ACVR1 (IC50 = 5 nM); BMPR1A (IC50 = 30 nM); ALK2 (IC50 = 5 nM), ALK3 (IC50 = 30 nM)
LDN-193189 2HCl targets bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptors (ALK1/2/3/6), with an IC50 of ~5 nM for inhibiting BMP4-induced phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 in PASMCs; it also inhibits TGF-β signaling with an IC50 ≥ 1 μM and targets ActRIIA (type II activin receptor) [1]
LDN-193189 2HCl inhibits myostatin/GDF8 signaling by targeting BMP type I receptors (ALK1/2/3/6) and ActRIIA; it represses GDF8-induced Smad2/3 signaling with an IC50 of 0.05 μM for inhibiting GDF8-induced (CAGA)₁₂-luciferase activity and 0.05 μM for inhibiting BMP2-induced BRE-luciferase activity [2]
LDN-193189 2HCl targets BMP type I receptors in breast cancer cells, interfering with the BMP pathway regulated by the ZNF217 oncogene [3]

LDN-193189 的 IC50 值分别为 5 nM 和 30 nM，可有效抑制 BMP I 型受体 ALK2 和 ALK3 的转录活性[1]。 LDN-193189 的 IC50 值低于 500 nM，对激活素和 TGF-β I 型受体 ALK4、ALK5 和 ALK7 的影响可以忽略不计[1]。 ActRIIA 与 LDN-193189 结合，Kd 值为 14 nM[2]。 LDN-193189（0.5 μM；30 分钟）靶向抑制 GDF8 触发的肌源性转录因子和 Smad2/3 信号传导[2]。有效抑制 GDF8 诱导的 Smad3/4 报告基因活性的是 LDN-193189（0.05、0.5 和 5 μM）[2]。 GDF8 处理的成肌细胞看到 LDN-193189 (0–5 μM) 恢复了其肌生成[2]。

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LDN-193189 2HCl在PASMCs中强效抑制BMP4诱导的Smad1/5/8磷酸化（IC50约5 nM），对TGF-β诱导的信号通路抑制作用较弱（IC50≥1 μM）[1]
LDN-193189 2HCl在COS细胞中以浓度依赖的方式降低组成型活性ALK2突变体（ALK2^R206H和ALK2^Q207D）的转录活性，抑制Id1启动子活性[1]
LDN-193189 2HCl（100 nM）可阻断BMP4诱导的C2C12细胞成骨分化，且不影响细胞活力[1]
LDN-193189 2HCl（0.5 μM）在未分化和分化的原代人成肌细胞及C2C12前成肌细胞中，抑制GDF8诱导的Smad2/3和p38磷酸化[2]
LDN-193189 2HCl（0.05 μM）在C2C12细胞中抑制GDF8诱导的(CAGA)₁₂-荧光素酶活性和BMP2诱导的BRE-荧光素酶活性；在0.5 μM浓度下抑制TGF-β诱导的(CAGA)₁₂-荧光素酶活性[2]
LDN-193189 2HCl可挽救GDF8处理的成肌细胞的成肌分化，上调成肌转录因子（MyoD、肌细胞生成素），并增加C2C12细胞和原代人成肌细胞中MHC阳性肌管的形成[2]
LDN-193189 2HCl（0.5 μM）在体外促进C2C12细胞中肌管网络的收缩活性，可通过延时微分干涉相差显微镜检测到这一效应[2]

LDN-193189（腹腔注射；3 mg/kg；每天；35 天）可能会影响乳腺癌细胞与其周围骨骼的相互作用[3]。 LDN-193189（腹腔注射；3 mg/kg；单剂量）可减少功能损伤和异位骨化 [1]。

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BMP I型受体激酶的选择性抑制剂LDN-193189（参考文献6）抑制由腺病毒特异性Cre诱导的表达caALK2的组织中BMP信号效应器SMAD1、SMAD5和SMAD8的激活（Ad.Cre）。这种治疗减少了异位骨化和功能损害。与Ad.Cre对caALK2的局部诱导（这会引起炎症）相反，caALK2在出生后的整体表达（在不使用Ad.Cre的情况下诱导，因此没有炎症）不会导致异位骨化。然而，如果在这种情况下，用对照腺病毒提供炎症刺激，则会诱导异位骨形成。与LDN-193189一样，皮质类固醇抑制Ad.Cre-injected突变小鼠的骨化，表明caALK2表达和炎症环境都是该模型异位骨化发展所必需的。这些结果支持ALK2激酶活性失调在FOP发病机制中的作用，并表明小分子抑制BMP I型受体活性可能有助于治疗FOP和与过量BMP信号相关的异位骨化综合征。[1]

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在本研究中，研究人员旨在调查LDN-193189化合物（BMP I型受体的强效抑制剂）对体内转移发展的影响。将ZNF217-revLuc细胞注射到裸鼠（n=16）的左心室中，而对照组小鼠（n=13）接种对照pcDNA6-revLuc电池。每组小鼠用LDN-193189治疗或不治疗35天。我们发现，对小鼠进行全身LDN-193189治疗，通过增加转移的数量和大小，显著促进了转移的发展。在注射pcDNA6-revLuc的小鼠中，LDN-193189也影响了转移出现的动力学。总之，这些数据表明，在体内，LDN-193189可能影响癌症细胞与骨环境之间的相互作用，有利于多发转移的出现和发展。因此，我们的报告强调了骨转移治疗中药物选择和治疗策略的重要性。[3]

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LDN-193189 2HCl处理可减少Ad.Cre注射的条件性caALK2表达小鼠的异位骨化和关节融合，保留关节间隙，并减轻踝关节被动活动度损伤（P < 0.001）[1]
LDN-193189 2HCl降低Ad.Cre注射的caALK2突变小鼠后肢肌肉中核p-Smad1/5/8和Runx2的表达，减少碱性磷酸酶染色（成骨细胞活性和软骨内骨形成的标志物）[1]
LDN-193189 2HCl处理经心内注射ZNF217-revLuc或pcDNA6-revLuc乳腺癌细胞的裸鼠，可显著促进转移灶的发展，增加转移灶的数量和大小，并改变转移出现的动力学[3]
LDN-193189 2HCl增加ZNF217-revLuc和pcDNA6-revLuc注射小鼠的总转移负荷（通过生物发光检测，P < 0.05）[3]

Id1和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1启动子萤光素酶报告基因测定[1] 我们使用Fugene6，用0.3μg Id1启动子荧光素酶报告子构建体（BRE-Luc30，由P.ten Dijke提供）和0.6μg表达组成型活性形式的BMP I型受体（caALK2、caALK3或caALK631，由K.Miyazono提供）的质粒在六孔板中瞬时转染生长至50%汇合的小鼠PASMC。为了评估激活素和TGF-βI型受体的功能，我们用0.3μg PAI1（纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1）启动子萤光素酶报告子构建体（CAGA-Luc32，由P.ten Dijke提供）与0.6μg表达I型受体组成型活性形式（caALK4、caALK5和caALK733）的质粒联合瞬时转染PASMC。对于两个报告质粒，我们使用0.2μg的pRL-TK雷尼拉萤光素酶来控制转染效率。我们在转染后1小时开始用LDN-193189（2 nM–32μM）或载体孵育PASMC。我们采集了细胞提取物，并用双荧光素酶测定试剂盒通过萤火虫与雷尼拉萤光素酶活性的比率来量化相对启动子活性。

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采用等温滴定量热法（ITC）检测LDN-193189 2HCl与ActRIIA的结合亲和力，将抑制剂滴定至纯化的ActRIIA蛋白溶液中，记录结合过程中的热变化以计算解离常数（Kd）,记录了背索吗啡与ActRIIA的Kd为58 nM [2]
在PASMCs中开展激酶活性实验，评估LDN-193189 2HCl对BMP4诱导的Smad1/5/8磷酸化的抑制作用；向细胞中加入BMP4（10 ng ml⁻¹）和不同浓度的LDN-193189 2HCl，随后通过定量免疫印迹分析细胞裂解物，确定抑制Smad1/5/8磷酸化的IC50 [1]

Smad1、Smad5和Smad8磷酸化的免疫印迹分析[1] 我们在SDS裂解缓冲液（62.5mM Tris-HCl（pH 6.8）、2%SDS、10%甘油、50mM二硫苏糖醇和0.01%溴酚蓝）中机械匀浆细胞提取物，通过SDS-PAGE分离蛋白质，用磷酸化Smad1、Smad5和Smad8特异性多克隆抗体、磷酸化Smad2或兔Smad1或Smad2特异性单克隆抗体免疫印迹，并用ECL-Plus观察免疫反应蛋白。

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将原代人成肌细胞和C2C12前成肌细胞血清饥饿后，用LDN-193189 2HCl（0.5 μM）预处理30分钟，再用GDF8（8 nM）刺激45分钟；对细胞裂解物进行免疫印迹，检测磷酸化Smad2/3、p38及总Smad/p38蛋白，并对条带强度进行密度定量[2]
将Smad3/4响应的(CAGA)₁₂-荧光素酶或Smad1/5响应的BRE-荧光素酶报告载体与海肾荧光素酶载体共转染C2C12细胞；血清饥饿后，用LDN-193189 2HCl（0.05–0.5 μM）处理细胞，并加入GDF8（20 nM）、BMP2（10 nM）或TGF-β（100 pM）刺激6小时，随后检测荧光素酶活性并以海肾荧光素酶活性校正[2]
将C2C12细胞和原代人成肌细胞培养至汇合后，换用含LDN-193189 2HCl（0.5 μM）的分化培养基（加或不加GDF8 8 nM）；分化3天后，对细胞进行骨骼肌MHC（肌球蛋白重链）和DAPI免疫染色，通过数字图像分析MHC阳性区域和细胞核数量，定量成肌分化程度[2]
将表达条件性caALK2^Q207D转基因的PASMCs感染Ad.Cre或Ad.GFP，并预处理LDN-193189 2HCl（100 nM）；通过免疫印迹分析细胞裂解物中的磷酸化Smad1/5/8和总Smad1，评估BMP信号通路的抑制效果[1]

Dissolved in DMSO and then diluted in water; 3 mg/kg; i.p. injection
Ad.Cre on P7 is injected into conditional caALK2–transgenic and wild-type mice Conditionally-expressed, constitutively-active ALK2–transgenic mice[1]
The construction of mice expressing a single conditionally expressed allele of the gene encoding constitutively-active ALK2Q207D (CAG-Z-EGFP-caALK2) on a C57BL/6 background was previously described. We obtained CAGGS-CreER mice, which express a tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase ubiquitously under the control of the cytomegalovirus immediate-early enhancer and the chicken β-actin promoter/enhancer20, from the Jackson Laboratory.

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As previously described (Bellanger et al., 2017), pcDNA6-revLuc or ZNF217-revLuc cells (2.5 × 105) were injected into the cardiac left ventricle of n = 18 or n = 20 6-week-old athymic NMRI nude female mice, respectively. Cell implantation was immediately controlled by in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Only mice, the bioluminescent signal of which was diffused throughout the whole body, were considered to be correctly implanted (13/18 and 16/20, respectively, Supplementary Figure 1A ) and were included in the following experimental groups: pcDNA6-revLuc (n = 5), pcDNA6-revLuc + LDN-193189 (n = 8), ZNF217-revLuc (n = 8), and ZNF217-revLuc + LDN-193189 (n = 8). Subsequently, from day 0 to day 35, pcDNA6-revLuc mice or ZNF217-revLuc mice received daily intra-peritoneal (IP) injections of LDN-193189 (3 mg/kg body weight in distilled water) or vehicle (distilled water). The LDN-193189 experimental setup was based on previous in vivo studies (Yu et al., 2008; Lee et al., 2011; Balboni et al., 2013). LDN-193189-treated mice did not exhibit any loss in their body weight, demonstrating that the inhibitor had no severe toxic side effects. Bioluminescence imaging, was performed weekly as previously described (Bellanger et al., 2017). A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.[3]

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Conditional caALK2-expressing mice (P7) were injected intramuscularly with Ad.Cre in the left gastrocnemius and soleus muscles; LDN-193189 2HCl was administered starting from the time of Ad.Cre injection, and mice were evaluated for ectopic ossification by radiography, μCT, and histology at P13, P15, P30, and P60 [1]
Nude mice were injected intracardially with ZNF217-revLuc (n=16) or pcDNA6-revLuc (n=13) breast cancer cells; LDN-193189 2HCl was administered systemically for 35 days, and metastasis development was monitored by bioluminescence imaging and microCT at 35–42 days post-injection [3]
Passive range of motion of the ankle joint was assessed in Ad.Cre-injected caALK2-mutant mice treated with LDN-193189 2HCl or vehicle, by measuring the minimum angle formed by the ankle and tibia with passive dorsoflexion at P15 and P30 [1]

LDN-193189 2HCl treatment did not induce fractures, osteopenia, or skeletal abnormalities in conditional caALK2-expressing mice [1]
LDN-193189 2HCl (100 nM) did not affect the viability of C2C12 cells in vitro [1]

[1]. BMP type I receptor inhibition reduces heterotopic [corrected] ossification. Nat Med, 2008, 14(12), 1363-1369.

[2]. Small molecules dorsomorphin and LDN-193189 inhibit myostatin/GDF8 signaling and promote functional myoblast differentiation. J Biol Chem. 2015 Feb 6;290(6):3390-404.

[3]. The Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Inhibitor LDN-193189 Enhances Metastasis Development in Mice. Front Pharmacol. 2019 Jun 19;10:667.

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a congenital disorder of progressive and widespread postnatal ossification of soft tissues and is without known effective treatments. Affected individuals harbor conserved mutations in the ACVR1 gene that are thought to cause constitutive activation of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor, activin receptor-like kinase-2 (ALK2). Here we show that intramuscular expression in the mouse of an inducible transgene encoding constitutively active ALK2 (caALK2), resulting from a glutamine to aspartic acid change at amino acid position 207, leads to ectopic endochondral bone formation, joint fusion and functional impairment, thus phenocopying key aspects of human FOP. A selective inhibitor of BMP type I receptor kinases, LDN-193189 (ref. 6), inhibits activation of the BMP signaling effectors SMAD1, SMAD5 and SMAD8 in tissues expressing caALK2 induced by adenovirus specifying Cre (Ad.Cre). This treatment resulted in a reduction in ectopic ossification and functional impairment. In contrast to localized induction of caALK2 by Ad.Cre (which entails inflammation), global postnatal expression of caALK2 (induced without the use of Ad.Cre and thus without inflammation) does not lead to ectopic ossification. However, if in this context an inflammatory stimulus was provided with a control adenovirus, ectopic bone formation was induced. Like LDN-193189, corticosteroid inhibits ossification in Ad.Cre-injected mutant mice, suggesting caALK2 expression and an inflammatory milieu are both required for the development of ectopic ossification in this model. These results support the role of dysregulated ALK2 kinase activity in the pathogenesis of FOP and suggest that small molecule inhibition of BMP type I receptor activity may be useful in treating FOP and heterotopic ossification syndromes associated with excessive BMP signaling.[1]

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GDF8, or myostatin, is a member of the TGF-β superfamily of secreted polypeptide growth factors. GDF8 is a potent negative regulator of myogenesis both in vivo and in vitro. We found that GDF8 signaling was inhibited by the small molecule ATP competitive inhibitors dorsomorphin and LDN-193189. These compounds were previously shown to be potent inhibitors of BMP signaling by binding to the BMP type I receptors ALK1/2/3/6. We present the crystal structure of the type II receptor ActRIIA with dorsomorphin and demonstrate that dorsomorphin or LDN-193189 target GDF8 induced Smad2/3 signaling and repression of myogenic transcription factors. As a result, both inhibitors rescued myogenesis in myoblasts treated with GDF8. As revealed by quantitative live cell microscopy, treatment with dorsomorphin or LDN-193189 promoted the contractile activity of myotubular networks in vitro. We therefore suggest these inhibitors as suitable tools to promote functional myogenesis.[2]

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Breast cancer with bone metastasis is essentially incurable with current anticancer therapies. The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway is an attractive therapeutic candidate, as it is involved in the bone turnover and in cancer cell formation and their colonization of distant organs such as the bone. We previously reported that in breast cancer cells, the ZNF217 oncogene drives BMP pathway activation, increases the metastatic growth rate in the bone, and accelerates the development of severe osteolytic lesions in mice. [3]

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LDN-193189 2HCl is a selective ATP-competitive inhibitor of BMP type I receptor kinases and a derivative of dorsomorphin [1]
LDN-193189 2HCl inhibits ectopic ossification in a mouse model of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) by blocking dysregulated ALK2 kinase activity, and its efficacy is comparable to corticosteroid (dexamethasone) treatment in this model [1]
LDN-193189 2HCl promotes functional myoblast differentiation by inhibiting myostatin/GDF8 signaling, making it a potential tool for enhancing myogenesis in vitro [2]
LDN-193189 2HCl enhances breast cancer metastasis in mice by altering the interaction between cancer cells and the bone microenvironment, highlighting the dual role of BMP pathway inhibition in different pathological contexts [3]

C25H24CL2N6

479.4

478.143

C, 62.63; H, 5.05; Cl, 14.79; N, 17.53

1435934-00-1

LDN193189;1062368-24-4;LDN193189 Tetrahydrochloride;2310134-98-4

91900717

Typically exists as orange to red solids at room temperature

58.4Ų

3

5

3

33

587

0

N1=C2C(C=CC=C2)=C(C2=C3N(N=C2)C=C(C2=CC=C(N4CCNCC4)C=C2)C=N3)C=C1.[H]Cl.[H]Cl

CMQXLLAILGGLRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C25H22N6.2ClH/c1-2-4-24-22(3-1)21(9-10-27-24)23-16-29-31-17-19(15-28-25(23)31)18-5-7-20(8-6-18)30-13-11-26-12-14-30;;/h1-10,15-17,26H,11-14H2;2*1H

4-[6-(4-piperazin-1-ylphenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]quinoline;dihydrochloride

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

注意： 请将本产品存放在密封且受保护的环境中，避免吸湿/受潮。

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

注意: 如下所列的是一些常用的体内动物实验溶解配方，主要用于溶解难溶或不溶于水的产品（水溶度<1 mg/mL）。 建议您先取少量样品进行尝试，如该配方可行，再根据实验需求增加样品量。

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注射用配方1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*生理盐水/Saline的制备：将0.9g氯化钠/NaCl溶解在100 mL ddH ₂ O中，得到澄清溶液。
注射用配方 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
注射用配方 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
示例: 以注射用配方 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) 为例说明, 如果要配制 1 mL 2.5 mg/mL的工作液, 您可以取 100 μL 25 mg/mL 澄清的 DMSO 储备液，加到 900 μL Corn oil/玉米油中, 混合均匀。

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注射用配方 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline = 10 : 90 [如：100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)]
*20% SBE-β-CD in Saline的制备（4°C，储存1周）：将2g SBE-β-CD (磺丁基-β-环糊精) 溶解于10mL生理盐水中，得到澄清溶液。
注射用配方 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (如： 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (羟丙基环胡精)→ 500 μL Saline)
注射用配方 6: DMSO : PEG300 : Castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (如： 50 μL DMSO → 100 μL PEG300 → 200 μL Castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
注射用配方 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (如： 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
注射用配方 8: 溶解于Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), 然后用生理盐水稀释。
注射用配方 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如： 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
注射用配方 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如： 100 μL EtOH → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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口服配方 1: 悬浮于0.5% CMC Na (羧甲基纤维素钠)
口服配方 2: 悬浮于0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
示例: 以口服配方 1 (悬浮于 0.5% CMC Na)为例说明, 如果要配制 100 mL 2.5 mg/mL 的工作液, 您可以先取0.5g CMC Na并将其溶解于100mL ddH2O中，得到0.5%CMC-Na澄清溶液；然后将250 mg待测化合物加到100 mL前述 0.5%CMC Na溶液中，得到悬浮液。

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口服配方 3: 溶解于 PEG400 (聚乙二醇400)
口服配方 4: 悬浮于0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
口服配方 5: 溶解于0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
口服配方 6: 做成粉末与食物混合

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注意: 以上为较为常见方法，仅供参考， InvivoChem并未独立验证这些配方的准确性。具体溶剂的选择首先应参照文献已报道溶解方法、配方或剂型，对于某些尚未有文献报道溶解方法的化合物，需通过前期实验来确定（建议先取少量样品进行尝试），包括产品的溶解情况、梯度设置、动物的耐受性等。

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请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出，可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果，工作液请现配现用！
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。