Natural flavonoid

建立了以桑皮素为分析试剂，柱前络合反相高效液相色谱法测定不稳定单体铝的荧光检测方法。采用Spherisorb ODS 2色谱柱分离高荧光铝-桑色素配合物（激发波长418 nm，发射波长490 nm），洗脱液为30%甲醇和70%水（pH为1.0的高氯酸）。该方案最值得注意的一点是，只有毒性最大的铝种，即游离的水铝离子及其单体氢氧配合物离子，在各种铝配合物之间选择性反应。该策略已成功应用于直接分离天然水体和生物样品中的有毒铝，而无需任何预处理。[2]

黄酮类化合物是一种多酚类化合物，通过多种还原能力具有潜在的抗氧化活性。细胞脂质氧化与许多疾病有关。因此，本研究评估了几种膳食类黄酮苷元抑制肝微粒体脂质过氧化的能力，这些微粒体来自缺乏主要脂溶性抗氧化剂d - α-生育酚的大鼠。抗氧化效果为高良姜素、槲皮素、山奈酚、非黄酮、杨梅素、莫宁素、儿茶素、芹菜素。然而，没有一种黄酮类化合物像d - α-生育酚那样有效，特别是在使用最低浓度时。此外，黄酮类化合物的体外抗氧化效果与其体内氧化指标的抑制能力之间似乎存在重要的区别。与d - α-生育酚相比，槲皮素、山奈酚和杨梅素对维生素E缺乏大鼠的脂质过氧化和组织损伤指标无显著影响。黄酮类化合物在体内的直接抗氧化作用不明显，可能是由于生物利用度低，但不能排除通过刺激抗氧化反应元件产生间接氧化还原作用。[1]

迈瑞Perfect Plus 400用于测量血清中天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）的活性。结果以U/L[2]为单位给出。

MTT细胞增殖试验[3]
使用基于3-（4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-YI）-2,5-二苯基四唑溴化物（MTT）的比色法测定桑色素对HCT116和CT26增殖的影响。用5000个细胞/孔接种孔，并让其生长过夜。用不同浓度的桑色素（50μM、100μM、150μM、200μM和400μM）处理细胞并孵育48小时。孵育时间结束后，加入MTT试剂并在培养箱中孵育4小时。然后加入DMSO溶解甲酰胺晶体并在黑暗中孵育30分钟，测量570 nm处的吸光度

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菌落形成试验[3]
将HCT116和CT26细胞（500个细胞/孔）接种在6孔板上，并使其生长过夜。第二天，用IC50浓度的桑色素处理各细胞系的平板。孵育48小时后，更换培养基并孵育10天。用10%福尔马林固定菌落，用10%乙醇中的1%结晶紫染色。使用ImageJ软件记录图像并计数菌落，使用GraphPad Prism绘制图表

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伤口愈合试验[3]
对于伤口愈合试验，将1×105个细胞接种在6孔板的每个孔中，并培养至融合率达到75-80%。使用100μl移液管尖端制作伤口，用PBS洗涤分离的细胞，并用还原血清培养基覆盖细胞。在0小时、24小时和48小时拍摄图像，使用ImageJ软件定量测量伤口面积。

35 male Wistar albino rats (weighing between 280 and 300 g, 11–12 weeks old) were separated into five groups of 7 male rats each at random:[4]
Control group: The animals received 0.9% saline via oral gavage for 10 days and a single intraperitoneal injection of saline on day 5 only.
Morin group: The animals were given 100 mg/kg morin hydrate orally for 10 days and intraperitoneal saline injection was given on the 5th day of the experiment.
MTX group: The animals were administered saline orally for 10 days and on the 5th day of the experiment, a single dose of 20 mg/kg MTX was injected intraperitoneally.
MTX + Morin 50 group: Rats were given 50 mg/kg morin hydrate orally for 10 days and a single dose of 20 mg/kg MTX was injected intraperitoneally on the 5th day of the experiment.
MTX + Morin 100 group: Rats were given 100 mg/kg morin hydrate orally for 10 days and a single dose of 20 mg/kg MTX was injected intraperitoneally on the 5th day of the experiment.
Following day, the rats were sacrificed under mild sevoflurane anesthesia. Blood serum was separated by centrifugation at 3000×g for 10 min, and the serum samples were then tested for liver function analysis. Livers were immediately removed and washed with ice-cold physiological saline solution for biochemical and molecular analysis and then stored at -20 °C.
Mol Biol Rep. 2023 Apr;50(4):3479-3488.

Metabolism / Metabolites
Morin has known human metabolites that include (2S,3S,4S,5R)-6-[2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid.

mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 555 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY); BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS; LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie., 123(395), 1960 [PMID:13796312]

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Adverse Effects
Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

[1]. Antioxidant capacity of flavonoids in hepatic microsomes is not reflected by antioxidant effects in vivo. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2012;2012:165127.

[2]. Morin applied in speciation of aluminium in natural waters and biological samples by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2003 Jun;376(4):542-8.

[3]. Morin inhibits colon cancer stem cells by inhibiting PUM1 expression in vitro. Med Oncol. 2022 Oct 12;39(12):251.

[4]. Morin ameliorates methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity via targeting Nrf2/HO-1 and Bax/Bcl2/Caspase-3 signaling pathways. Mol Biol Rep. 2023 Apr;50(4):3479-3488.

Morin is a pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5. It has a role as an antioxidant, a metabolite, an antihypertensive agent, a hepatoprotective agent, a neuroprotective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antibacterial agent, an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor and an angiogenesis modulating agent. It is a pentahydroxyflavone and a 7-hydroxyflavonol. Morin has been reported in Maclura pomifera, Petasites formosanus, and other organisms with data available. See also: Maclurin (annotation moved to).

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Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds with potential antioxidant activity via multiple reduction capacities. Oxidation of cellular lipids has been implicated in many diseases. Consequently, this study has assessed the ability of several dietary flavonoid aglycones to suppress lipid peroxidation of hepatic microsomes derived from rats deficient in the major lipid soluble antioxidant, dα-tocopherol. Antioxidant effectiveness was galangin > quercetin > kaempferol > fisetin > myricetin > morin > catechin > apigenin. However, none of the flavonoids were as effective as dα-tocopherol, particularly at the lowest concentrations used. In addition, there appears to be an important distinction between the in vitro antioxidant effectiveness of flavonoids and their ability to suppress indices of oxidation in vivo. Compared with dα-tocopherol, repletion of vitamin E deficient rats with quercetin, kaempferol, or myricetin did not significantly affect indices of lipid peroxidation and tissue damage. Direct antioxidant effect of flavonoids in vivo was not apparent probably due to low bioavailability although indirect redox effects through stimulation of the antioxidant response element cannot be excluded.[1]

C15H12O8

320.250985145569

320.053

6202-27-3

Morin;480-16-0; 654055-01-3 (hydrate)

16219651

Typically exists as solid at room temperature

1.923

140.59

6

8

1

23

488

0

C1=CC(=C(C=C1O)O)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O.O

MYUBTSPIIFYCIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C15H10O7.H2O/c16-6-1-2-8(9(18)3-6)15-14(21)13(20)12-10(19)4-7(17)5-11(12)22-15;/h1-5,16-19,21H;1H2

2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxychromen-4-one;hydrate

Morin hydrate; 654055-01-3; 6202-27-3; Morin (monohydrate); 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one hydrate; MFCD00217054; 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxychromen-4-one;hydrate; Morin Hydrate (>85% purity);

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

注意: 如下所列的是一些常用的体内动物实验溶解配方，主要用于溶解难溶或不溶于水的产品（水溶度<1 mg/mL）。 建议您先取少量样品进行尝试，如该配方可行，再根据实验需求增加样品量。

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注射用配方1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*生理盐水/Saline的制备：将0.9g氯化钠/NaCl溶解在100 mL ddH ₂ O中，得到澄清溶液。
注射用配方 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
注射用配方 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
示例: 以注射用配方 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) 为例说明, 如果要配制 1 mL 2.5 mg/mL的工作液, 您可以取 100 μL 25 mg/mL 澄清的 DMSO 储备液，加到 900 μL Corn oil/玉米油中, 混合均匀。

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注射用配方 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline = 10 : 90 [如：100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)]
*20% SBE-β-CD in Saline的制备（4°C，储存1周）：将2g SBE-β-CD (磺丁基-β-环糊精) 溶解于10mL生理盐水中，得到澄清溶液。
注射用配方 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (如： 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (羟丙基环胡精)→ 500 μL Saline)
注射用配方 6: DMSO : PEG300 : Castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (如： 50 μL DMSO → 100 μL PEG300 → 200 μL Castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
注射用配方 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (如： 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
注射用配方 8: 溶解于Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), 然后用生理盐水稀释。
注射用配方 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如： 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
注射用配方 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如： 100 μL EtOH → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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口服配方 1: 悬浮于0.5% CMC Na (羧甲基纤维素钠)
口服配方 2: 悬浮于0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
示例: 以口服配方 1 (悬浮于 0.5% CMC Na)为例说明, 如果要配制 100 mL 2.5 mg/mL 的工作液, 您可以先取0.5g CMC Na并将其溶解于100mL ddH2O中，得到0.5%CMC-Na澄清溶液；然后将250 mg待测化合物加到100 mL前述 0.5%CMC Na溶液中，得到悬浮液。

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口服配方 3: 溶解于 PEG400 (聚乙二醇400)
口服配方 4: 悬浮于0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
口服配方 5: 溶解于0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
口服配方 6: 做成粉末与食物混合

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注意: 以上为较为常见方法，仅供参考， InvivoChem并未独立验证这些配方的准确性。具体溶剂的选择首先应参照文献已报道溶解方法、配方或剂型，对于某些尚未有文献报道溶解方法的化合物，需通过前期实验来确定（建议先取少量样品进行尝试），包括产品的溶解情况、梯度设置、动物的耐受性等。

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请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出，可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果，工作液请现配现用！
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。