sst1 ( pKi = 8.2 ); sst2 ( pKi = 9.0 ); sst3 ( pKi = 9.1 ); sst4 ( pKi < 7.0 ); sst5 ( pKi = 9.9 )

Pasireotide 对人类生长抑素受体（亚型 sst1/2/3/4/5，pKi 分别为 8.2/9.0/9.1/<7.0/9.9）表现出独特的高亲和力结合[1]。 Pasireotide 可有效抑制大鼠垂体细胞原代培养物中生长激素释放激素 (GHRH) 诱导的生长激素 (GH) 释放，IC50 为 0.4 nM[1]。

帕瑞肽（160 mg/kg/口；皮下注射 4 个月）可显着降低 Pdx1-Cre 中的血清胰岛素、升高血糖、减小肿瘤大小并增加细胞凋亡[2]。帕瑞肽（2-50 μg/kg；每天皮下注射两次，持续 42 天）通过 SSTR2 受体在免疫介导的关节炎小鼠模型中发挥抗伤害和抗炎作用[4]。动物模型：12月龄条件性Men1基因敲除胰岛素瘤小鼠[2] 剂量：160 mg/kg/口 给药方式：每月皮下注射，持续4个月 结果：血清胰岛素从1.060 μg/L降低至0.3653 μg/L，并升高血糖从 4.246 mM 降至 7.122 mM。显着减小肿瘤大小并增加细胞凋亡。

12 month-old conditional Men1 knockout mice with insulinoma
160 mg/kg/mouth
S.c. every month for 4 months

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
The peak plasma concentration of pasireotide occurs in 0.25-0.5 hours. After administration of single and multiple doses, there is dose-proportionoal increases in Cmax and AUC.
Pasireotide is eliminated mostly by hepatic clearance (biliary excretion)(about 48%) with some minor renal clearance (about 7.63%).
Pasireotide is widely distributed and has a volume of distribution of >100L.
The clearance in healthy patient is ~7.6 L/h and in Cushing’s disease patients is ~3.8 L/h.

---

Metabolism / Metabolites
Metabolism is minimal.

---

Biological Half-Life
The half-life is 12 hours.

Hepatotoxicity
Mild, transient, asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase levels occur in up to 29% of patients receiving pasireotide LAR, but elevations above 5 times the upper limit of normal are rare (
Pasireotide causes inhibition of gall bladder contractility and a decrease in bile secretion, and long term therapy is associated with a high rate of cholesterol gallstone formation. In prospective studies, between 20% and 30% of patients with acromegaly treated with maintenance pasireotide for one to two years developed gallstones detected by ultrasonography and a proportion developed symptomatic cholelithiasis requiring hospitalization and cholecystectomy. Even after cholecystectomy, cholesterol stones may form in the common bile duct and intrahepatic ducts during somatostatin analogue therapy which can cause symptoms and liver test abnormalities. Therapy with ursodiol does not appear to prevent gallstone formation related to somatostatin analogue therapy, although it may help.
Likelihood score: E* (unproven but suspected rare cause of clinically apparent hepatobiliary injury).

---

Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation
The excretion of pasireotide into breastmilk has not been studied. However, because it has a high molecular weight of 1047 daltons it is likely to be poorly excreted into breastmilk and it is a peptide that is likely digested in the infant's gastrointestinal tract. It is unlikely to reach the clinically important levels in infant serum. However, the manufacturer states that nursing mothers should not use pasireotide. An alternate drug is preferred.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants
Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk
Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.

---

Protein Binding
Plasma protein binding is 88%.

[1]. A novel somatostatin mimic with broad somatotropin release inhibitory factor receptor binding and superior therapeutic potential. J Med Chem. 2003 Jun 5;46(12):2334-44.

[2]. Pasireotide (SOM230) is effective for the treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) in a multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) conditional knockout mouse model. Surgery. 2012 Dec;152(6):1068-77.

[3]. Pasireotide (SOM230): development, mechanism of action and potential applications. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2008 May 14;286(1-2):69-74.

[4]. Differential antiinflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the somatostatin analogs octreotide and pasireotide in a mouse model of immune-mediated arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2011 Aug;63(8):2352-62.

Pasireotide is a six-membered homodetic cyclic peptide composed from L-phenylglycyl, D-tryptophyl, L-lysyl, O-benzyl-L-tyrosyl, L-phenylalanyl and modified L-hydroxyproline residues joined in sequence. A somatostatin analogue with pharmacologic properties mimicking those of the natural hormone somatostatin; used (as its diaspartate salt) for treatment of Cushing's disease. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent. It is a homodetic cyclic peptide and a peptide hormone. It is a conjugate base of a pasireotide(2+).
Pasireotide is a synthetic long-acting cyclic hexapeptide with somatostatin-like activity. It is marketed as a diaspartate salt called Signifor, which is used in the treatment of Cushing's disease.
Pasireotide is a Somatostatin Analog. The mechanism of action of pasireotide is as a Somatostatin Receptor Agonist.
Pasireotide is a synthetic polypeptide analogue of somatostatin that resembles the native hormone in its ability to suppress levels and activity of growth hormone, insulin, glucagon and many other gastrointestinal peptides. Because its half-life is longer than somatostatin, pasireotide can be used clinically to treat neuroendocrine pituitary tumors that secrete excessive amounts of growth hormone causing acromegaly, or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) causing Cushing disease. Pasireotide has many side effects including suppression of gall bladder contractility and bile production, and maintenance therapy can cause cholelithiasis and accompanying elevations in serum enzymes and bilirubin.
Pasireotide is a synthetic long-acting cyclic peptide with somatostatin-like activity. Pasireotide activates a broad spectrum of somatostatin receptors, exhibiting a much higher binding affinity for somatostatin receptors 1, 3, and 5 than octreotide in vitro, as well as a comparable binding affinity for somatostatin receptor 2. This agent is more potent than somatostatin in inhibiting the release of human growth hormone (HGH), glucagon, and insulin.
See also: Pasireotide Diaspartate (is active moiety of); Pasireotide Pamoate (is active moiety of).

---

Drug Indication
For the treatment of Cushing’s disease, specifically for those patients whom pituitary surgery has not been curative or is not an option.
FDA Label
Signifor is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with Cushing's disease for whom surgery is not an option or for whom surgery has failed. Signifor is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with acromegaly for whom surgery is not an option or has not been curative and who are inadequately controlled on treatment with another somatostatin analogue.
Treatment of acromegaly and pituitary gigantism
Overproduction of pituitary ACTH, Pituitary dependant Cushing's disease, Pituitary dependant hyperadrenocorticism

---

Mechanism of Action
Pasireotide activates a broad spectrum of somatostatin receptors, exhbiting a much higher binding affinity for somatostatin receptors 1, 3, and 5 than octreotide in vitro, as well as a comparable binding affinity for somatostatin receptor 2. The binding and activation of the somatostatin receptors causes inhibition of ACTH secretion and results in reduced cortisol secretion in Cushing's disease patients. Also this agent is more potent than somatostatin in inhibiting the release of human growth hormone (HGH), glucagon, and insulin.

---

Pharmacodynamics
Signifor® is an analogue of somatostatin that promotes reduced levels of cortisol secretion in Cushing's disease patients.

C58H66N10O9

1047.2062535286

1046.501

C, 66.52; H, 6.35; N, 13.38; O, 13.75

396091-73-9

Pasireotide acetate; 396091-76-2; Pasireotide ditrifluoroacetate; Pasireotide L-aspartate salt; 396091-77-3; Pasireotide pamoate; 396091-79-5; Pasireotide (diaspartate); 1421446-02-7; 820232-50-6 (diaspartate)

9941444

Solid powder

1.4±0.1 g/cm3

1351.4±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg

771.1±34.3 °C

0.0±0.3 mmHg at 25°C

1.680

2.79

281.2

9

11

18

77

1940

7

NCCCC[C@@H](C(N[C@H]1CC2=CC=C(C=C2)OCC3=CC=CC=C3)=O)NC([C@H](NC([C@H](C4=CC=CC=C4)NC([C@H]5N(C([C@H](CC6=CC=CC=C6)NC1=O)=O)C[C@H](OC(NCCN)=O)C5)=O)=O)CC7=CNC8=C7C=CC=C8)=O

VMZMNAABQBOLAK-DBILLSOUSA-N

InChI=1S/C58H66N10O9/c59-27-13-12-22-46-52(69)64-47(30-38-23-25-42(26-24-38)76-36-39-16-6-2-7-17-39)53(70)66-49(31-37-14-4-1-5-15-37)57(74)68-35-43(77-58(75)61-29-28-60)33-50(68)55(72)67-51(40-18-8-3-9-19-40)56(73)65-48(54(71)63-46)32-41-34-62-45-21-11-10-20-44(41)45/h1-11,14-21,23-26,34,43,46-51,62H,12-13,22,27-33,35-36,59-60H2,(H,61,75)(H,63,71)(H,64,69)(H,65,73)(H,66,70)(H,67,72)/t43-,46+,47+,48-,49+,50+,51+/m1/s1

[(3S,6S,9S,12R,15S,18S,20R)-9-(4-aminobutyl)-3-benzyl-12-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17-hexaoxo-15-phenyl-6-[(4-phenylmethoxyphenyl)methyl]-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexazabicyclo[16.3.0]henicosan-20-yl] N-(2-aminoethyl)carbamate

Pasireotide free base; SOM230; SOM-230; SOM 230; trade name: Signifor; Signifor LAR

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO: ~100 mg/mL (~95.5 mM)
Ethanol: ~100 mg/mL

注意: 如下所列的是一些常用的体内动物实验溶解配方，主要用于溶解难溶或不溶于水的产品（水溶度<1 mg/mL）。 建议您先取少量样品进行尝试，如该配方可行，再根据实验需求增加样品量。

---

注射用配方1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*生理盐水/Saline的制备：将0.9g氯化钠/NaCl溶解在100 mL ddH ₂ O中，得到澄清溶液。
注射用配方 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
注射用配方 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
示例: 以注射用配方 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) 为例说明, 如果要配制 1 mL 2.5 mg/mL的工作液, 您可以取 100 μL 25 mg/mL 澄清的 DMSO 储备液，加到 900 μL Corn oil/玉米油中, 混合均匀。

View More

注射用配方 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline = 10 : 90 [如：100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)]
*20% SBE-β-CD in Saline的制备（4°C，储存1周）：将2g SBE-β-CD (磺丁基-β-环糊精) 溶解于10mL生理盐水中，得到澄清溶液。
注射用配方 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (如： 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (羟丙基环胡精)→ 500 μL Saline)
注射用配方 6: DMSO : PEG300 : Castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (如： 50 μL DMSO → 100 μL PEG300 → 200 μL Castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
注射用配方 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (如： 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
注射用配方 8: 溶解于Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), 然后用生理盐水稀释。
注射用配方 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如： 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
注射用配方 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如： 100 μL EtOH → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

---

口服配方 1: 悬浮于0.5% CMC Na (羧甲基纤维素钠)
口服配方 2: 悬浮于0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
示例: 以口服配方 1 (悬浮于 0.5% CMC Na)为例说明, 如果要配制 100 mL 2.5 mg/mL 的工作液, 您可以先取0.5g CMC Na并将其溶解于100mL ddH2O中，得到0.5%CMC-Na澄清溶液；然后将250 mg待测化合物加到100 mL前述 0.5%CMC Na溶液中，得到悬浮液。

View More

口服配方 3: 溶解于 PEG400 (聚乙二醇400)
口服配方 4: 悬浮于0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
口服配方 5: 溶解于0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
口服配方 6: 做成粉末与食物混合

---

注意: 以上为较为常见方法，仅供参考， InvivoChem并未独立验证这些配方的准确性。具体溶剂的选择首先应参照文献已报道溶解方法、配方或剂型，对于某些尚未有文献报道溶解方法的化合物，需通过前期实验来确定（建议先取少量样品进行尝试），包括产品的溶解情况、梯度设置、动物的耐受性等。

---

请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出，可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果，工作液请现配现用！
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。