表药物在肌肉和脂肪等低灌注组织中的平衡状态。药物从组织分布中的清除主要取决于循环系统中结合位点将药物转运至肝脏进行代谢的能力。有关布比卡因(6项)的吸收、分布和排泄的更完整数据,请访问HSDB记录页面。代谢物/代谢物 酰胺类局部麻醉药(如布比卡因)主要在肝脏中通过与葡萄糖醛酸结合而代谢。布比卡因的主要代谢物是2,6-哌啶酰亚胺,主要由细胞色素P450 3A4催化。妊娠大鼠以0.33 mg·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹的速率静脉输注布比卡因,输注时间为15分钟。胎儿在输注结束时或给药后2小时或4小时娩出。从母体和胎儿采集血液和组织样本,并采用毛细管气相色谱-质谱法测定布比卡因及其代谢物。布比卡因的消除半衰期为37.7分钟。主要代谢物为3'-羟基布比卡因。给药结束时,所有样本中均检测到布比卡因和3'-羟基布比卡因。血浆中布比卡因的胎儿/母体浓度比为0.29,胎盘中为0.63。羊膜中布比卡因浓度最高,是母体血浆的3倍,是胎儿血浆的11倍。给药4小时后,所有母体和胎儿样本中均检测不到布比卡因,而3'-羟基布比卡因仍存在于除胎儿血浆和心脏以外的所有组织中。这些数据表明,胎盘双侧、羊膜和子宫肌层均吸收了大量的布比卡因。尽管未检测到母体化合物,但除胎儿血浆和心脏外,所有组织中均残留有3'-羟基布比卡因。盐酸布比卡因主要通过N-去烷基化代谢为哌啶二甲胺(PPX),该过程可能发生在肝脏。布比卡因主要以少量PPX、原药(5%)和其他未鉴定的代谢物的形式经尿液排出。酰胺类局部麻醉药(如布比卡因)主要在肝脏中通过葡萄糖醛酸结合代谢。布比卡因的主要代谢物是2,6-哌啶酰亚胺,主要由细胞色素P450 3A4催化。消除途径:仅有6%的布比卡因以原形经尿液排出。半衰期:成人为2.7小时,新生儿为8.1小时。布比卡因与美洛昔康联合用于术后镇痛的中位半衰期为15-17小时,具体时间取决于剂量和给药部位。妊娠大鼠接受布比卡因静脉输注,输注速率为0.33 mg·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹,输注时间为15分钟。在输注结束时或给药后2小时或4小时取出胎儿。采集母体和胎儿的血液和组织样本,并采用毛细管气相色谱-质谱法测定布比卡因及其代谢物。布比卡因的消除半衰期为37.7分钟。成人体内盐酸布比卡因的消除半衰期为1.5~5.5小时,新生儿为8.1小时。布比卡因局部用于麻醉。给药后,它被吸收进入体循环,并与血浆蛋白广泛结合(约95%)。该化合物主要在肝脏中经CYP3A4和CYP1A2代谢为主要代谢物哌啶甲酰甲苯胺。成人体内布比卡因的半衰期约为2.7小时。该化合物以代谢物的形式经尿液排出。
毒性/毒理 (Toxicokinetics/TK)
妊娠期和哺乳期影响
◉ 哺乳期用药概述
由于布比卡因在母乳中的浓度极低,且不经口服吸收,婴儿摄入的剂量非常小,因此不会对母乳喂养的婴儿造成任何不良影响。
有报道称,分娩期间布比卡因与其他麻醉药和镇痛药联合使用可能会干扰母乳喂养。然而,由于研究中涉及的药物组合、剂量和患者人群各不相同,以及许多研究中使用的技术和设计存在缺陷,因此这种评估存在争议且较为复杂。相比之下,脐带结扎后开始的硬膜外布比卡因似乎可以提高母乳喂养的成功率,因为疼痛控制效果更好。总体而言,在良好的母乳喂养支持下,硬膜外布比卡因,无论与芬太尼或其衍生物联合使用,对母乳喂养的成功率几乎没有或完全没有不良影响。分娩镇痛可能会延迟泌乳的开始。
◉ 对母乳喂养婴儿的影响
13 名接受硬膜外布比卡因镇痛的母亲所生的母乳喂养婴儿未观察到明显不良反应。
30 名接受剖宫产的患者接受了双侧腹横肌平面阻滞,使用 52 mg 0.25% 盐酸布比卡因和 266 mg 1.3% 脂质体布比卡因的联合用药。两名婴儿出现短暂性呼吸急促,但无法确定其因果关系。在为期 14 天的随访期内,所有婴儿均无需再次入院。
◉ 对泌乳和母乳的影响
30 名接受剖宫产的妇女接受了脊髓麻醉(未具体说明)(n = 15)或脊髓麻醉联合布比卡因(n = 15),并在脐带结扎后进行硬膜外输注。布比卡因的给药方案为:初始推注 12.5 mg,随后以 17.5 mg/小时的速度持续输注 3 天。接受布比卡因治疗的患者疼痛缓解效果更佳,表现为疼痛评分更低,镇痛所需的双氯芬酸钠剂量更少。此外,布比卡因治疗组的日产奶量高于未治疗组,且该差异在产后第 3 天至第 11 天(研究结束)具有统计学意义。作者得出结论,疼痛缓解效果的改善提高了母乳喂养的成功率。20名接受剖宫产的妇女在脐带结扎后分别接受了硬膜外布比卡因或布比卡因联合丁丙诺啡镇痛。布比卡因的给药方案为:初始推注12.5 mg,随后以17.5 mg/小时的速度持续输注3天。丁丙诺啡的给药方案为:初始推注200 mcg,随后以8.4 mcg/小时的速度持续输注3天。产妇能够坐起后即可开始母乳喂养。两组产妇在产后10天内母乳摄入量和婴儿体重均有所增加;然而,单独使用布比卡因组的增幅更大。一项前瞻性队列研究比较了分娩期间未接受镇痛的女性(n = 63)与接受芬太尼联合0.05%至0.1%布比卡因(n = 39)或罗哌卡因(n = 13)持续硬膜外镇痛的女性。布比卡因的总剂量为31至62毫克,从开始输注到分娩的平均总输注时间为219分钟。研究发现,两组在产后8至12小时的母乳喂养有效性或婴儿神经行为状态方面均无差异,在产后4周纯母乳喂养或部分母乳喂养的婴儿数量方面也无差异。另一项随机前瞻性研究测量了100名在分娩期间接受硬膜外或静脉芬太尼镇痛的多产妇所生足月健康婴儿的母乳喂养行为。硬膜外组最初经硬膜外注射100 mg布比卡因,随后以25 mg/小时的速度持续输注。静脉芬太尼组经脊髓注射15-20 mg布比卡因。两组婴儿的母乳喂养行为略有不同,静脉芬太尼组婴儿的母乳喂养表现略低于硬膜外组。然而,所有母亲均能在24小时内进行母乳喂养。所有母亲均未报告严重的母乳喂养问题;硬膜外组有10位母亲报告轻度至中度母乳喂养问题,而静脉芬太尼组仅有7位母亲报告此类问题。硬膜外麻醉组有20位母亲,静脉芬太尼麻醉组有14位母亲使用了奶瓶辅助喂养;两组之间的差异无统计学意义。一项针对剖宫产女性的随机、非盲研究比较了硬膜外麻醉与全身麻醉(静脉注射硫喷妥钠4 mg/kg和琥珀酰胆碱1.5 mg/kg诱导,随后吸入氧化亚氮和异氟烷)的效果。结果显示,硬膜外麻醉组首次哺乳时间显著短于全身麻醉组(107分钟 vs. 228分钟)。这种差异可能与麻醉对婴儿的影响有关,因为全身麻醉组婴儿的Apgar评分、神经系统评分和适应性评分均显著低于对照组。一项随机、多中心试验比较了接受高剂量硬膜外布比卡因单药治疗或两种低剂量布比卡因联合芬太尼治疗的女性的哺乳启动率和持续时间。这项试验还比较了一个未接受硬膜外麻醉的匹配对照组。结果显示,硬膜外麻醉组和未接受药物的非硬膜外麻醉组在母乳喂养启动率和持续时间方面没有差异。一项针对低风险母亲和婴儿的非随机研究发现,无论母亲接受不同剂量的布比卡因联合芬太尼硬膜外输注、不同剂量的芬太尼单独硬膜外输注,还是未接受分娩镇痛,新生儿的吸吮量总体上均无差异。按性别和吸吮频率进行的亚组分析显示,高剂量布比卡因和芬太尼对女婴有影响,但对男婴没有影响。然而,研究组之间许多因素的不平衡使得结果难以解释。在一项前瞻性队列研究中,87名经产妇在分娩和阴道分娩期间接受了布比卡因和芬太尼硬膜外镇痛。负荷剂量为0.125%布比卡因和50-100微克芬太尼。维持性硬膜外镇痛采用0.0625%布比卡因和0.2微克/毫升芬太尼。女性接受的芬太尼中位剂量为151微克(范围30-570微克)。女性在产后1周和6周填写了母乳喂养问卷。大多数女性之前有母乳喂养经验,在家中有家人支持,并且拥有充足的产假。所有女性均在产后1周开始母乳喂养,95.4%的女性在产后6周仍在母乳喂养。一项针对妊娠晚期至产后12个月的女性及其婴儿的全国性调查比较了分娩期间接受和未接受镇痛药物的母亲进入泌乳II期所需的时间。药物类别包括:单独使用脊髓或硬膜外麻醉、脊髓或硬膜外麻醉联合其他药物,以及单独使用其他镇痛药。接受任何类别药物的女性发生延迟泌乳II期(>72小时)的可能性约为未接受分娩镇痛的女性的两倍。一项随机研究比较了全身麻醉、脊髓麻醉或硬膜外麻醉下剖宫产与阴道分娩对血清催乳素和催产素水平以及泌乳启动时间的影响。脊髓麻醉使用10-11毫克5%高渗布比卡因溶液,而硬膜外麻醉使用10毫升(50毫克)0.5%布比卡因溶液。分娩后,所有患者均接受静脉输注30国际单位催产素溶于1升生理盐水中。如果血压正常,则加用0.2 mg麦角新碱。全身麻醉组(n = 21)患者术后催乳素水平较高,平均泌乳启动时间(25小时)也长于其他组(10.8-11.8小时)。非药物阴道分娩组的产后催产素水平高于全身麻醉组和脊髓麻醉组,硬膜外麻醉组的血清催产素水平高于脊髓麻醉组。一项在西班牙公立医院进行的回顾性研究比较了分娩时接受含芬太尼和布比卡因或罗哌卡因的硬膜外麻醉的母亲所生的婴儿。接受硬膜外麻醉的母亲所生的婴儿早期母乳喂养率较低。一项随机、双盲研究比较了三种用于分娩镇痛的硬膜外维持麻醉液:布比卡因 1 mg/mL、布比卡因 0.8 mg/mL 加芬太尼 1 mcg/mL 或布比卡因 0.625 mg/mL 加芬太尼 2 mcg/mL。产后 6 周,所有组的母乳喂养率均达到 94% 或更高,组间无显著差异。所有产妇均足月分娩,且均有强烈的母乳喂养意愿;几乎所有产妇均经阴道分娩。一项纳入 1204 名以色列女性的前瞻性队列研究旨在探讨分娩期间硬膜外镇痛的有效性。本研究采用以下方案:先以5 mL为单位,每次给予15 mL 0.1%布比卡因和100 mcg芬太尼,随后以5 mL为单位,采用患者自控硬膜外镇痛(PCA)模式,持续硬膜外输注10 mL 0.1%布比卡因和2 mcg/mL芬太尼,每次输注5 mL,锁定时间为15分钟。产后6周,接受硬膜外镇痛的母亲的母乳喂养率和纯母乳喂养率(分别为74%和52%)低于未接受硬膜外镇痛的母亲(分别为83%和68%)。然而,这种差异主要由产次造成,对经产妇的影响甚微。一项回顾性研究比较了土耳其一家医院接受择期剖宫产的女性,发现产后1小时和24小时,接受布比卡因脊髓麻醉(n=170)和接受全身麻醉(n=78)的女性的母乳喂养率没有差异。全身麻醉采用丙泊酚诱导,七氟醚维持,产后麻醉采用芬太尼。然而,产后6个月,全身麻醉组仍有67%的女性在母乳喂养,而脊髓麻醉组则为81%,差异具有统计学意义。另一项研究将169名孕妇随机分为三组,每组分别接受三种不同的硬膜外麻醉方案。其中一种溶液是0.1%或0.125%布比卡因与5微克舒芬太尼的混合液,另一种溶液是0.1%布比卡因与10微克舒芬太尼的混合液,两种溶液的体积均为15毫升。三组婴儿的平均LATCH评分无差异。一项瑞典观察性研究比较了接受静脉或肌注催产素的母亲所生婴儿的母乳喂养行为(无论她们是否同时接受了舒芬太尼(中位剂量10微克)或布比卡因(中位剂量17.5毫克)的硬膜外镇痛)。仅接受催产素输注的母亲所生婴儿的母乳喂养率与未接受任何干预的母亲所生婴儿的母乳喂养率相当。接受催产素联合硬膜外镇痛的母亲在产后第2天母乳喂养行为减少,体重下降更多。母乳喂养良好的婴儿的母亲血清催产素水平波动幅度大于母乳喂养不良婴儿的母亲。一项在塞尔维亚一家医院进行的非随机、非盲研究纳入了接近足月接受剖宫产的妇女,比较了全身麻醉(n = 284)与脊髓麻醉或硬膜外麻醉(n = 249)的效果。脊髓麻醉使用12 mg高渗布比卡因和0.01 mg芬太尼;硬膜外麻醉使用0.5%等渗布比卡因(每10 cm身高0.5 mg)和0.05 mg芬太尼。采用丙泊酚2.3 mg/kg和琥珀酰胆碱1.5 mg/kg诱导全身麻醉,随后进行气管插管,并吸入麻醉气体混合物和氧气。报告显示,分娩前气体中一氧化氮(可能是氧化亚氮)含量为50%,分娩后增至67%。部分病例也使用了七氟醚。分娩并结扎脐带后,产妇接受静脉注射芬太尼3 mcg/kg和罗库溴铵0.5 mg/kg以促进胎盘娩出。术后使用新斯的明和阿托品逆转神经肌肉阻滞。所有患者均在产后24小时内每8小时接受一次双氯芬酸钠1 mg/kg。 98%接受全身麻醉的患者同时服用了100毫克曲马多,78.5%的患者服用了1克对乙酰氨基酚。接受区域麻醉的患者未服用曲马多或对乙酰氨基酚。接受区域麻醉的患者泌乳较早(术后18小时和24小时分别为56%和29%),而接受全身麻醉的女性患者中,86%在术后36至48小时才开始泌乳。
蛋白结合
布比卡因的蛋白结合率约为95%。
布比卡因在治疗剂量下通常耐受性良好,但高剂量时可能引起显著毒性。常见副作用包括低血压、心动过缓以及中枢神经系统反应,例如头晕、耳鸣和癫痫发作。
心脏毒性,包括心律失常和心脏骤停,是布比卡因过量引起的严重不良反应。与S-对映体(左布比卡因)相比,外消旋混合物的毒性风险更高。
参考文献

[1]. Actions of Bupivacaine, a widely used local anesthetic, on NMDA receptor responses. J Neurosci. 2015 Jan 14;35(2):831-42.

[2]. A Comparative Analysis of Bupivacaine and Ropivacaine Effects on Human Cardiac SCN5A Channels. Anesth Analg. 2015 Jun;120(6):1226-34.

[3]. Inhibition of Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels by Bupivacaine Is Enhanced by the Adjuvants Buprenorphine, Ketamine, and Clonidine. Reg Anesth Pain Med.Jul/Aug 2017;42(4):462-468.

其他信息
1-丁基-N-(2,6-二甲基苯基)哌啶-2-羧酰胺是一种哌啶羧酰胺,由N-丁基哌啶酸的羧基与2,6-二甲基苯胺的氨基缩合而成。它是一种哌啶羧酰胺、芳香酰胺和三级胺化合物。它是1-丁基-2-[(2,6-二甲基苯基)氨基甲酰基]哌啶的共轭碱。布比卡因是一种广泛使用的局部麻醉剂。布比卡因是一种基于酰胺的局部麻醉剂。布比卡因的生理效应通过局部麻醉实现。布比卡因是一种长效的基于酰胺的局部麻醉剂。布比卡因可逆结合在神经膜上的特定钠离子通道,导致膜对钠离子的电压依赖性通透性降低,从而稳定膜结构;抑制去极化和神经冲动传导;并导致可逆的感觉丧失。脂质体包裹的布比卡因是一种脂质体封装的布比卡因制剂。布比卡因是一种长效的局部麻醉剂,属于酰胺类。在施用时,布比卡因可可逆地结合到神经膜上的特定钠离子通道,导致膜对钠离子的电压依赖性渗透性降低,并稳定膜结构。这导致去极化和神经冲动传导的抑制,从而导致可逆的感觉丧失。与单独使用布比卡因相比,脂质体递送延长了局部麻醉的持续时间,并由于布比卡因从脂质体的缓慢释放而延迟了峰值血浆浓度。布比卡因仅存在于使用或服用该药物的个体中。它是一种广泛使用的局部麻醉剂。布比卡因通过提高神经电刺激阈值、减慢神经冲动传播速度和降低动作电位上升速率来阻断神经冲动的产生和传导。布比卡因结合到钠通道的细胞内部分,阻止钠离子流入神经细胞,从而防止去极化。通常,麻醉的进展与受影响神经纤维的直径、髓鞘化程度和传导速度有关。临床上,神经功能丧失的顺序如下:(1) 疼痛感觉,(2) 温度感觉,(3) 触觉,(4) 本体感觉,(5) 骨骼肌张力。布比卡因的镇痛效果被认为与其结合前列腺素E2受体EP1亚型(PGE2EP1)有关,从而抑制前列腺素的产生,减少发热、炎症和痛觉过敏。
一种广泛使用的局部麻醉剂。
另见:布比卡因;美洛昔康(成分)。
药物适应症
作为植入物,布比卡因适用于成人在开放性腹股沟疝修补手术后,通过在手术部位放置药物以产生长达24小时的术后镇痛。布比卡因脂质体悬液适用于6岁及以上患者进行单次浸润以产生术后局部镇痛。在成人中,它也可用于臂丛神经间质阻滞以产生术后区域镇痛。布比卡因与美洛昔康联合使用时,适用于足踝手术、轻度至中度开放性腹部手术和成人患者的下肢关节置换手术后的72小时内的术后镇痛。布比卡因,单独或与肾上腺素联合使用,适用于成人患者的局部或区域麻醉或镇痛,适用于外科、牙科和口腔手术、诊断和治疗程序以及产科程序。针对每种类型的神经阻滞,建议使用特定浓度和制剂以产生局部或区域麻醉或镇痛。最后,由于其使用相关的显著临床风险,不建议在所有神经阻滞中使用布比卡因。
FDA标签
Exparel®脂质体适用于:成人患者进行臂丛或股神经阻滞以治疗术后疼痛。也适用于6岁及以上的成人和儿童作为局部麻醉剂,用于轻度至中度手术伤口的术后躯体疼痛。
术后镇痛
作用机制
与利多卡因类似,布比卡因是一种酰胺类局部麻醉剂,通过阻断神经冲动的产生和传导来发挥局部麻醉效果。这些冲动,也称为动作电位,主要依赖于通过电压门控钠通道进入神经元的钠离子引起的膜去极化。布比卡因穿过神经膜,通过阻断这些通道的跨膜孔的细胞内部分来发挥麻醉效果。这种阻断效应是使用依赖的;重复或延长的去极化增强了钠通道的阻断效应。由于钠离子无法通过通道孔,布比卡因在静息状态下稳定细胞膜,从而防止神经递质的传递。通常,麻醉的进展与受影响神经纤维的直径、髓鞘化程度和传导速度有关。临床上,神经功能丧失的顺序如下:(1) 疼痛,(2) 温度,(3) 触觉,(4) 本体感觉,(5) 骨骼肌张力。尽管布比卡因的主要作用机制,即阻断钠通道,已得到充分证实,但其其他镇痛效果可能与其结合前列腺素E2受体EP1亚型(PGE2EP1)有关,从而抑制前列腺素的产生,减少发热、炎症和痛觉过敏。局部麻醉剂通过阻断神经冲动的产生和传导来发挥作用。其机制可能是提高神经的电刺激阈值、减慢神经冲动的传播速度和降低动作电位的上升速率。通常,麻醉的进展与受影响神经纤维的直径、髓鞘化程度和传导速度有关。临床上,神经功能丧失的顺序如下:(1) 疼痛感觉,(2) 温度感觉,(3) 触觉,(4) 本体感觉,(5) 骨骼肌张力。
布比卡因盐酸盐单水合物是一种长效的酰胺类局部麻醉剂,广泛用于局部和区域麻醉。它通过阻断电压门控钠通道以及抑制TREK-1通道和其他离子通道来发挥作用。该化合物作为高纯度分析标准提供,用于药物分析和质量控制。布比卡因盐酸盐单水合物是一种处方药,不仅限于研究用途。该化合物的CAS号为73360-54-0。
*注: 文献方法仅供参考, InvivoChem并未独立验证这些方法的准确性
化学信息 & 存储运输条件
分子式
C18H31CLN2O2
分子量
342.9039
精确质量
342.207
CAS号
73360-54-0
相关CAS号
Bupivacaine;38396-39-3;Bupivacaine hydrochloride;18010-40-7;Bupivacaine-d9;474668-57-0
PubChem CID
2474
外观&性状
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
熔点
255-259℃
LogP
5.221
tPSA
45.06
氢键供体(HBD)数目
1
氢键受体(HBA)数目
2
可旋转键数目(RBC)
5
重原子数目
21
分子复杂度/Complexity
321
定义原子立体中心数目
0
SMILES
Cl[H].O=C(C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])N([H])C1C(C([H])([H])[H])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C=1C([H])([H])[H].O([H])[H]
InChi Key
LEBVLXFERQHONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C18H28N2O/c1-4-5-12-20-13-7-6-11-16(20)18(21)19-17-14(2)9-8-10-15(17)3/h8-10,16H,4-7,11-13H2,1-3H3,(H,19,21)
化学名
1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
存储方式

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

运输条件
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
溶解度数据
溶解度 (体外实验)
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
溶解度 (体内实验)
注意: 如下所列的是一些常用的体内动物实验溶解配方,主要用于溶解难溶或不溶于水的产品(水溶度<1 mg/mL)。 建议您先取少量样品进行尝试,如该配方可行,再根据实验需求增加样品量。

注射用配方
(IP/IV/IM/SC等)
注射用配方1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (如: 100 μL DMSO 50 μL Tween 80 850 μL Saline)
*生理盐水/Saline的制备:将0.9g氯化钠/NaCl溶解在100 mL ddH ₂ O中,得到澄清溶液。
注射用配方 2: DMSO : PEG300Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如: 100 μL DMSO 400 μL PEG300 50 μL Tween 80 450 μL Saline)
注射用配方 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如: 100 μL DMSO 900 μL Corn oil)
示例: 注射用配方 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) 为例说明, 如果要配制 1 mL 2.5 mg/mL的工作液, 您可以取 100 μL 25 mg/mL 澄清的 DMSO 储备液,加到 900 μL Corn oil/玉米油中, 混合均匀。
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注射用配方 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline = 10 : 90 [如:100 μL DMSO 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)]
*20% SBE-β-CD in Saline的制备(4°C,储存1周):将2g SBE-β-CD (磺丁基-β-环糊精) 溶解于10mL生理盐水中,得到澄清溶液。
注射用配方 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (如: 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (羟丙基环胡精) 500 μL Saline)
注射用配方 6: DMSO : PEG300 : Castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (如: 50 μL DMSO 100 μL PEG300 200 μL Castor oil 650 μL Saline)
注射用配方 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10: 10 : 80 (如: 100 μL Ethanol 100 μL Cremophor 800 μL Saline)
注射用配方 8: 溶解于Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), 然后用生理盐水稀释。
注射用配方 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如: 100 μL EtOH 900 μL Corn oil)
注射用配方 10: EtOH : PEG300Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如: 100 μL EtOH 400 μL PEG300 50 μL Tween 80 450 μL Saline)


口服配方
口服配方 1: 悬浮于0.5% CMC Na (羧甲基纤维素钠)
口服配方 2: 悬浮于0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
示例: 口服配方 1 (悬浮于 0.5% CMC Na)为例说明, 如果要配制 100 mL 2.5 mg/mL 的工作液, 您可以先取0.5g CMC Na并将其溶解于100mL ddH2O中,得到0.5%CMC-Na澄清溶液;然后将250 mg待测化合物加到100 mL前述 0.5%CMC Na溶液中,得到悬浮液。
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口服配方 3: 溶解于 PEG400 (聚乙二醇400)
口服配方 4: 悬浮于0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
口服配方 5: 溶解于0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
口服配方 6: 做成粉末与食物混合


注意: 以上为较为常见方法,仅供参考, InvivoChem并未独立验证这些配方的准确性。具体溶剂的选择首先应参照文献已报道溶解方法、配方或剂型,对于某些尚未有文献报道溶解方法的化合物,需通过前期实验来确定(建议先取少量样品进行尝试),包括产品的溶解情况、梯度设置、动物的耐受性等。

请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案:
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL;

3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用!
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。
制备储备液 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.9163 mL 14.5815 mL 29.1630 mL
5 mM 0.5833 mL 2.9163 mL 5.8326 mL
10 mM 0.2916 mL 1.4582 mL 2.9163 mL

1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;

2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;

3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);

4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。

计算器

摩尔浓度计算器可计算特定溶液所需的质量、体积/浓度,具体如下:

  • 计算制备已知体积和浓度的溶液所需的化合物的质量
  • 计算将已知质量的化合物溶解到所需浓度所需的溶液体积
  • 计算特定体积中已知质量的化合物产生的溶液的浓度
使用摩尔浓度计算器计算摩尔浓度的示例如下所示:
假如化合物的分子量为350.26 g/mol,在5mL DMSO中制备10mM储备液所需的化合物的质量是多少?
  • 在分子量(MW)框中输入350.26
  • 在“浓度”框中输入10,然后选择正确的单位(mM)
  • 在“体积”框中输入5,然后选择正确的单位(mL)
  • 单击“计算”按钮
  • 答案17.513 mg出现在“质量”框中。以类似的方式,您可以计算体积和浓度。

稀释计算器可计算如何稀释已知浓度的储备液。例如,可以输入C1、C2和V2来计算V1,具体如下:

制备25毫升25μM溶液需要多少体积的10 mM储备溶液?
使用方程式C1V1=C2V2,其中C1=10mM,C2=25μM,V2=25 ml,V1未知:
  • 在C1框中输入10,然后选择正确的单位(mM)
  • 在C2框中输入25,然后选择正确的单位(μM)
  • 在V2框中输入25,然后选择正确的单位(mL)
  • 单击“计算”按钮
  • 答案62.5μL(0.1 ml)出现在V1框中
g/mol

分子量计算器可计算化合物的分子量 (摩尔质量)和元素组成,具体如下:

注:化学分子式大小写敏感:C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
计算化合物摩尔质量(分子量)的说明:
  • 要计算化合物的分子量 (摩尔质量),请输入化学/分子式,然后单击“计算”按钮。
分子质量、分子量、摩尔质量和摩尔量的定义:
  • 分子质量(或分子量)是一种物质的一个分子的质量,用统一的原子质量单位(u)表示。(1u等于碳-12中一个原子质量的1/12)
  • 摩尔质量(摩尔重量)是一摩尔物质的质量,以g/mol表示。
/

配液计算器可计算将特定质量的产品配成特定浓度所需的溶剂体积 (配液体积)

  • 输入试剂的质量、所需的配液浓度以及正确的单位
  • 单击“计算”按钮
  • 答案显示在体积框中
动物体内实验配方计算器(澄清溶液)
第一步:请输入基本实验信息(考虑到实验过程中的损耗,建议多配一只动物的药量)
第二步:请输入动物体内配方组成(配方适用于不溶/难溶于水的化合物),不同的产品和批次配方组成不同,如对配方有疑问,可先联系我们提供正确的体内实验配方。此外,请注意这只是一个配方计算器,而不是特定产品的确切配方。
+
+
+

计算结果:

工作液浓度 mg/mL;

DMSO母液配制方法 mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。

体内配方配制方法μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。

(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
            (2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。

临床试验信息
Postoperative Analgesia Between Paravertebral Block and Epidural Block in Esophageal Surgery
CTID: NCT06704698
Phase: N/A    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-11-26
Phase 3 Adductor Canal Block With EXPAREL in Subjects Undergoing Primary Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty
CTID: NCT05139030
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-10-24
Rectus Sheath Block for Analgesia After Gynecological Laparotomy
CTID: NCT06575699
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-10-17
Intra-Articular Dexmedetomidine: A Treatment for Chronic Knee Pain
CTID: NCT06641206
Phase: N/A    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-10-15
Pain Palliation in Forearm Fractures in the Emergency Department
CTID: NCT06588907
Phase: N/A    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-10-01
View More

Efficacy and Safety of Liposomal Bupivacaine Injection for Paravertebral Nerve Block in the Treatment of Acute and Chronic Pain After Thoracoscopic Pneumonectomy: a Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Clinical Trial
CTID: NCT06569953
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-09-26


Superior Hypogastric Nerve Plexus Block With Bupivacaine After Robotic Resection of Endometriosis
CTID: NCT06577233
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-08-29
Dexmedetomidine in Obturator Nerve Block as an Analgesic in Transurethral Surgeries
CTID: NCT06229054
PhaseEarly Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-08-12
Nebulized Bupivacaine Analgesia for Cleft Palate Repair
CTID: NCT04928352
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-07-31
A Study of Bupivacaine Liposome Injection in the Treatment of Pain After Thoracoscopic Surgery
CTID: NCT06529432
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-07-31
Intrathecal Pethidine Plus Dexamethasone for Distal Lower Orthopedic Surgeries
CTID: NCT05303311
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-07-30
Impact of Opioid Avoidance Protocol for ACL Reconstruction
CTID: NCT06340932
Phase:    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-07-24
A Comparative Study of Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl as Additives to Bupivacaine in Pott's Fracture
CTID: NCT06502262
Phase: N/A    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-07-16
The Hemodynamic Effects of Different Volumes of Bupivacaine 0.25% Caudal Blocks in Pediatrics Undergoing Lower Abdominal Surgeries as Measured by Electrical Cardiometry
CTID: NCT05133687
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-07-09
Comparison of Clorotekal and Bupivacaine for Short Obstetric Surgery
CTID: NCT03967288
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Suspended
Date: 2024-06-21
Supraclavicular Bupivacaine Vs. Supraclavicular Liposomal Bupivacaine for Distal Radius Fracture Repair
CTID: NCT06179004
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-06-17
Comparison Between Genicular Nerve Block Combined With (IPACK) Block Versus Adductor Canal Block
CTID: NCT06423339
Phase: N/A    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-05-21
Liposomal Bupivacaine Single-Injection Interscalene Block vs. Continuous Interscalene Block for Primary Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
CTID: NCT05005260
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-05-07
Systemic Versus Local Dexmedetomidine as An Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Ultrasound Guided Erector Spinae Block
CTID: NCT06386770
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-05-03
Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus Lidocaine for Skin Graft Donor Site Pain
CTID: NCT03854344
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-05-01
A Study of Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus 0.25% Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Post Breast Reduction
CTID: NCT05891613
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-04-17
Interscalene Single Shot With Plain Bupivacaine Versus Liposomal Bupivacaine for Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery
CTID: NCT03638960
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-04-15
Liposomal Bupivacaine + Bupivacaine vs. Bupivacaine Alone on Opioid Use After Elective c/Section
CTID: NCT04232306
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Withdrawn
Date: 2024-04-10
Study in Subjects Undergoing Complete Abdominoplasty
CTID: NCT03789318
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-03-19
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride for Pain Control in Cutaneous Surgery
CTID: NCT04260854
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Enrolling by invitation
Date: 2024-03-18
Investigation of Corticosteroid Versus Placebo Injection in Patients With Syndesmotic Ligament Injury or High Ankle Sprain
CTID: NCT02892500
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Terminated
Date: 2024-02-13
Stellate Ganglion Block for Major Depressive Disorder.
CTID: NCT04727229
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-02-09
Dose and Concentration Relationship for PENG Block in Hip Surgery
CTID: NCT05400148
Phase:    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-02-07
A Phase 3 Study of F14 for Management of Pain Following Total Knee Replacement
CTID: NCT05603832
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2024-01-31
Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of EXPAREL Administered as a Pectoral Plane Block in Women Undergoing Breast Augmentation
CTID: NCT04293809
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-01-29
Exparel vs. Marcaine ESP Block for Post-cardiac Surgical Pain
CTID: NCT06077422
Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-01-26
Opioid Reduction Initiative During Outpatient Pediatric Urologic Procedures Using Exparel
CTID: NCT04826484
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Terminated
Date: 2023-12-26
ED90 of Bupivacaine After Lidocaine Test Dose With DPE and EPL
CTID: NCT06146842
Phase: N/A    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2023-11-27
Femoral Triangle Block With Popliteal Plexus Block Versus Femoral Triangle Block Versus Adductor Canal Block for TKA
CTID: NCT04854395
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-11-18
A Multi-surgery Assessment of ZYNRELEF (HTX-011), AMAZE.
CTID: NCT06109415
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-10-31
A Multi-surgery Assessment of ZYNRELEF (HTX-011), AMAZE
CTID: NCT06109428
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-10-31
Obstetric Liposomal Bupivacaine Via Surgical Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Post Cesarean Pain Control
CTID: NCT04897841
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-10-30
A Multi-surgery Assessment of ZYNRELEF (HTX-011), AMAZE. Master Protocol HTX-011-401.
CTID: NCT05109312
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2023-10-26
'Analgesic Efficacy of Combined Transversus Abdominis Plane Block and Posterior Rectus Sheath Block in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Appendectomy'
CTID: NCT06088082
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2023-10-18
Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Bupivacaine in the Presence and Absence of Perineural Dexamethasone in Axillary Blockade
CTID: NCT05359731
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-10-17
Topical Bupivacaine Effect On The Response To Awake Extubation During Emergence From General Anesthesia
CTID: NCT04471597
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-10-10
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Locally Administered HTX-011 for Postoperative Analgesia Following Bunionectomy
CTID: NCT02762929
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-10-04
Erector Spinae Plane Block and Ankle and Foot Surgery
CTID: NCT05708742
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-10-04
Inter-semispinal Plane Block and Cervical Spine Surgery
CTID: NCT06003933
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-09-13
Bilateral TAP and RS Blocks Using Liposomal Bupivacaine/Bupivacaine vs. Regular Bupivacaine in Laparoscopic Colectomy
CTID: NCT05224089
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-07-18
Comparison Between Bupivacaine and Bupivacaine With Dexmedetomidine in Caudal Block for Post Operative Pain Control
CTID: NCT05919173
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-07-11
PROUD Study - Preventing Opioid Use Disorders
CTID: NCT04766996
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Terminated
Date: 2023-06-22
Dexmedetomedine and Ketamine in Erector Spinae Block for Postoperative Analgesia Following Mastectomy.
CTID: NCT05727098
Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-06-08
Pediatric Postoperative Analgesia Herniorrhaphy Study
CTID: NCT03922048
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Withdrawn
Date: 2023-06-05
Comparing Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus Standard Bupivacaine in Colorectal Surgery
CTID: NCT03702621
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-05-17
Effectiveness of Combined Erector Spinae and Pecto-intercostal Fascial Plane Blocks Versus Thoracic Paravertebral Block in Perioperative Pain in Modified Radical Mastectomy
CTID: NCT04778267
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-03-13
Comparative Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) Block Versus Fascia Iliaca Compartment (FIC) Block on the Postoperative Analgesic Effect in Patients Undergoing Hip Surgeries Under Spinal Anesthesia.
CTID: NCT05751291
Phase: N/A    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2023-03-02
ED90 of Epidural Bupivacaine With Lidocaine for the Initiation of Labor Analgesia
CTID: NCT05543694
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-02-08
Transcutaneous Pulsed Radiofrequency in Migraine
CTID: NCT05499689
Phase: N/A    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2023-02-03
Continuous Erector Spinae Block for Post Analgesia in Pediatric Patients
CTID: NCT04613830
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-02-03
Comparison of Two Different Norepinephrine Bolus Doses for Management of Spinal Anesthesia-Induced Maternal Hypotension
CTID: NCT05502146
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-01-18
The Effect of Caudal Block on Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Pediatric Patients
CTID: NCT05216211
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-12-23
Efficacy and Safety Study of Postsurgical Analgesia With INL-001 in Abdominoplasty
CTID: NCT04785625
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-11-21
The Efficacy of Transversalis Fascia Plane Block in Pediatric Inguinal Hernia Repair
CTID: NCT04272320
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-11-16
Study of Peri-Articular Anaesthetic for Replacement of the Knee
CTID: NCT03326180
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-11-04
Comparison Between the Quadratus Lumborum Block ,Erector Spinae Plane Block in Lower Abdominal Surgery
CTID: NCT05524038
Phase: N/A    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2022-10-13
Effect of Intrathecal Dexamethasone on Intra-operative Hemodynamic in Elderly Patients Undergoing Urologic Endoscopic Surgery
CTID: NCT05549895
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2022-09-30
Phase 3, Sciatic Nerve Block With EXPAREL for Subjects Undergoing Bunionectomy
CTID: NCT05157841
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-09-08
Optimal Bupivacaine Dose for Initiation of Labor Epidural Techniques
CTID: NCT04814537
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-08-04
Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of EXPAREL, EXPAREL Admixed With Bupivacaine HCl vs. Bupivacaine HCl Administered as Combined Sciatic and Saphenous Nerve Blocks for Postsurgical Analgesia in Subjects Undergoing Lower Extremity Surgeries
CTID: NCT04518462
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-07-18
Modified Thoracoabdominal Nerve Block Through Perichondrial Approach (M-TAPA) in Major Abdominal Surgeries
CTID: NCT04920994
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-07-11
Ultrasound Guided Sacral Erector Spinae Plane Block in Pediatric Anorectal Surgery
CTID: NCT04921007
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-07-07
Efficacy of Liposomal Bupivacaine for Prolonged Postoperative Analgesia in Patient Undergoing Breast Reconstruction With Tissue Expander
CTID: NCT04278846
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-07-01
Dose-Ranging Study for Prolonged Postoperative Analgesia in Subject Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty
CTID: NCT00485693
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-06-28
A Randomized Control Trial Comparing Analgesic Benefits of Ultrasound-guided Single vs Continuous Quadratus Lumborum Blocks (QLB)vs Intrathecal Morphine(ITM) for Post Cesarean Section Pain
CTID: NCT04368364
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Terminated
Date: 2022-05-16
Glossopharyngeal Nerve Block on Post Tonsillectomy Pain Among Egyptian Children
CTID: NCT05109416
Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-04-22
PEMF and PEC Blocks in Mastectomy Reconstruction Patients
CTID: NCT03360214
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-03-09
Transmuscular Quadratus Lumborum Block Plus Pericapsular Injection vs Pericapsular Injection
CTID: NCT04353414
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-03-02
Four Quadrants Transverse Abdominus Plane (4Q-TAP) Block With Plain and Liposomal Bupivacaine vs. Thoracic Epidermal Analgesia (TEA) in Patients Undergoing Cytoreductive Surgery With Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) on an Enhanced Recovery Pathway
CTID: NCT03359811
Phase
Does subarachnoid administration of hyperbaric prilocaine produce an improved recovery from anaesthesia when compared with hyperbaric bupivacaine when used to facilitate cervical cerclage in pregnant women at risk of pre-term loss?
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: GB - no longer in EU/EEA
Date: 2020-04-02
Randomized, open and controlled clinical trial to evaluate pain after elective open surgery of the liver and pancreas in patients treated with spinal anesthesia with morphine chloride. On-Q incisional catheters.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2019-08-26
Hemodynamic safety of isobaric levobupivacaine versus isobaric bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in patients over 65 years, underwent hip surgery.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2018-05-09
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine Versus Hyperbaric Prilocaine 2% for Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia: a Randomised and Controlled Clinical Trial
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2018-01-11
Comparison of motor blockade duration in the context of scheduled caesarean section with spinal anaesthesia : hyperbaric Prilocaïne versus hyperbaric Bupivacaïne.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2017-12-11
SPAARK: Study of Peri-Articular Anaesthetic for Replacement of the Knee.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: GB - no longer in EU/EEA
Date: 2017-09-18
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Saline Placebo- and Active-Controlled, Multicenter Study of HTX-011 via Local Administration for Postoperative Analgesia and Decreased Opioid Use Following Unilateral Open Inguinal Herniorrhaphy
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-09-15
The effect of the popliteal plexus block on postoperative pain after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-06-20
Regional anaesthesia of the cutaneus nerves of the hip -
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-12-19
The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve – description of the sensory territory and a novel ultrasound guided nerve block technique
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-10-14
Outcome after total knee arthroplasty under general or spinal anesthesia, a randomized study
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-05-20
The effect of subsartorial saphenous block on postoperative pain following major ankle and hind foot surgery
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-04-05
Gluteus medius fascia plane block - Validating a new nerve block technique
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2015-10-12
Preoperative analgesic affect of combined obturator and femoral nerve block compared to femoral nerve block alone, in patients with hip fracture.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2015-07-30
Tendinopathy treatment effects and mechanisms 1 (TEAM 1): A randomised clinical trial of eccentric loading, high volume injection and shock wave therapy for Achilles tendinopathy.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: GB - no longer in EU/EEA
Date: 2015-07-28
'AnAnkle Trial': Peripheral nerve block vs. spinal anaesthesia for ankle fracture surgery – implications on pain profile and quality of recovery
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2015-04-30
Analgetisk effekt af proksimal supplerende nervus obturatorius blokade efter insufficient analgetisk effekt af nervus femoralis blokade hos patienter med hoftenær femurfraktur
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2015-03-17
Comparison of the effect of saphenous block with plain bupivacaine vs. protracted bupivacaine mixture as a supplement to continuos sciatic catheter after major ankle and foot surgery: a randomized study
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2015-01-07
Multi-centre randomised control trial comparing the clinical and cost effectiveness of trans-foraminal epidural steroid injection to surgical microdiscectomy for the treatment of chronic radicular pain secondary to prolapsed intervertebral disc herniation: NErve Root Block VErsus Surgery (NERVES)
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2014-10-08
Clinical trial with lozenges as local anesthesia for allogeneic bone marrow transplant patients with oral mucositis
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2013-05-10
Hemodynamic consequences of isobaric levobupivacaine versus hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in patients over 65 years, underwent hip surgery
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2013-04-22
Effect of local anesthesia in patients with marginal periodontitis undergoing subgingival scaling
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2012-11-15
The Efficacy of Continuous Intra-articular Infusion of Local Anaesthetic Agent following Elective Primary Hip Arthroplasty
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2012-08-02
Evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of morphine chloride added to a solution of spinal low dose of local anesthetic as compared to standard doses of spinal local anesthetic alone in patients undergoing haemorrhoidectomy: single blind controlled clinical trial with masked evaluation by third parties.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2012-05-07
Spinal vs intercostal block for analgesia after open cholecystectomy - differences in postoperative pain?
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2012-03-23
Analgésie post-césarienne : intérêt de l'injection sous-aponévrotique d'anesthésique local par cathéter multiperforé, par rapport à la morphine intrathécale.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2012-03-23
Study of the effects of pregabalin in postoperative pain control in general total intravenous anesthesia, general inhalation anesthesia and combined anesthesia
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2012-03-02
Clinical Trials with bupivacain lozenge as local anaesthesia under upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2012-02-28
Clinical Trials with lozenge as local anaesthesia as treatment of oral pain in burning mouth syndrome and Sjögrens syndrome
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2012-02-28
Comparison of periosteal and subcutaneous infusions of articaine and bupivacaine in treatment of acute pain after sternotomy
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2012-02-09
Posttonsillectomy peritonsillar bupivacaine infiltration for pain relief in children.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2012-01-04
Comparison of 2-chloroprocaïne, bupivacaïne and lidocaïne for spinal anesthesia in knee artroscopy in an outpatient setting: a double blind randomised trial
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2011-09-21
Randomized study comparing spinal anealgesia compared with epidural analgesia durinmg and postoperative nephrectomy dua to renal cell carcinoma
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2011-05-16
Ensayo clínico aleatorizado, doble ciego, de grupos paralelos, de la inyección intra-articular de plasma rico en plaquetas frente a la inyección intra-articular de betametasona y bupivacaína en la artrosis degenerativa de rodilla
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2011-03-31
Paracervical block (PCB) during II-trimester abortion – a randomized controlled trial
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 1, Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2011-03-28
Laskimonsisäisesti annetun rasvaemulsion kyky sitoa bupivakaiinia verenkierrossa
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2010-12-28
Comparación analgésica de bupivacaína, a diferentes dosis por catéter paravertebral torácico, y su implicación en la función pulmonar en pacientes intervenidos de toracotomía para cirugía de resección pulmonar
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2010-12-16
Comparison of the Effects of Intermittent Boluses to Simple Continuous Infusion on Patient Global Perceived Effect in Intrathecal Therapy for Pain.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: GB - no longer in EU/EEA
Date: 2010-11-25
Postoperative analgesia with wound catheter och Baxter Infusor after inguinalhernia operation ad modum Lichtenstein with net.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2009-11-11
What is the ED95 dose for bupivacaine for supraclavicular brachial plexus block using ultrasound?
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2009-11-02
An international, randomised, double blinded, multi-centre, active- and placebo-controlled dose response trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SABER-Bupivacaine for postoperative pain control in patients following arthroscopic shoulder surgery
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2008-12-17
Does concentration affect the ED50 of bupivacaine for supraclavicular brachial plxus block?
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2008-11-28
Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Analgesia in Renal Transplantation: A Randomised Controlled Trial
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2008-11-18
A Phase II, Single Dose, Blinded, Prospective Study to Investigate the Efficacy and
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2008-07-23
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Active-Control, Dose-Ranging Study to Evaluate the Safety, Efficacy, and Comparative Systemic Bioavailability of a Single Administration of SKY0402 via Local Infiltration for Prolonged Postoperative Analgesia in Subjects Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Prematurely Ended, Completed
Date: 2008-01-21
Comparison of intrathecal low-dose ropivacaine, bupivacaine and lidocaine for knee arthroscopy in ambulatory setting. a randomised, double-blind trial;
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2007-12-17
Post-operative analgesia for day-case ankle arthroscopy: Comparison of intra-articular racemic (RS)-bupivicaine with S(-)-bupivicaine.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2007-09-12
Postoperative epidural analgesia with Breivik's mixture (bupivacain, fentanyl, epinephrine) compared to Narop (rupivacain) combined with oral oxycodon after posterior lumbar fusion.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2007-08-10
A randomised, controlled trial to determine the median effective concentration of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine and ropivacaine after intrathecal and extradural injection for pain relief in the first stage of labour
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2007-05-29
Treatment of postoperative pain after arthroscopic shoulder surgery, a comparison between a fentanyl patch and local anaesthetic
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2007-05-16
A Randomised Controlled Trial of Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block vs. Morphine For Pain in Fractured Neck of Femur in the Emergency Department: A Pilot Study
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2007-02-23
Effects of the Modification of the Daily Flow Rate with a Constant Daily Dose on Patient's Reported Analgesia in Intathecal Therapy
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2006-11-27
Investigation into the effects of steroid and local anaesthetic infiltration into soft tissues in total hip replacement wounds on post-operative pain relief.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2006-10-13
Intrathecal bupivacaine and clonidine for ambulatory knee arthroscopy
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2006-08-21
SPINAL ANESTHESIA IN THE CAESAREAN CUT LEVOBUPIVACAINE VERSUS ROPIVACAINE VERSUS HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2006-05-03
Wirksamkeit periduraler Steroidinjektionen im Rahmen eines multimodelen Behandlungskonzeptes in der Therapie von nicht radikulären chronischen Rückenschmerzen
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2005-09-27
Effects of Lidocaine patch application of pain s subjective and objective components in patients with Myofascial Pain Syndrome MPS .
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2005-07-12
Protocol CLIN004−0009 (February 02, 2005): A Pharmacodynamic/Pharmacokinetic Study of SABER−Bupivacaine and/or Bupivacaine HCl Administered Intra−operatively During Open Inguinal Hernia Repair under Local Anaesthesia
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2005-04-21
Efficacy of intrarticular steroid injection in osteoarthritis of the first carpometacarpal joint (CMCJ).
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2005-01-31
An international, randomised, double blinded, multi-centre, active- and placebo-controlled dose response trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SABER-Bupivacaine for postoperative pain control in patients undergoing primary, elective, open, abdominal hysterectomy.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Prematurely Ended, Completed
Date:

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