Bupivacaine hydrochloride monohydrate

别名: 盐酸布比卡因;布比卡因 盐酸盐;盐酸布比卡因 USP标准品;盐酸布比卡因 标准品;盐酸布比卡因杂质
目录号: V70442 纯度: ≥98%
布比卡因盐酸盐一水合物是一种 NMDA 受体阻滞剂/抑制剂。
Bupivacaine hydrochloride monohydrate CAS号: 73360-54-0
产品类别: iGluR
产品仅用于科学研究,不针对患者销售
规格 价格 库存 数量
10mg
Other Sizes

Other Forms of Bupivacaine hydrochloride monohydrate:

  • Bupivacaine-d9 (Bupivacaine-d9)
  • Levobupivacaine-d9 hydrochloride
  • Bupivacaine N-oxide hydrochloride
  • 盐酸布比卡因
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InvivoChem产品被CNS等顶刊论文引用
产品描述
布比卡因盐酸盐一水合物是一种 NMDA 受体阻滞剂/抑制剂。布比卡因盐酸盐一水合物可阻断钠、L-钙和钾通道。 Bupivacaine HCl 一水合物可有效阻断 SCN5A 通道,IC50 为 69.5 μM。盐酸布比卡因一水合物可用于慢性疼痛研究。
生物活性&实验参考方法
靶点
NMDA Receptor
体外研究 (In Vitro)
在脊髓背角(与中枢敏化密切相关的区域)中,布西卡因可阻断 NMDA 受体介导的突触传递 [1]。布比卡因将半最大激活/失活膜电位移向更负的膜电位,这改变了通道激活和稳态失活的电压依赖性。 SCN5A 通道处于非活性状态时对布比卡因具有轻微敏感性 (IC50=2.18±0.16 μM) [2]。布比卡因的 IC50 为 16.5 μM,剂量依赖性且可逆地阻断 SK2 通道 [3]。
药代性质 (ADME/PK)
吸收、分布和排泄
局部麻醉药的全身吸收取决于给药剂量和浓度,以及给药总量。影响全身吸收速率的其他因素包括给药途径、给药部位的血流量以及麻醉溶液中是否存在肾上腺素。与[美洛昔康]配制的布比卡因用于滴注后,单次不同剂量的给药后,其全身指标各不相同。在接受拇外翻切除术的患者中,60 mg 布比卡因的 Cmax 为 54 ± 33 ng/mL,中位 Tmax 为 3 小时,AUC∞ 为 1718 ± 1211 ngh/mL。在疝修补术中使用 300 mg 剂量时,相应的数值分别为 271 ± 147 ng/mL、18 小时和 15,524 ± 8921 ngh/mL。最后,在全膝关节置换术中使用 400 mg 剂量时,相应的数值分别为 695 ± 411 ng/mL、21 小时和 38,173 ± 29,400 ngh/mL。
仅有 6% 的布比卡因以原形经尿液排出。
盐酸布比卡因被吸收入血后,其与血浆蛋白的结合率高于其他任何局部麻醉药;据报道,布比卡因的结合率为 82-96%。盐酸布比卡因是所有肠外局部麻醉药中胎盘转运程度最低的,因此可能对胎儿的抑制作用最小。
妊娠大鼠以0.33 mg·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹的速率静脉输注布比卡因,输注时间为15分钟。胎儿分别在输注结束时或给药后2小时或4小时娩出。采集母体和胎儿的血液及组织样本,采用毛细管气相色谱-质谱法测定布比卡因及其代谢物。布比卡因的消除半衰期为37.7分钟。主要代谢物为3'-羟基布比卡因。给药结束时,所有样本中均检测到布比卡因和3'-羟基布比卡因。胎儿血浆中布比卡因与母体血浆的浓度比为0.29,胎盘中为0.63。羊膜中布比卡因浓度最高:其浓度是母体血浆的三倍,是胎儿血浆的十一倍。给药4小时后,在所有母体和胎儿样本中均检测不到布比卡因,而除胎儿血浆和心脏外,所有组织中仍存在3'-羟基布比卡因。这些数据表明,胎盘两侧、羊膜和子宫肌层均吸收了大量的布比卡因。除胎儿血浆和心脏样本外,所有组织中均存在3'-羟基布比卡因,即使母体化合物已无法检测到。
在人体注射盐酸布比卡因进行尾部、硬膜外或周围神经阻滞后,血液中布比卡因的峰值浓度在30至45分钟内达到,随后在接下来的3至6小时内下降至可忽略不计的水平。
直接静脉注射盐酸布比卡因后的血浆药代动力学研究表明,其符合三室开放模型。第一室代表药物在血管内的快速分布。第二室代表药物在脑、心肌、肺、肾和肝脏等高灌注器官中的平衡。第三室代表药物在肌肉和脂肪等低灌注组织中的平衡。药物从组织分布中的清除主要取决于循环系统中结合位点将其运送至肝脏进行代谢的能力。
有关布比卡因(共 6 项)的更多吸收、分布和排泄(完整)数据,请访问 HSDB 记录页面。
代谢/代谢物
酰胺类局部麻醉药(如布比卡因)主要在肝脏中通过与葡萄糖醛酸结合进行代谢。布比卡因的主要代谢物是 2,6-哌啶甲酰亚胺,主要由细胞色素 P450 3A4 催化。
妊娠大鼠在 15 分钟内以 0.33 mg·kg-1·min-1 的速率接受布比卡因静脉输注。胎儿在输注结束时或给药后2小时或4小时娩出。采集母体和胎儿的血液和组织样本,采用毛细管气相色谱-质谱法测定布比卡因及其代谢物。布比卡因的消除半衰期为37.7分钟。主要代谢物为3'-羟基布比卡因。给药结束时,所有样本中均检测到布比卡因和3'-羟基布比卡因。血浆中布比卡因的胎儿与母体浓度比为0.29,胎盘中为0.63。羊膜中布比卡因浓度最高:比母体血浆高3倍,比胎儿血浆高11倍。给药4小时后,在所有母体和胎儿样本中均检测不到布比卡因,而3'-羟基布比卡因仍存在于除胎儿血浆和心脏以外的所有组织中。这些数据表明,胎盘两侧以及羊膜和子宫肌层均吸收了大量的布比卡因。即使母体化合物已无法检测,除胎儿血浆和心脏样本外,所有组织中仍存在3'-羟基布比卡因。
盐酸布比卡因主要通过N-去烷基化代谢为哌啶基二甲苯胺(PPX),该过程可能发生在肝脏。布比卡因主要以少量PPX、原药(5%)和其他尚未鉴定的代谢物的形式经尿液排出。酰胺类局部麻醉药(如布比卡因)主要在肝脏中通过与葡萄糖醛酸结合代谢。布比卡因的主要代谢物是2,6-哌啶甲酰亚胺,主要由细胞色素P450 3A4催化。消除途径:仅有6%的布比卡因以原药形式经尿液排出。半衰期:成人为2.7小时,新生儿为8.1小时。布比卡因与美洛昔康联合用于术后镇痛的中位半衰期为15-17小时,具体数值取决于剂量和给药部位。
妊娠大鼠接受布比卡因静脉输注,输注速率为0.33 mg·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹,输注时间为15分钟。胎儿在输注结束时或给药后2小时或4小时娩出。采集母体和胎儿的血液和组织样本,采用毛细管气相色谱-质谱法测定布比卡因及其代谢物。布比卡因的消除半衰期为37.7分钟。
盐酸布比卡因在成人体内的消除半衰期为1.5-5.5小时,在新生儿体内为8.1小时。
毒性/毒理 (Toxicokinetics/TK)
妊娠期和哺乳期影响
◉ 哺乳期用药概述
由于布比卡因在母乳中的浓度很低,且不经口服吸收,婴儿摄入的剂量很小,因此未对母乳喂养的婴儿造成任何不良影响。
有报道称,在分娩过程中,布比卡因与其他麻醉剂和镇痛剂联合使用可能会干扰母乳喂养。然而,由于研究中涉及的药物组合、剂量和患者人群各不相同,以及所用技术各异且许多研究的设计存在缺陷,因此这一评估存在争议且较为复杂。相比之下,在脐带结扎后开始的硬膜外布比卡因似乎可以提高母乳喂养的成功率,因为疼痛控制得到了改善。总体而言,在良好的母乳喂养支持下,无论是否联合芬太尼或其衍生物,硬膜外布比卡因对母乳喂养的成功率几乎没有或完全没有不良影响。分娩镇痛药物可能会延迟泌乳的开始。
◉ 对母乳喂养婴儿的影响
对产妇进行硬膜外布比卡因镇痛的13名母乳喂养婴儿未见明显不良反应。
30名接受剖宫产的患者接受了双侧腹横肌平面阻滞,使用的混合药物为52毫克0.25%盐酸布比卡因和266毫克1.3%脂质体布比卡因。其中两名婴儿出现短暂性呼吸急促,但无法确定其因果关系。在14天的随访期内,所有婴儿均无需再次入院。
◉ 对泌乳和母乳的影响
30名剖宫产妇女在脐带结扎后,分别接受了脊髓麻醉(未具体说明)(n = 15)或脊髓麻醉联合布比卡因(n = 15)的硬膜外输注。布比卡因的给药方案为:先给予12.5 mg的推注剂量,随后以17.5 mg/小时的速度持续输注,持续3天。接受布比卡因治疗的患者疼痛缓解效果更佳,表现为疼痛评分更低,且用于镇痛的双氯芬酸钠用量更少。此外,布比卡因治疗组患者的日产奶量也高于未治疗组,且该差异在产后第3天至第11天(研究结束)期间具有统计学意义。作者得出结论,疼痛缓解效果的改善提高了母乳喂养的成功率。
20名剖宫产妇女在脐带结扎后,分别接受了硬膜外输注布比卡因或布比卡因联合丁丙诺啡。布比卡因的给药方案为:先给予12.5 mg的推注剂量,然后以17.5 mg/小时的速度持续输注3天。丁丙诺啡的给药方案为:先给予200 mcg的推注剂量,然后以8.4 mcg/小时的速度持续输注3天。患者一旦能够坐起,便开始母乳喂养。两组患者在产后10天内的母乳喂养量和婴儿体重均有所增加;然而,单独使用布比卡因的患者增加幅度更大。
一项前瞻性队列研究比较了分娩过程中未接受镇痛的女性(n = 63)与接受芬太尼持续硬膜外镇痛联合0.05%至0.1%布比卡因(n = 39)或罗哌卡因(n = 13)的女性。布比卡因的总剂量为31至62毫克,从开始输注到分娩的平均总输注时间为219分钟。研究发现,两组在产后8至12小时的母乳喂养有效性或婴儿神经行为状态,以及产后4周的纯母乳喂养或部分母乳喂养的婴儿数量方面均无差异。
一项随机前瞻性研究测量了100名经产妇在分娩过程中接受硬膜外或静脉注射芬太尼后,足月健康婴儿的母乳喂养行为。硬膜外组首先接受100 mg布比卡因硬膜外注射,随后以25 mg/小时的速度持续输注。静脉芬太尼组接受15至20 mg布比卡因脊髓注射。两组婴儿的母乳喂养行为略有差异,静脉芬太尼组婴儿的母乳喂养表现略逊于硬膜外组。然而,所有母亲在24小时内均能进行母乳喂养。所有母亲均未出现严重的母乳喂养问题;硬膜外组有10名母亲报告有轻度或中度母乳喂养问题,静脉芬太尼组有7名母亲报告有母乳喂养问题。硬膜外麻醉组有 20 位母亲,静脉麻醉组有 14 位母亲使用了补充奶瓶喂养,两组差异无统计学意义。
一项针对剖宫产妇女的随机但非盲研究比较了布比卡因硬膜外麻醉与全身麻醉(静脉注射硫喷妥钠 4 mg/kg 和琥珀酰胆碱 1.5 mg/kg 诱导,随后使用氧化亚氮和异氟烷)的效果。结果显示,硬膜外麻醉组的首次母乳喂养时间显著短于全身麻醉组(107 分钟 vs 228 分钟)。这种差异可能是由麻醉对婴儿的影响造成的,因为全身麻醉组婴儿的Apgar评分、神经系统评分和适应性评分均显著低于对照组。
一项随机、多中心试验比较了接受高剂量硬膜外布比卡因单药治疗或两种低剂量布比卡因联合芬太尼组合治疗的女性的母乳喂养启动率和持续时间。该试验还比较了一个未接受硬膜外麻醉的匹配对照组。结果显示,硬膜外麻醉组和未接受药物治疗的非硬膜外麻醉组的母乳喂养启动率和持续时间均无差异。
一项针对低风险母婴的非随机研究发现,无论母亲接受不同剂量的布比卡因联合芬太尼硬膜外输注、单独接受不同剂量的芬太尼硬膜外输注,还是未接受任何分娩镇痛,新生儿的吸吮量总体上均无差异。按性别和吸吮次数进行的亚组分析显示,高剂量布比卡因和高剂量芬太尼对女婴有影响,而对男婴无影响。然而,研究组间诸多因素的不平衡使得该研究结果难以解释。
在一项前瞻性队列研究中,87名经产妇在分娩和阴道分娩期间接受了硬膜外布比卡因和芬太尼镇痛。负荷剂量为0.125%布比卡因和50-100微克芬太尼。维持硬膜外镇痛使用0.0625%布比卡因和0.2微克/毫升芬太尼。妇女接受的芬太尼中位剂量为151微克(范围30至570微克)。妇女在产后1周和6周填写了关于母乳喂养的问卷。大多数女性之前都有母乳喂养经验,在家有家人支持,并且有充足的产假。所有女性在产后1周都开始母乳喂养,95.4%的女性在产后6周仍在母乳喂养。
一项针对孕晚期至产后12个月的女性及其婴儿的全国性调查比较了分娩期间接受和未接受镇痛药物的母亲的泌乳第二阶段(lactroogenesis II)时间。药物类别包括:仅使用脊髓麻醉或硬膜外麻醉、脊髓麻醉或硬膜外麻醉联合其他药物,以及仅使用其他镇痛药物。与未接受分娩镇痛药物的女性相比,接受任何类别药物的女性泌乳第二阶段延迟(>72小时)的风险大约是前者的两倍。
一项随机研究比较了采用全身麻醉、脊髓麻醉或硬膜外麻醉进行剖宫产与自然阴道分娩对血清催乳素和催产素水平以及泌乳启动时间的影响。脊髓麻醉采用10~11 mg高渗5%布比卡因溶液,硬膜外麻醉采用10 mL(50 mg)0.5%布比卡因溶液。分娩后,所有组的患者均接受1 L生理盐水中30国际单位催产素的静脉输注,若血压正常,则加用0.2 mg麦角新碱。全身麻醉组(n = 21)的患者术后催乳素水平较高,且平均泌乳启动时间(25小时)长于其他组(10.8~11.8小时)。非药物阴道分娩组的产后催产素水平高于全身麻醉组和脊髓麻醉组,硬膜外麻醉组的血清催产素水平高于脊髓麻醉组。
西班牙一家公立医院的回顾性研究比较了分娩期间接受含芬太尼和布比卡因或罗哌卡因的硬膜外麻醉的母亲所生的婴儿。接受硬膜外麻醉的母亲所生的婴儿早期母乳喂养率较低。
一项随机、双盲研究比较了三种用于分娩镇痛的硬膜外维持液:布比卡因 1 mg/mL、布比卡因 0.8 mg/mL 加芬太尼 1 mcg/mL 或布比卡因 0.625 mg/mL 加芬太尼 2 mcg/mL。产后6周,所有组的母乳喂养率均达到94%或更高,组间无显著差异。所有母亲均足月分娩,且母乳喂养意愿强烈,几乎所有母亲均为阴道分娩。
一项针对1204名以色列女性的前瞻性队列研究,旨在探讨分娩过程中硬膜外镇痛的效果。该研究采用以下方案:先以5 mL的增量注射15 mL 0.1%布比卡因和100 mcg芬太尼,随后以5 mL的增量持续硬膜外输注10 mL 0.1%布比卡因和2 mcg/mL芬太尼,并采用患者自控硬膜外镇痛模式,每次追加5 mL,锁定时间为15分钟。产后6周,接受硬膜外镇痛的母亲的母乳喂养率和纯母乳喂养率(分别为74%和52%)低于未接受硬膜外镇痛的母亲(分别为83%和68%)。然而,这种差异主要由产次造成,该干预措施对经产妇的影响甚微。
一项回顾性研究比较了土耳其某医院接受择期剖宫产的女性,其中接受布比卡因脊髓麻醉的女性(n = 170)与接受全身麻醉的女性(n = 78)在产后1小时和24小时的母乳喂养率方面均无差异。全身麻醉采用丙泊酚诱导,七氟醚维持,芬太尼用于产后麻醉。然而,产后6个月时,全身麻醉组有67%的女性仍在哺乳,而脊髓麻醉组则有81%,这一差异具有统计学意义。
一项针对169名孕妇的研究将她们随机分配到三个组,分别接受三种溶液中的一种作为分娩时的硬膜外麻醉。其中,0.1%或0.125%的布比卡因与5微克舒芬太尼混合,0.1%的布比卡因与10微克舒芬太尼混合,每种溶液的体积均为15毫升。三组婴儿的平均LATCH评分无差异。
瑞典一项观察性研究比较了接受静脉注射或肌注催产素(无论是否同时接受舒芬太尼(中位剂量10微克)或布比卡因(中位剂量17.5毫克)硬膜外镇痛)的母亲所生婴儿的哺乳行为。仅接受催产素输注的母亲所生婴儿的母乳喂养情况与未接受任何干预的母亲所生婴儿的母乳喂养情况相当。接受催产素联合硬膜外镇痛的母亲在产后2天母乳喂养行为减少,且体重下降更多。母乳喂养良好的婴儿的母亲血清催产素水平波动性大于母乳喂养不良婴儿的母亲。
一项在塞尔维亚一家医院开展的非随机、非盲研究,纳入了接近足月接受剖宫产的妇女,比较了全身麻醉(n = 284)与脊髓麻醉或硬膜外麻醉(n = 249)的效果。脊髓麻醉采用高渗布比卡因12 mg和芬太尼0.01 mg;硬膜外麻醉采用等渗布比卡因0.5%(每10 cm身高0.5 mg)和芬太尼0.05 mg。全身麻醉采用丙泊酚2.3 mg/kg和琥珀酰胆碱1.5 mg/kg进行诱导和气管插管,随后吸入麻醉气体混合物和氧气。据报道,分娩前气体中一氧化氮(可能是氧化亚氮)的含量为50%,分娩后为67%。部分病例也使用了七氟醚。分娩并断脐后,产妇静脉注射芬太尼3 mcg/kg和罗库溴铵0.5 mg/kg以促进胎盘娩出。术后,使用新斯的明和阿托品逆转神经肌肉阻滞。所有患者在分娩后24小时内每8小时接受一次双氯芬酸钠1 mg/kg,98%的全身麻醉患者同时接受了100 mg曲马多,78.5%的患者接受了1 g对乙酰氨基酚。所有区域麻醉患者均未接受曲马多或对乙酰氨基酚。接受区域麻醉方案的患者泌乳较早(分别在术后 18 小时和 24 小时后达到 56% 和 29%),而接受全身麻醉的女性中,86% 的人在术后 36 至 48 小时才开始泌乳。
蛋白质结合
布比卡因的蛋白质结合率约为 95%。
参考文献

[1]. Actions of Bupivacaine, a widely used local anesthetic, on NMDA receptor responses. J Neurosci. 2015 Jan 14;35(2):831-42.

[2]. A Comparative Analysis of Bupivacaine and Ropivacaine Effects on Human Cardiac SCN5A Channels. Anesth Analg. 2015 Jun;120(6):1226-34.

[3]. Inhibition of Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels by Bupivacaine Is Enhanced by the Adjuvants Buprenorphine, Ketamine, and Clonidine. Reg Anesth Pain Med.Jul/Aug 2017;42(4):462-468.

其他信息
1-丁基-N-(2,6-二甲基苯基)哌啶-2-甲酰胺是一种哌啶甲酰胺,由N-丁基哌啶酸的羧基与2,6-二甲基苯胺的氨基缩合而成。它是一种哌啶甲酰胺、芳香酰胺和叔胺化合物。它是1-丁基-2-[(2,6-二甲基苯基)氨基甲酰基]哌啶鎓的共轭碱。
布比卡因是一种广泛使用的局部麻醉剂。
布比卡因是一种酰胺类局部麻醉剂。布比卡因的生理作用是通过局部麻醉实现的。
布比卡因是一种酰胺类长效局部麻醉剂。布比卡因可逆地与神经元膜上的特定钠离子通道结合,导致电压依赖性膜对钠离子的通透性降低,从而稳定膜结构;抑制去极化和神经冲动传导;并导致可逆性感觉丧失。脂质体布比卡因是一种脂质体包裹的布比卡因制剂,布比卡因是一种酰胺类长效局部麻醉药。给药后,布比卡因可逆地与神经元膜上的特定钠离子通道结合,导致电压依赖性膜对钠离子的通透性降低,并稳定膜结构。这导致去极化和神经冲动传导受到抑制,并导致可逆性感觉丧失。与单独使用布比卡因相比,脂质体递送可延长局部麻醉作用时间,并由于布比卡因从脂质体中缓慢释放而延迟其血浆峰浓度。布比卡因仅存在于使用或服用过该药物的个体体内。它是一种广泛使用的局部麻醉剂。布比卡因通过提高神经电兴奋阈值、减缓神经冲动的传播以及降低动作电位上升速率来阻断神经冲动的产生和传导。布比卡因与钠通道的细胞内部分结合,阻断钠离子流入神经细胞,从而防止去极化。通常,麻醉的进展与受累神经纤维的直径、髓鞘化程度和传导速度有关。临床上,神经功能丧失的顺序如下:(1)痛觉,(2)温度觉,(3)触觉,(4)本体感觉,(5)骨骼肌张力。布比卡因的镇痛作用被认为可能与其与前列腺素E2受体EP1亚型(PGE2EP1)结合有关,从而抑制前列腺素的生成,进而减轻发热、炎症和痛觉过敏。
一种广泛使用的局部麻醉剂。
另见:布比卡因;美洛昔康(成分)。
药物适应症
作为植入剂,布比卡因适用于成人,用于开放性腹股沟疝修补术后,将药物置于手术部位,以产生长达24小时的术后镇痛。布比卡因脂质体悬浮液适用于6岁及以上患者,用于单次浸润,以产生术后局部镇痛。在成人中,它还可用于臂丛神经间隙阻滞,以产生术后区域镇痛。布比卡因与美洛昔康联合使用,适用于成人患者足踝、中小开放性腹部手术以及下肢全关节置换术后72小时内的术后镇痛。布比卡因单独使用或与肾上腺素联合使用,适用于成人患者,用于手术、牙科和口腔外科手术、诊断和治疗操作以及产科手术的局部或区域麻醉或镇痛。针对每种用于产生局部或区域麻醉或镇痛的神经阻滞类型,均推荐特定的浓度和剂型。最后,鉴于其使用存在临床显著风险,并非所有神经阻滞都推荐使用布比卡因。
FDA标签
Exparel®脂质体适用于:成人患者,用于臂丛神经阻滞或股神经阻滞,以治疗术后疼痛。适用于6岁及以上成人和儿童,作为局部麻醉剂用于治疗中小手术伤口引起的术后躯体疼痛。
术后镇痛
作用机制
与利多卡因类似,布比卡因是一种酰胺类局部麻醉药,通过阻断神经冲动的产生和传导发挥局部麻醉作用。这些冲动,也称为动作电位,主要依赖于钠离子通过电压门控钠通道流入神经元而产生的膜去极化。布比卡因穿过神经元膜,通过阻断这些通道的跨膜孔道胞内部分发挥麻醉作用。这种阻滞作用具有使用依赖性,重复或长时间的去极化会增强钠通道的阻滞作用。由于钠离子无法通过通道孔道,布比卡因可稳定静息状态下的细胞膜,从而阻止神经递质的传递。一般来说,麻醉的进展与受累神经纤维的直径、髓鞘化程度和传导速度有关。临床上,神经功能丧失的顺序如下:(1)痛觉,(2)温度觉,(3)触觉,(4)本体感觉,(5)骨骼肌张力。虽然布比卡因的主要作用机制是阻断钠通道已得到充分证实,但布比卡因的其他镇痛作用可能与其与前列腺素E2受体EP1亚型(PGE2EP1)结合有关,后者可抑制前列腺素的生成,从而减轻发热、炎症和痛觉过敏。局部麻醉药通过阻断神经冲动的产生和传导来发挥作用,其机制可能是提高神经的电兴奋阈值、减缓神经冲动的传播速度以及降低动作电位的上升速率。一般来说,麻醉的进展与受累神经纤维的直径、髓鞘化程度和传导速度有关。临床上,神经功能丧失的顺序如下:(1)痛觉,(2)温度觉,(3)触觉,(4)本体感觉,(5)骨骼肌张力。
*注: 文献方法仅供参考, InvivoChem并未独立验证这些方法的准确性
化学信息 & 存储运输条件
分子式
C18H31CLN2O2
分子量
342.9039
精确质量
342.207
CAS号
73360-54-0
相关CAS号
Bupivacaine;38396-39-3;Bupivacaine hydrochloride;18010-40-7;Bupivacaine-d9;474668-57-0
PubChem CID
2474
外观&性状
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
熔点
255-259℃
LogP
5.221
tPSA
45.06
氢键供体(HBD)数目
1
氢键受体(HBA)数目
2
可旋转键数目(RBC)
5
重原子数目
21
分子复杂度/Complexity
321
定义原子立体中心数目
0
SMILES
Cl[H].O=C(C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])N([H])C1C(C([H])([H])[H])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C=1C([H])([H])[H].O([H])[H]
InChi Key
LEBVLXFERQHONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C18H28N2O/c1-4-5-12-20-13-7-6-11-16(20)18(21)19-17-14(2)9-8-10-15(17)3/h8-10,16H,4-7,11-13H2,1-3H3,(H,19,21)
化学名
1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
存储方式

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

运输条件
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
溶解度数据
溶解度 (体外实验)
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
溶解度 (体内实验)
注意: 如下所列的是一些常用的体内动物实验溶解配方,主要用于溶解难溶或不溶于水的产品(水溶度<1 mg/mL)。 建议您先取少量样品进行尝试,如该配方可行,再根据实验需求增加样品量。

注射用配方
(IP/IV/IM/SC等)
注射用配方1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (如: 100 μL DMSO 50 μL Tween 80 850 μL Saline)
*生理盐水/Saline的制备:将0.9g氯化钠/NaCl溶解在100 mL ddH ₂ O中,得到澄清溶液。
注射用配方 2: DMSO : PEG300Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如: 100 μL DMSO 400 μL PEG300 50 μL Tween 80 450 μL Saline)
注射用配方 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如: 100 μL DMSO 900 μL Corn oil)
示例: 注射用配方 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) 为例说明, 如果要配制 1 mL 2.5 mg/mL的工作液, 您可以取 100 μL 25 mg/mL 澄清的 DMSO 储备液,加到 900 μL Corn oil/玉米油中, 混合均匀。
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注射用配方 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline = 10 : 90 [如:100 μL DMSO 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)]
*20% SBE-β-CD in Saline的制备(4°C,储存1周):将2g SBE-β-CD (磺丁基-β-环糊精) 溶解于10mL生理盐水中,得到澄清溶液。
注射用配方 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (如: 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (羟丙基环胡精) 500 μL Saline)
注射用配方 6: DMSO : PEG300 : Castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (如: 50 μL DMSO 100 μL PEG300 200 μL Castor oil 650 μL Saline)
注射用配方 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10: 10 : 80 (如: 100 μL Ethanol 100 μL Cremophor 800 μL Saline)
注射用配方 8: 溶解于Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), 然后用生理盐水稀释。
注射用配方 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如: 100 μL EtOH 900 μL Corn oil)
注射用配方 10: EtOH : PEG300Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如: 100 μL EtOH 400 μL PEG300 50 μL Tween 80 450 μL Saline)


口服配方
口服配方 1: 悬浮于0.5% CMC Na (羧甲基纤维素钠)
口服配方 2: 悬浮于0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
示例: 口服配方 1 (悬浮于 0.5% CMC Na)为例说明, 如果要配制 100 mL 2.5 mg/mL 的工作液, 您可以先取0.5g CMC Na并将其溶解于100mL ddH2O中,得到0.5%CMC-Na澄清溶液;然后将250 mg待测化合物加到100 mL前述 0.5%CMC Na溶液中,得到悬浮液。
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口服配方 3: 溶解于 PEG400 (聚乙二醇400)
口服配方 4: 悬浮于0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
口服配方 5: 溶解于0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
口服配方 6: 做成粉末与食物混合


注意: 以上为较为常见方法,仅供参考, InvivoChem并未独立验证这些配方的准确性。具体溶剂的选择首先应参照文献已报道溶解方法、配方或剂型,对于某些尚未有文献报道溶解方法的化合物,需通过前期实验来确定(建议先取少量样品进行尝试),包括产品的溶解情况、梯度设置、动物的耐受性等。

请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案:
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如:用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液,按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂,澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明,并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中,混合均匀/澄清;向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80,混合均匀/澄清;然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL;

3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出,可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果,工作液请现配现用!
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液,请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。
制备储备液 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.9163 mL 14.5815 mL 29.1630 mL
5 mM 0.5833 mL 2.9163 mL 5.8326 mL
10 mM 0.2916 mL 1.4582 mL 2.9163 mL

1、根据实验需要选择合适的溶剂配制储备液 (母液):对于大多数产品,InvivoChem推荐用DMSO配置母液 (比如:5、10、20mM或者10、20、50 mg/mL浓度),个别水溶性高的产品可直接溶于水。产品在DMSO 、水或其他溶剂中的具体溶解度详见上”溶解度 (体外)”部分;

2、如果您找不到您想要的溶解度信息,或者很难将产品溶解在溶液中,请联系我们;

3、建议使用下列计算器进行相关计算(摩尔浓度计算器、稀释计算器、分子量计算器、重组计算器等);

4、母液配好之后,将其分装到常规用量,并储存在-20°C或-80°C,尽量减少反复冻融循环。

计算器

摩尔浓度计算器可计算特定溶液所需的质量、体积/浓度,具体如下:

  • 计算制备已知体积和浓度的溶液所需的化合物的质量
  • 计算将已知质量的化合物溶解到所需浓度所需的溶液体积
  • 计算特定体积中已知质量的化合物产生的溶液的浓度
使用摩尔浓度计算器计算摩尔浓度的示例如下所示:
假如化合物的分子量为350.26 g/mol,在5mL DMSO中制备10mM储备液所需的化合物的质量是多少?
  • 在分子量(MW)框中输入350.26
  • 在“浓度”框中输入10,然后选择正确的单位(mM)
  • 在“体积”框中输入5,然后选择正确的单位(mL)
  • 单击“计算”按钮
  • 答案17.513 mg出现在“质量”框中。以类似的方式,您可以计算体积和浓度。

稀释计算器可计算如何稀释已知浓度的储备液。例如,可以输入C1、C2和V2来计算V1,具体如下:

制备25毫升25μM溶液需要多少体积的10 mM储备溶液?
使用方程式C1V1=C2V2,其中C1=10mM,C2=25μM,V2=25 ml,V1未知:
  • 在C1框中输入10,然后选择正确的单位(mM)
  • 在C2框中输入25,然后选择正确的单位(μM)
  • 在V2框中输入25,然后选择正确的单位(mL)
  • 单击“计算”按钮
  • 答案62.5μL(0.1 ml)出现在V1框中
g/mol

分子量计算器可计算化合物的分子量 (摩尔质量)和元素组成,具体如下:

注:化学分子式大小写敏感:C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
计算化合物摩尔质量(分子量)的说明:
  • 要计算化合物的分子量 (摩尔质量),请输入化学/分子式,然后单击“计算”按钮。
分子质量、分子量、摩尔质量和摩尔量的定义:
  • 分子质量(或分子量)是一种物质的一个分子的质量,用统一的原子质量单位(u)表示。(1u等于碳-12中一个原子质量的1/12)
  • 摩尔质量(摩尔重量)是一摩尔物质的质量,以g/mol表示。
/

配液计算器可计算将特定质量的产品配成特定浓度所需的溶剂体积 (配液体积)

  • 输入试剂的质量、所需的配液浓度以及正确的单位
  • 单击“计算”按钮
  • 答案显示在体积框中
动物体内实验配方计算器(澄清溶液)
第一步:请输入基本实验信息(考虑到实验过程中的损耗,建议多配一只动物的药量)
第二步:请输入动物体内配方组成(配方适用于不溶/难溶于水的化合物),不同的产品和批次配方组成不同,如对配方有疑问,可先联系我们提供正确的体内实验配方。此外,请注意这只是一个配方计算器,而不是特定产品的确切配方。
+
+
+

计算结果:

工作液浓度 mg/mL;

DMSO母液配制方法 mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液(母液浓度 mg/mL)。如该浓度超过该批次药物DMSO溶解度,请首先与我们联系。

体内配方配制方法μL DMSO母液,加入 μL PEG300,混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80,混匀澄清后加入 μL ddH2O,混匀澄清。

(1) 请确保溶液澄清之后,再加入下一种溶剂 (助溶剂) 。可利用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等方法助溶;
            (2) 一定要按顺序加入溶剂 (助溶剂) 。

临床试验信息
Postoperative Analgesia Between Paravertebral Block and Epidural Block in Esophageal Surgery
CTID: NCT06704698
Phase: N/A    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-11-26
Phase 3 Adductor Canal Block With EXPAREL in Subjects Undergoing Primary Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty
CTID: NCT05139030
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-10-24
Rectus Sheath Block for Analgesia After Gynecological Laparotomy
CTID: NCT06575699
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-10-17
Intra-Articular Dexmedetomidine: A Treatment for Chronic Knee Pain
CTID: NCT06641206
Phase: N/A    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-10-15
Pain Palliation in Forearm Fractures in the Emergency Department
CTID: NCT06588907
Phase: N/A    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-10-01
View More

Efficacy and Safety of Liposomal Bupivacaine Injection for Paravertebral Nerve Block in the Treatment of Acute and Chronic Pain After Thoracoscopic Pneumonectomy: a Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Clinical Trial
CTID: NCT06569953
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-09-26


Superior Hypogastric Nerve Plexus Block With Bupivacaine After Robotic Resection of Endometriosis
CTID: NCT06577233
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-08-29
Dexmedetomidine in Obturator Nerve Block as an Analgesic in Transurethral Surgeries
CTID: NCT06229054
PhaseEarly Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-08-12
Nebulized Bupivacaine Analgesia for Cleft Palate Repair
CTID: NCT04928352
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-07-31
A Study of Bupivacaine Liposome Injection in the Treatment of Pain After Thoracoscopic Surgery
CTID: NCT06529432
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-07-31
Intrathecal Pethidine Plus Dexamethasone for Distal Lower Orthopedic Surgeries
CTID: NCT05303311
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-07-30
Impact of Opioid Avoidance Protocol for ACL Reconstruction
CTID: NCT06340932
Phase:    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-07-24
A Comparative Study of Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl as Additives to Bupivacaine in Pott's Fracture
CTID: NCT06502262
Phase: N/A    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-07-16
The Hemodynamic Effects of Different Volumes of Bupivacaine 0.25% Caudal Blocks in Pediatrics Undergoing Lower Abdominal Surgeries as Measured by Electrical Cardiometry
CTID: NCT05133687
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-07-09
Comparison of Clorotekal and Bupivacaine for Short Obstetric Surgery
CTID: NCT03967288
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Suspended
Date: 2024-06-21
Supraclavicular Bupivacaine Vs. Supraclavicular Liposomal Bupivacaine for Distal Radius Fracture Repair
CTID: NCT06179004
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-06-17
Comparison Between Genicular Nerve Block Combined With (IPACK) Block Versus Adductor Canal Block
CTID: NCT06423339
Phase: N/A    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-05-21
Liposomal Bupivacaine Single-Injection Interscalene Block vs. Continuous Interscalene Block for Primary Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
CTID: NCT05005260
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-05-07
Systemic Versus Local Dexmedetomidine as An Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Ultrasound Guided Erector Spinae Block
CTID: NCT06386770
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-05-03
Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus Lidocaine for Skin Graft Donor Site Pain
CTID: NCT03854344
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-05-01
A Study of Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus 0.25% Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Post Breast Reduction
CTID: NCT05891613
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-04-17
Interscalene Single Shot With Plain Bupivacaine Versus Liposomal Bupivacaine for Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery
CTID: NCT03638960
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-04-15
Liposomal Bupivacaine + Bupivacaine vs. Bupivacaine Alone on Opioid Use After Elective c/Section
CTID: NCT04232306
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Withdrawn
Date: 2024-04-10
Study in Subjects Undergoing Complete Abdominoplasty
CTID: NCT03789318
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-03-19
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride for Pain Control in Cutaneous Surgery
CTID: NCT04260854
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Enrolling by invitation
Date: 2024-03-18
Investigation of Corticosteroid Versus Placebo Injection in Patients With Syndesmotic Ligament Injury or High Ankle Sprain
CTID: NCT02892500
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Terminated
Date: 2024-02-13
Stellate Ganglion Block for Major Depressive Disorder.
CTID: NCT04727229
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-02-09
Dose and Concentration Relationship for PENG Block in Hip Surgery
CTID: NCT05400148
Phase:    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-02-07
A Phase 3 Study of F14 for Management of Pain Following Total Knee Replacement
CTID: NCT05603832
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2024-01-31
Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of EXPAREL Administered as a Pectoral Plane Block in Women Undergoing Breast Augmentation
CTID: NCT04293809
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-01-29
Exparel vs. Marcaine ESP Block for Post-cardiac Surgical Pain
CTID: NCT06077422
Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-01-26
Opioid Reduction Initiative During Outpatient Pediatric Urologic Procedures Using Exparel
CTID: NCT04826484
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Terminated
Date: 2023-12-26
ED90 of Bupivacaine After Lidocaine Test Dose With DPE and EPL
CTID: NCT06146842
Phase: N/A    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2023-11-27
Femoral Triangle Block With Popliteal Plexus Block Versus Femoral Triangle Block Versus Adductor Canal Block for TKA
CTID: NCT04854395
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-11-18
A Multi-surgery Assessment of ZYNRELEF (HTX-011), AMAZE.
CTID: NCT06109415
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-10-31
A Multi-surgery Assessment of ZYNRELEF (HTX-011), AMAZE
CTID: NCT06109428
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-10-31
Obstetric Liposomal Bupivacaine Via Surgical Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Post Cesarean Pain Control
CTID: NCT04897841
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-10-30
A Multi-surgery Assessment of ZYNRELEF (HTX-011), AMAZE. Master Protocol HTX-011-401.
CTID: NCT05109312
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2023-10-26
'Analgesic Efficacy of Combined Transversus Abdominis Plane Block and Posterior Rectus Sheath Block in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Appendectomy'
CTID: NCT06088082
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2023-10-18
Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Bupivacaine in the Presence and Absence of Perineural Dexamethasone in Axillary Blockade
CTID: NCT05359731
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-10-17
Topical Bupivacaine Effect On The Response To Awake Extubation During Emergence From General Anesthesia
CTID: NCT04471597
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-10-10
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Locally Administered HTX-011 for Postoperative Analgesia Following Bunionectomy
CTID: NCT02762929
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-10-04
Erector Spinae Plane Block and Ankle and Foot Surgery
CTID: NCT05708742
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-10-04
Inter-semispinal Plane Block and Cervical Spine Surgery
CTID: NCT06003933
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-09-13
Bilateral TAP and RS Blocks Using Liposomal Bupivacaine/Bupivacaine vs. Regular Bupivacaine in Laparoscopic Colectomy
CTID: NCT05224089
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-07-18
Comparison Between Bupivacaine and Bupivacaine With Dexmedetomidine in Caudal Block for Post Operative Pain Control
CTID: NCT05919173
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-07-11
PROUD Study - Preventing Opioid Use Disorders
CTID: NCT04766996
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Terminated
Date: 2023-06-22
Dexmedetomedine and Ketamine in Erector Spinae Block for Postoperative Analgesia Following Mastectomy.
CTID: NCT05727098
Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-06-08
Pediatric Postoperative Analgesia Herniorrhaphy Study
CTID: NCT03922048
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Withdrawn
Date: 2023-06-05
Comparing Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus Standard Bupivacaine in Colorectal Surgery
CTID: NCT03702621
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-05-17
Effectiveness of Combined Erector Spinae and Pecto-intercostal Fascial Plane Blocks Versus Thoracic Paravertebral Block in Perioperative Pain in Modified Radical Mastectomy
CTID: NCT04778267
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-03-13
Comparative Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) Block Versus Fascia Iliaca Compartment (FIC) Block on the Postoperative Analgesic Effect in Patients Undergoing Hip Surgeries Under Spinal Anesthesia.
CTID: NCT05751291
Phase: N/A    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2023-03-02
ED90 of Epidural Bupivacaine With Lidocaine for the Initiation of Labor Analgesia
CTID: NCT05543694
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-02-08
Transcutaneous Pulsed Radiofrequency in Migraine
CTID: NCT05499689
Phase: N/A    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2023-02-03
Continuous Erector Spinae Block for Post Analgesia in Pediatric Patients
CTID: NCT04613830
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-02-03
Comparison of Two Different Norepinephrine Bolus Doses for Management of Spinal Anesthesia-Induced Maternal Hypotension
CTID: NCT05502146
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-01-18
The Effect of Caudal Block on Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Pediatric Patients
CTID: NCT05216211
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-12-23
Efficacy and Safety Study of Postsurgical Analgesia With INL-001 in Abdominoplasty
CTID: NCT04785625
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-11-21
The Efficacy of Transversalis Fascia Plane Block in Pediatric Inguinal Hernia Repair
CTID: NCT04272320
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-11-16
Study of Peri-Articular Anaesthetic for Replacement of the Knee
CTID: NCT03326180
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-11-04
Comparison Between the Quadratus Lumborum Block ,Erector Spinae Plane Block in Lower Abdominal Surgery
CTID: NCT05524038
Phase: N/A    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2022-10-13
Effect of Intrathecal Dexamethasone on Intra-operative Hemodynamic in Elderly Patients Undergoing Urologic Endoscopic Surgery
CTID: NCT05549895
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2022-09-30
Phase 3, Sciatic Nerve Block With EXPAREL for Subjects Undergoing Bunionectomy
CTID: NCT05157841
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-09-08
Optimal Bupivacaine Dose for Initiation of Labor Epidural Techniques
CTID: NCT04814537
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-08-04
Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of EXPAREL, EXPAREL Admixed With Bupivacaine HCl vs. Bupivacaine HCl Administered as Combined Sciatic and Saphenous Nerve Blocks for Postsurgical Analgesia in Subjects Undergoing Lower Extremity Surgeries
CTID: NCT04518462
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-07-18
Modified Thoracoabdominal Nerve Block Through Perichondrial Approach (M-TAPA) in Major Abdominal Surgeries
CTID: NCT04920994
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-07-11
Ultrasound Guided Sacral Erector Spinae Plane Block in Pediatric Anorectal Surgery
CTID: NCT04921007
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-07-07
Efficacy of Liposomal Bupivacaine for Prolonged Postoperative Analgesia in Patient Undergoing Breast Reconstruction With Tissue Expander
CTID: NCT04278846
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-07-01
Dose-Ranging Study for Prolonged Postoperative Analgesia in Subject Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty
CTID: NCT00485693
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-06-28
A Randomized Control Trial Comparing Analgesic Benefits of Ultrasound-guided Single vs Continuous Quadratus Lumborum Blocks (QLB)vs Intrathecal Morphine(ITM) for Post Cesarean Section Pain
CTID: NCT04368364
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Terminated
Date: 2022-05-16
Glossopharyngeal Nerve Block on Post Tonsillectomy Pain Among Egyptian Children
CTID: NCT05109416
Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-04-22
PEMF and PEC Blocks in Mastectomy Reconstruction Patients
CTID: NCT03360214
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-03-09
Transmuscular Quadratus Lumborum Block Plus Pericapsular Injection vs Pericapsular Injection
CTID: NCT04353414
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-03-02
Four Quadrants Transverse Abdominus Plane (4Q-TAP) Block With Plain and Liposomal Bupivacaine vs. Thoracic Epidermal Analgesia (TEA) in Patients Undergoing Cytoreductive Surgery With Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) on an Enhanced Recovery Pathway
CTID: NCT03359811
Phase
Does subarachnoid administration of hyperbaric prilocaine produce an improved recovery from anaesthesia when compared with hyperbaric bupivacaine when used to facilitate cervical cerclage in pregnant women at risk of pre-term loss?
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: GB - no longer in EU/EEA
Date: 2020-04-02
Randomized, open and controlled clinical trial to evaluate pain after elective open surgery of the liver and pancreas in patients treated with spinal anesthesia with morphine chloride. On-Q incisional catheters.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2019-08-26
Hemodynamic safety of isobaric levobupivacaine versus isobaric bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in patients over 65 years, underwent hip surgery.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2018-05-09
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine Versus Hyperbaric Prilocaine 2% for Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia: a Randomised and Controlled Clinical Trial
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2018-01-11
Comparison of motor blockade duration in the context of scheduled caesarean section with spinal anaesthesia : hyperbaric Prilocaïne versus hyperbaric Bupivacaïne.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2017-12-11
SPAARK: Study of Peri-Articular Anaesthetic for Replacement of the Knee.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: GB - no longer in EU/EEA
Date: 2017-09-18
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Saline Placebo- and Active-Controlled, Multicenter Study of HTX-011 via Local Administration for Postoperative Analgesia and Decreased Opioid Use Following Unilateral Open Inguinal Herniorrhaphy
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-09-15
The effect of the popliteal plexus block on postoperative pain after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2017-06-20
Regional anaesthesia of the cutaneus nerves of the hip -
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-12-19
The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve – description of the sensory territory and a novel ultrasound guided nerve block technique
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-10-14
Outcome after total knee arthroplasty under general or spinal anesthesia, a randomized study
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-05-20
The effect of subsartorial saphenous block on postoperative pain following major ankle and hind foot surgery
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2016-04-05
Gluteus medius fascia plane block - Validating a new nerve block technique
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2015-10-12
Preoperative analgesic affect of combined obturator and femoral nerve block compared to femoral nerve block alone, in patients with hip fracture.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2015-07-30
Tendinopathy treatment effects and mechanisms 1 (TEAM 1): A randomised clinical trial of eccentric loading, high volume injection and shock wave therapy for Achilles tendinopathy.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: GB - no longer in EU/EEA
Date: 2015-07-28
'AnAnkle Trial': Peripheral nerve block vs. spinal anaesthesia for ankle fracture surgery – implications on pain profile and quality of recovery
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2015-04-30
Analgetisk effekt af proksimal supplerende nervus obturatorius blokade efter insufficient analgetisk effekt af nervus femoralis blokade hos patienter med hoftenær femurfraktur
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2015-03-17
Comparison of the effect of saphenous block with plain bupivacaine vs. protracted bupivacaine mixture as a supplement to continuos sciatic catheter after major ankle and foot surgery: a randomized study
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2015-01-07
Multi-centre randomised control trial comparing the clinical and cost effectiveness of trans-foraminal epidural steroid injection to surgical microdiscectomy for the treatment of chronic radicular pain secondary to prolapsed intervertebral disc herniation: NErve Root Block VErsus Surgery (NERVES)
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2014-10-08
Clinical trial with lozenges as local anesthesia for allogeneic bone marrow transplant patients with oral mucositis
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2013-05-10
Hemodynamic consequences of isobaric levobupivacaine versus hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in patients over 65 years, underwent hip surgery
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2013-04-22
Effect of local anesthesia in patients with marginal periodontitis undergoing subgingival scaling
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2012-11-15
The Efficacy of Continuous Intra-articular Infusion of Local Anaesthetic Agent following Elective Primary Hip Arthroplasty
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2012-08-02
Evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of morphine chloride added to a solution of spinal low dose of local anesthetic as compared to standard doses of spinal local anesthetic alone in patients undergoing haemorrhoidectomy: single blind controlled clinical trial with masked evaluation by third parties.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2012-05-07
Spinal vs intercostal block for analgesia after open cholecystectomy - differences in postoperative pain?
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2012-03-23
Analgésie post-césarienne : intérêt de l'injection sous-aponévrotique d'anesthésique local par cathéter multiperforé, par rapport à la morphine intrathécale.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2012-03-23
Study of the effects of pregabalin in postoperative pain control in general total intravenous anesthesia, general inhalation anesthesia and combined anesthesia
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2012-03-02
Clinical Trials with bupivacain lozenge as local anaesthesia under upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2012-02-28
Clinical Trials with lozenge as local anaesthesia as treatment of oral pain in burning mouth syndrome and Sjögrens syndrome
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2012-02-28
Comparison of periosteal and subcutaneous infusions of articaine and bupivacaine in treatment of acute pain after sternotomy
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2012-02-09
Posttonsillectomy peritonsillar bupivacaine infiltration for pain relief in children.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2012-01-04
Comparison of 2-chloroprocaïne, bupivacaïne and lidocaïne for spinal anesthesia in knee artroscopy in an outpatient setting: a double blind randomised trial
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2011-09-21
Randomized study comparing spinal anealgesia compared with epidural analgesia durinmg and postoperative nephrectomy dua to renal cell carcinoma
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2011-05-16
Ensayo clínico aleatorizado, doble ciego, de grupos paralelos, de la inyección intra-articular de plasma rico en plaquetas frente a la inyección intra-articular de betametasona y bupivacaína en la artrosis degenerativa de rodilla
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2011-03-31
Paracervical block (PCB) during II-trimester abortion – a randomized controlled trial
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 1, Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2011-03-28
Laskimonsisäisesti annetun rasvaemulsion kyky sitoa bupivakaiinia verenkierrossa
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2010-12-28
Comparación analgésica de bupivacaína, a diferentes dosis por catéter paravertebral torácico, y su implicación en la función pulmonar en pacientes intervenidos de toracotomía para cirugía de resección pulmonar
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2010-12-16
Comparison of the Effects of Intermittent Boluses to Simple Continuous Infusion on Patient Global Perceived Effect in Intrathecal Therapy for Pain.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: GB - no longer in EU/EEA
Date: 2010-11-25
Postoperative analgesia with wound catheter och Baxter Infusor after inguinalhernia operation ad modum Lichtenstein with net.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2009-11-11
What is the ED95 dose for bupivacaine for supraclavicular brachial plexus block using ultrasound?
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2009-11-02
An international, randomised, double blinded, multi-centre, active- and placebo-controlled dose response trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SABER-Bupivacaine for postoperative pain control in patients following arthroscopic shoulder surgery
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2008-12-17
Does concentration affect the ED50 of bupivacaine for supraclavicular brachial plxus block?
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2008-11-28
Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Analgesia in Renal Transplantation: A Randomised Controlled Trial
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2008-11-18
A Phase II, Single Dose, Blinded, Prospective Study to Investigate the Efficacy and
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2008-07-23
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Active-Control, Dose-Ranging Study to Evaluate the Safety, Efficacy, and Comparative Systemic Bioavailability of a Single Administration of SKY0402 via Local Infiltration for Prolonged Postoperative Analgesia in Subjects Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Prematurely Ended, Completed
Date: 2008-01-21
Comparison of intrathecal low-dose ropivacaine, bupivacaine and lidocaine for knee arthroscopy in ambulatory setting. a randomised, double-blind trial;
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2007-12-17
Post-operative analgesia for day-case ankle arthroscopy: Comparison of intra-articular racemic (RS)-bupivicaine with S(-)-bupivicaine.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2007-09-12
Postoperative epidural analgesia with Breivik's mixture (bupivacain, fentanyl, epinephrine) compared to Narop (rupivacain) combined with oral oxycodon after posterior lumbar fusion.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2007-08-10
A randomised, controlled trial to determine the median effective concentration of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine and ropivacaine after intrathecal and extradural injection for pain relief in the first stage of labour
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2007-05-29
Treatment of postoperative pain after arthroscopic shoulder surgery, a comparison between a fentanyl patch and local anaesthetic
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2007-05-16
A Randomised Controlled Trial of Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block vs. Morphine For Pain in Fractured Neck of Femur in the Emergency Department: A Pilot Study
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2007-02-23
Effects of the Modification of the Daily Flow Rate with a Constant Daily Dose on Patient's Reported Analgesia in Intathecal Therapy
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2006-11-27
Investigation into the effects of steroid and local anaesthetic infiltration into soft tissues in total hip replacement wounds on post-operative pain relief.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2006-10-13
Intrathecal bupivacaine and clonidine for ambulatory knee arthroscopy
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2006-08-21
SPINAL ANESTHESIA IN THE CAESAREAN CUT LEVOBUPIVACAINE VERSUS ROPIVACAINE VERSUS HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2006-05-03
Wirksamkeit periduraler Steroidinjektionen im Rahmen eines multimodelen Behandlungskonzeptes in der Therapie von nicht radikulären chronischen Rückenschmerzen
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2005-09-27
Effects of Lidocaine patch application of pain s subjective and objective components in patients with Myofascial Pain Syndrome MPS .
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2005-07-12
Protocol CLIN004−0009 (February 02, 2005): A Pharmacodynamic/Pharmacokinetic Study of SABER−Bupivacaine and/or Bupivacaine HCl Administered Intra−operatively During Open Inguinal Hernia Repair under Local Anaesthesia
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2005-04-21
Efficacy of intrarticular steroid injection in osteoarthritis of the first carpometacarpal joint (CMCJ).
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2005-01-31
An international, randomised, double blinded, multi-centre, active- and placebo-controlled dose response trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SABER-Bupivacaine for postoperative pain control in patients undergoing primary, elective, open, abdominal hysterectomy.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Prematurely Ended, Completed
Date:

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