沙格列汀（100 nM；48 小时；INS-1 832/13 细胞）治疗显着增加了 S β 细胞的增殖[1]。用沙格列汀（100 nM；48 小时；INS-1 832/13 细胞）处理可提高 p-AKT 和活性 β-catenin 蛋白的水平，以及 c-myc 和细胞周期蛋白 D1 的产生 [1]。为了增加胰岛素分泌并减少胰高血糖素分泌，沙格列汀抑制胰高血糖素样肽-1的分解[3]。

给高脂饮食并用链脲佐菌素刺激的糖尿病大鼠施用沙格列汀（1 mg/kg）12周。这导致通过高血糖钳测量测量的胰腺胰岛素分泌能力显着增加，以及β细胞和α细胞面积之间的比率增加[1]。在 Han-Wistar 大鼠中，沙格列汀剂量依赖性地抑制血浆 DPP-4 活性； 1mg/kg给药后7小时约发生70%抑制，10mg/kg给药后7小时约90%抑制发生。注射24小时后，抑制效果仍然存在，分别约为20%和70%[2]。

细胞活力测定 [1]
细胞类型： INS-1 832/13 细胞
测试浓度： 100 nM
孵育时间： 48小时
实验结果：显着诱导β细胞增殖。

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蛋白质印迹分析[1]
细胞类型： INS-1 832/13 细胞
测试浓度： 100 nM
孵育时间：48小时
实验结果：p-AKT和活性β-catenin蛋白水平增加，而c-myc和cyclin蛋白水平增加D1 蛋白表达。

[1]. Chun-Jun Li, et al. Saxagliptin Induces β-Cell Proliferation through Increasing Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1α In Vivo and In Vitro. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2017 Nov 27;8:326.
[2]. Darshan J Dave. Saxagliptin: A dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2011 Oct;2(4):230-5.
[3]. Carolyn F Deacon, et al. Saxagliptin: a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Adv Ther. 2009 May;26(5):488-99.

C18H26CLN3O2

351.875

709031-78-7

Saxagliptin;361442-04-8;Saxagliptin hydrate;945667-22-1

[H]Cl.N#C[C@H]1N(C([C@H]([C@]2(C[C@@H](C3)C4)C[C@]4(O)C[C@@H]3C2)N)=O)[C@@]5([H])C[C@@]5([H])C1

TUAZNHHHYVBVBR-IGSRIJEQSA-N

InChI=1S/C18H25N3O2.ClH/c19-8-13-2-12-3-14(12)21(13)16(22)15(20)17-4-10-1-11(5-17)7-18(23,6-10)9-17/h10-15,23H,1-7,9,20H21H/t10-,11+,12-,13+,14+,15-,17+,18-/m1./s1

(1S,3S,5S)-2-((2S)-Amino(3-hydroxytricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)dec-1-yl)acetyl)2- azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexane-3-carbonitrile hydrochloride

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出，可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果，工作液请现配现用！
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。